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152 results for “termitophilous”
Figure 6 in A new genus and species and a revised phylogeny of Stereomerini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae), with notes on assumedly termitophilic aphodiines
Figure 6. Legs of Cheleion malayanum sp. n. A scanning electron micrograph of foreleg B scanning electron micrograph of midleg showing unconspicous tibial spurs C scanning electron micrograph of hindleg.
Figure 7 in A new genus and species and a revised phylogeny of Stereomerini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae), with notes on assumedly termitophilic aphodiines
Figure 7. Resulting trees from phylogenetic analysis of morphological data of representatives of A–C The 3 most parsimonious trees D the strict consensus tree.
Figure 3 in A new genus and species and a revised phylogeny of Stereomerini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae), with notes on assumedly termitophilic aphodiines
Figure 3. Ventral view of Cheleion malayanum sp. n. A scanning electron micrograph B stereo microscope image.
Fig. 7 in Discovery of termitophilous rove beetles associated with Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus in Taiwan, with the first larval description for the tribe Termitohospitini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Fig. 7. Japanophilus hojoi Maruyama & Iwata, 2002, larval instar 1. A–B – pronotum; C – mesonotum; D – hatching spines of mesonotum; E – metanotum; F – hatching spines of metanotum; G – left foreleg, anterior view. Abbreviations: I–X – abdominal segments; A – anterior setae; Ad – anterodorsal setae; Al – anterolateral setae; Av – anteroventral seta; C – campaniform sensilla; Cx – coxa; D – dorsal setae; Da-d – discal setae, rows a–d; Fe – femur; Hs – hatching spines; L – lateral setae; P – posterior setae; Pd – posterodorsal setae; P1 – posterolateral setae; Pv – posteroventral setae; Tb – tibia; Tr – trochanter; Ts – tarsungulus; V – ventral setae.
Fig. 5 in Discovery of termitophilous rove beetles associated with Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus in Taiwan, with the first larval description for the tribe Termitohospitini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Fig. 5. Japanophilus hojoi Maruyama & Iwata, 2002, larval instar 1, head. A – dorsal view; B – lateral view; C – ventral view. Abbreviations: Ec – epicranial campaniform sensilla; Ed – epicranial dorsal seta; El – epicranial lateral setae; Em – epicranial marginal setae; Es – epicranial suture; Fd – frontal dorsal setae; Fl – frontal lateral setae; Fm – frontal marginal seta; L – lateral setae; P – posterior (epicranial) setae; T – temporal setae; V – ventral seta; Vc – ventral campaniform sensilla; Vl – ventral lateral setae.
Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): a new termitophilous beetle from Myanmar with observations of carrying behavior by host termites
<p>Abstract. A new species of scarab beetle, Termitotrox icarus sp. nov., is described from central Myanmar, being the third representative of the genus Termitotrox Reichensperger, 1915 from the Indo-Chinese Subregion of the Oriental Region. The majority of the type series was collected from the walls of fungus garden chambers built in the nests of the termite Odontotermes proformosanus Ahmad, 1965. Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from the known Termitotrox as it possesses wing-shaped trichomes on the elytra, the more elongate habitus shape in dorsal view, the basomedian section of pronotum not protruding backwards, a pair of distinct costae on the pronotal basomedian section strongly developed, a median costa on anterior pronotal margin strongly develo- ped, the elytral striae narrower than interstriae, the lack of trichomes at the base of elytral sutural stria, and a mid-range body length of 1.5–1.9 mm. The ‘carrying behavior’ by the host termites is reported for the first time for Termitotrox and a strategy for the dispersal of flightless termitophilous scarabs is hypothesized.</p>
Figs 43–45 in Discovery of termitophilous tenebrionid beetles in China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Figs 43–45. Habitat of Nepaloplonyx qiului sp. nov. 43 – Dr. Lu Qiu working at the light trap in the type locality: Nabang Town (Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province); 44 – holotype of N. qiului sp. nov. trapped at light; 45 – general environment of Nabang Town.
Figs 22–30 in Discovery of termitophilous tenebrionid beetles in China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Figs 22–30. Diagnostic features of female of Xenotermes sp. from Lincang City, Yunnan. 22 – habitus, dorsal view; 23 – habitus, ventral view; 24–25 – head and prothorax, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; 26 – head, frontal view; 27 – antenna, lateral view; 28 – sternite VIII and spiculum, ventral and lateral views, respectively; 29–30 – apex of ovipostor, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm in Figs 22–23; 0.5 mm in Figs 24–27; 0.2 mm in Figs 28–29; and 0.1 mm in Fig. 30.
Figs 13–21 in Discovery of termitophilous tenebrionid beetles in China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Figs 13–21. Diagnostic features of Nepaloplonyx qiului sp. nov. 13 – habitus of male, dorsal view; 14 – habitus of male ventral view; 15–16 – head and prothorax, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; 17 – head, frontal view; 18 – antenna, lateral view; 19–21 – aedeagus, ventral, lateral and dorsal views. Scale bars: 2 mm in Figs 13–14, 1.0 mm in Figs 15–18; 0.5 mm in Figs 19–21.
Figs 38–42 in Discovery of termitophilous tenebrionid beetles in China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Figs 38–42. Habitat of termitophilous tenebrionid beetles. 38–39 – fungus garden of Odontotermes sp., 30 – male of Nepaloplonyx yunnanensis sp. nov. on fungus garden; 41 – male of Ziaelas formosanus Hozawa, 1914 on fungus garden; 42 – female of Xenotermes sp. trapped at light.
