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33 results for “test of significance”
Caudal fin area: body length ratio (A:L 2; mean..) FIGURE 5 CF s S E measured from photographs of Salmo trutta parr at 20 and 32 weeks after exercise treatment initiation. A:L 2 values between the two CF s groups were significantly different (Welch's two sample t- test p <0.05) in Body shape and robustness response to water flow during development of brown trout Salmo trutta parr
Caudal fin area: body length ratio (A:L 2; mean..) FIGURE 5 CF s S E measured from photographs of Salmo trutta parr at 20 and 32 weeks after exercise treatment initiation. A:L 2 values between the two CF s groups were significantly different (Welch's two sample t- test p <0.05)
FIG. 4 in Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)
FIG. 4. — Cluster analysis based on 28 test characters (zero Euclidean distance = greatest similarity). Abbreviations: b, brown colour morph; w, white colour morph.
FIG. 2. — A-I in Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)
FIG. 2. — A-I, photographs of the median areas of the interambulacra, showing the variation in characters that occur: A, Diadema antillarum; B, D. mexicanum; C, D, D. savignyi; E, D. setosum; F, Echinothrix calamaris (brown colour morph); G, E. calamaris (white colour morph); H, E. diadema; I, D. palmeri; J, D. palmeri (whole specimen). Scale bars: A-I, 5 mm; J, 50 mm.
FIG. 1 in Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)
FIG. 1. — Drawings of the apical systems, showing species specific characters of the periproct and genital plates: A, Diadema antillarum; B, D. ascensionis; C, D. mexicanum; D, D. palmeri; E, D. paucispinum; F, D. savignyi; G, D. setosum; H, Echinothrix calamaris (brown colour morph); I, E. calamaris (white colour morph); J, E. diadema. Scale bars: 5 mm.
Why and how we should join the shift from significance testing to estimation
<p>A paradigm shift away from null hypothesis significance testing seems in progress. Based on simulations, we illustrate some of the underlying motivations. First, p-values vary strongly from study to study, hence dichotomous inference using significance thresholds is usually unjustified. Second, 'statistically significant' results have overestimated effect sizes, a bias declining with increasing statistical power. Third, 'statistically non-significant' results have underestimated effect sizes, and this bias gets stronger with higher statistical power. Fourth, the tested statistical hypotheses usually lack biological justification and are often uninformative. Despite these problems, a screen of 48 papers from the 2020 volume of the Journal of Evolutionary Biology exemplifies that significance testing is still used almost universally in evolutionary biology. All screened studies tested default null hypotheses of zero effect with the default significance threshold of p = 0.05, none presented a pre-specified alternative hypothesis, pre-study power calculation and the probability of 'false negatives' (beta error rate). The results sections of the papers presented 49 significance tests on average (median 23, range 0–390). Of 41 studies that contained verbal descriptions of a 'statistically non-significant' result, 26 (63%) falsely claimed the absence of an effect. We conclude that studies in ecology and evolutionary biology are mostly exploratory and descriptive. We should thus shift from claiming to 'test' specific hypotheses statistically to describing and discussing many hypotheses (possible true effect sizes) that are most compatible with our data, given our statistical model. We already have the means for doing so, because we routinely present compatibility ('confidence') intervals covering these hypotheses.</p>
Cloud computing is one of the most popular and sophisticated technologies adopted by organizations worldwide. Some world-leading organizations enhance their efficiency and effectiveness by using cloud computing technology. Working from home (WFH) has been a popular trend among organizations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 saw a breakthrough in work cultures and environments where working from home was a remarkable success in remote working environments, despite being a rare phenomenon in Sri Lanka. Yet, it is argued that the deployment of work from home has not been effective among Sri Lankan business organizations due to a lack of IT infrastructure, facilities, and knowledge. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of cloud computing, embracing the service models (Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Software as a Service) as theoretical lenses and testing the COVID-19 as the moderator. The study has been conducted based on a deductive approach and adopted a stratified random sampling method. The sample consisted of 384 IT employees among those who had experienced working from home. The study utilized multiple regression and found that cloud computing service models significantly impact work from home with the moderating effect of COVID-19.
<p>Cloud computing is one of the most popular and sophisticated technologies adopted by organizations worldwide. Some world-leading organizations enhance their efficiency and effectiveness by using cloud computing technology. Working from home (WFH) has been a popular trend among organizations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 saw a breakthrough in work cultures and environments where working from home was a remarkable success in remote working environments, despite being a rare phenomenon in Sri Lanka. Yet, it is argued that the deployment of work from home has not been effective among Sri Lankan business organizations due to a lack of IT infrastructure, facilities, and knowledge. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of cloud computing, embracing the service models (Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Software as a Service) as theoretical lenses and testing the COVID-19 as the moderator. The study has been conducted based on a deductive approach and adopted a stratified random sampling method. The sample consisted of 384 IT employees among those who had experienced working from home. The study utilized multiple regression and found that cloud computing service models significantly impact work from home with the moderating effect of COVID-19.</p>
Supplementary tables for "Theme Enrichment Analysis: A Statistical Test for Identifying Significantly Enriched Themes in a List of Stories with an Application to the Star Trek Television Franchise"
<p>Supplementary tables for the manuscript "Theme Enrichment Analysis: A Statistical Test for Identifying Significantly Enriched Themes in a List of Stories with an Application to the Star Trek Television Franchise".</p> <p>Supplementary Information File 1 contains a table of Star Trek TOS/TAS/TNG television series episodes featuring the Klingon alien race. The criterion for inclusion is that the Klingons were deemed by the authors to have been featured throughout the episode in a way that is central to the story plot.</p> <p>Supplementary Information File 2 contains tables of over-represented Literary Theme Ontology version 0.1.1 literary themes in Star Trek TOS/TAS/TNG television series storysets as identified by the hypergeometric test.</p> <p>Supplementary Information File 3 contains tables of over-represented Literary Theme Ontology version 0.1.1 literary themes in Star Trek TOS/TAS/TNG television series storysets as identified by the TF-IDF statistic.</p>
FIG. 3 in Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)
FIG. 3. — MDS plots of taxonomic similarity based on 28 test characters.
3 Month Finasteride Challenge Test Can Significantly Improve the Performance of Screening for Prostate Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01296672. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Why and how we should join the shift from significance testing to estimation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Testing the adaptive significance of sex-specific mating tactics in collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris)
We tested whether territorial defence is adaptive in male collared lizards by examining the extent to which territory owners monopolize females. We also tested whether females benefit by mating with multiple males using alternative tactics when local sex ratios varied. Surprisingly, neither the number of offspring that males sired, nor the number of females that males mated with varied as a consequence of highly variable local sex ratios. Moreover, both the number of offspring sired and the number of female mates were independent of male social status. Courtship frequency was under positive directional sexual selection for mating success for territorial males. None of the phenotypic traits that we examined were targets of sexual selection in nonterritorial males. Although offspring survivorship decreased with the degree of multiple mating, females mated multiply with similar numbers of territorial and nonterritorial males during all three seasons. Females did not obtain material or genetic benefits that balanced the apparent offspring survival cost imposed by mating with multiple males. Instead, females appeared to be 'making the best of a bad job', perhaps because the abundance of hiding places used by subordinate males makes it difficult for females to avoid male harassment.