Figs 31–37. Ziaelas formosanus Hozawa, 1914 in Discovery of termitophilous tenebrionid beetles in China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Figs 31–37. Ziaelas formosanus Hozawa, 1914 (31–35 – male, 36–37 – female). 31 – habitus, dorsal view; 32 – head and prothorax, dorsal view; 33 – antenna, lateral view; 34–35 – aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; 36 – sternite VIII and spiculum, ventral view; 37 – ovipositor, ventral view. Scale bars: 2.0 mm in 31, 1.0 mm in 32–33; and 0.5 mm in 34–37.
Figs 1–12 in Discovery of termitophilous tenebrionid beetles in China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Figs 1–12. Diagnostic features of Nepaloplonyx yunnanensis sp. nov. (1–10 – male; 11–12 – female). 1 – habitus dorsal view; 2 – habitus ventral view; 3–4 – head and prothorax, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; 5 – head, frontal view; 6 – profemur, ventral view; 7 – antenna, lateral view; 8–10 – aedeagus, dorsal, lateral and ventral views; 11 – apex of ovipositor, ventral view; 12 – sternite VIII and spiculum, ventral view. Scale bars: 2.0 mm in Figs 1–2; 1.0 mm in Figs 3–4, 7; 0.5 mm in Figs 5–6, 12; 0.4 mm in Figs 8–10; and 0.25 mm in Fig. 11.
Figs 21–22 in Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): a new termitophilous beetle from Myanmar with observations of carrying behavior by host termites
Figs 21–22. Single large egg in a female Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. (21 – dorsal viewT 22 – lateral view).
Figs 18–19 in Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): a new termitophilous beetle from Myanmar with observations of carrying behavior by host termites
Figs 18–19. Carrying behavior by host termite Odontotermes proformosanus Ahmad, 1965 to Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. (observed in laboratory).
Figs 14–17 in Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): a new termitophilous beetle from Myanmar with observations of carrying behavior by host termites
Figs 14–17. Habitat of Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. 14–15 – termite mound of host termite Odontotermes proformosanus Ahmad, 1965T 16 – a fungus garden chamber of host termiteT 17 – alive specimen of Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. walking on the wall of fungus garden chamber.
Figs 9–13 in Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): a new termitophilous beetle from Myanmar with observations of carrying behavior by host termites
Figs 9–13. Body parts of Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. (paratype male). 9 – epipharynx, ventral viewT 10 – elytra, dorsal viewT 11 – abdomen, ventral viewT 12 – pygidium, postero-lateral viewT 13 – aedeagus, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (Fig. 9)T 0.20 mm (Fig. 10)T 0.10 mm (Figs 11–13).
Figs 3–8 in Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): a new termitophilous beetle from Myanmar with observations of carrying behavior by host termites
Figs 3–8. Habitus of Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. (holotype and paratypes). 3 – holotype male, dorsal viewT 4 – paratype male, ventral viewT 5 – paratype female, dorsal viewT 6 – ditto, ventral viewT 7 – holotype male, antero-lateral viewT 8 – paratype male, dorsal view (elytra removed). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figs 1–2 in Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): a new termitophilous beetle from Myanmar with observations of carrying behavior by host termites
Figs 1–2. Terminology used in species description. Head: CFS – clypeofrontal suture, CO – clypeal outline, CF – clypeofrons, GE – gena, AN – antenna, VE – vertex. Pronotum: ALL – anterolateral lobe, MC – median costa, SLC – sublateral costa, CD – central depression, PMC – paramedian costa, LC – lateral costa, MGC – marginal costa, BMS – basomedian section, BP – base of pronotum. Elytra: IS – interstria, ES – elytral stria, is1–is9 – interstriae 1 to 9, AS – apicosutural area, EPI – epipleuron. Ventral structures of thorax: PR – propectus, PLAP – posterolateral areas of propectus, PPS – postprosternal surface, MSV – mesoventrite, MTV – metaventrite. Abdomen: av1–av5 – abdominal ventrite 1 to 5, Py – pygidium. Legs: PF – profemur, PRT – protrochanter, PT – protibia, PRTA – protarsus, AC – anterior claw.
Data for: Termite nest evolution fostered social parasitism by termitophilous rove beetles
<p>Colonies of social insects contain large amounts of resources often exploited by specialized social parasites. While some termite species host numerous parasitic arthropod species, called termitophiles, others host none. The reason for this large variability remains unknown. Here we report that the evolution of termitophily in rove beetles is linked to termite nesting strategies. We compared one-piece nesters, whose entire colony life is completed within a single wood piece, to foraging species, which exploit multiple physically separated food sources. Our epidemiological model predicts that characteristics related to foraging (e.g., extended colony longevity and frequent interactions with other colonies) increase the probability of parasitism by termitophiles. We tested our prediction using literature data. We found that foraging species are more likely to host termitophilous rove beetles than one-piece nesters: 99.6% of known termitophilous species were associated with foraging termites, while 0.4% were associated with one-piece nesters. Notably, the few one-piece nesting species hosting termitophiles were those having foraging potential and access to soil. Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed that termitophily primarily evolved with foraging termites. These results highlight that the evolution of complex termite societies fostered social parasitism, explaining why some species have more social parasites than others.</p>
Data for: Termite nest evolution fostered social parasitism by termitophilous rove beetles
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