Data from: A significant component of ageing (DNA damage) is reflected in fading breeding colors: an experimental test using innate antioxidant mimetics in painted dragon lizards
A decade ahead of their time, von Schantz and coworkers united sexual selection and free radical biology by identifying causal links between deep-rooted physiological processes that dictate resistance to toxic waste from oxidative metabolism (reactive oxygen species), and phenotypic traits, such as ornaments. Ten years later, these ideas have still only been tested with indirect estimates of free radical levels (oxidative stress) subsequent to the action of innate and dietary antioxidants. Here we measure net superoxide (a selection pressure for antioxidant production) and experimentally manipulate superoxide antioxidation using a synthetic mimetic of superoxide dismutase, Eukarion 134 (EUK). We then measure the toxic effect of superoxide in terms of DNA erosion and concomitant loss of male breeding coloration in the lizard, Ctenophorus pictus. Control males suffered more DNA damage than EUK-males. Spectroradiometry showed that male coloration is lost in relation to superoxide and covaries with DNA erosion; in control males these variables explained 72 % of color loss, whereas in EUK males, the fading of coloration was unaffected by superoxide and unrelated to DNA damage. Thus, EUK's powerful antioxidation removes the erosion effect of superoxide on coloration and experimentally verifies the prediction that colors reflect innate capacity for antioxidation.
FIGURE 8. X-ray images showing internal structures. A in The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance
FIGURE 8. X-ray images showing internal structures. A, Clypeaster reticulatus Agassiz, 1863; NHM 1942.12.26.72. B, Clypeaster australasiae (Gray, 1851); NHM 1952.12.9.8. C, Clypeaster fervens Koehler, 1922; NHM 1948.12.9.17. D, Clypeaster japonicus Döderlein, 1885; NHM EE140012. E, Clypeaster rangianus Desmoulins, 1835; NHM 1957.7.2.48. F, Clypeaster rosaceus Linnaeus, 1758; NHM EE14011.
FIGURE 11 in The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance
FIGURE 11. Strict consensus tree that was found from parsimony analysis of the data matrix in the Appendix. Trees have a length of 42.25 steps, a consistency index of 0.53 and a retention index of 0.80. Mortensen's (1943) original supraspecific classification of Clypeaster species is indicated on the right.
FIGURE 4 in The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance
FIGURE 4. Test profile outlines showing position of measurements taken. A. Clypeaster ravenelii, B. Clypeaster australasiae, C. Clypeaster fervens, D. Clypeaster subdepressus, E. Clypeaster humilis, F. Clypeaster rangianus, G. Clypeaster rarispinus, H. Clypeaster japonicus, I. Clypeaster reticulatus, J. Clypeaster rosaceus, K. Clypeaster annandalei, L. Clypeaster telurus.
FIGURE 5 in The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance
FIGURE 5. Histograms of continuously variable characters with break points used for defining character states marked. Circle = mean; diamonds = minimum and maximum.
FIGURE 3. A, B, NHM 1968.12.6.69 in The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance
FIGURE 3. A, B, NHM 1968.12.6.69, Clypeaster rarispinus de Meijere, 1902, Eritrea coast; A, oral, B, apical. C, D, NHM EE14008, Arachnoides placenta Linnaeus 1758, Cairns, Australia; C, oral, D, apical. E, F, NHM 1939.6.15.44, Ammotrophus cyclius Clark, 1938, Encounter Bay, Australia; E, apical, F, oral. G, H, NHM 57883, Sismondia occitana (Defrance, 1827), Eocene (Priabonian) of St Colombe, Manche, France; G, apical, H, oral. I, NHM 1953.1.24.34, Clypeaster telurus Clark, 1914, Monte Bello Island, Australia; oral side. J, NHM EE14010, Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825), Carrie Bow Cay, Belize; apical. Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 7 in The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance
FIGURE 7. Camera lucida drawings of petal plating on the aboral side showing the correlation between number of occluded plates (grey) and degree of closure of petals. A. Clypeaster annandalei Koehler, 1922; NHM 1948.12.9.122; open petals. B. Clypeaster ravenelii (Agassiz, 1869); NHM 1937.5.9.18; closed petals. Scale bar 5 mm; apical plates at top.
Predictive and Prognostic Significance of Age,Blood Tests,Comorbidities(ABC) Score,Cologne Watch(C-watch)Score and Rockall Score for Risk of Variceal Re-bleeding Among Cirrhotic Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06335186. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Prognostic Significance of Pulmonary Function Tests in Adolescent İdiopathic Scoliosis Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06756880. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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