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168 results for “thermal adaptation”

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edi60/100

Effect of Warming on Thermal Adaptation of Soil Microbial Growth Traits at Harvard Forest 2013-2023

Adaptation of soil microbes due to warming from climate change has been observed, but it remains unknown what microbial growth traits are adaptive to warming. We studied bacterial isolates from the Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research site, where field soils have been experimentally heated to 5ºC above ambient temperature with unheated controls for thirty years. We hypothesized that Alphaproteobacteria from warmed plots have (1) less temperature sensitive growth rates; (2) higher optimum growth temperatures; and (3) higher maximum growth temperatures compared to isolates from control plots. We made high-throughput measurements of bacterial growth in liquid cultures over time and across temperatures from 22-37ºC in 2-3ºC increments. We estimated growth rates by fitting Gompertz models to the growth data. Temperature sensitivity of growth rate, optimum growth temperature, and maximum growth temperature were estimated by the Ratkowsky 1983 model and a modified Macromolecular Rate Theory (MMRT) model. To determine evidence of adaptation, we ran phylogenetic generalized least squares tests on isolates from warmed and control soils. Our results showed evidence of adaptation of higher optimum growth temperature of bacterial isolates from heated soils. However, we observed no evidence of adaptation of temperature sensitivity of growth and maximum growth temperature. Our project begins to capture the shape of the temperature response curves, but illustrates that the relationship between growth and temperature is complex and cannot be limited to a single point in the biokinetic range.

openCC0Dec 2023View details →

zenodo48/100

Data from: Padfield et al. (2016) Rapid evolution of metabolic traits explains thermal adaptation in phytoplankton. Ecology letters.

This repository provides the data from the TPC and logistic growth curves from the paper: Padfield, D., Yvon‐Durocher, G., Buckling, A., Jennings, S., & Yvon‐Durocher, G. (2016). Rapid evolution of metabolic traits explains thermal adaptation in phytoplankton. Ecology letters, 19(2), 133-142. metadata.pdf gives a more detailed explanation of the data.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2018View details →

dryad40/100

Data for: Predictable local adaptation in butterfly photoperiodism but not thermal performance along a latitudinal cline

In seasonal environments, organisms must synchronize their life cycles to conditions favorable for growth and reproduction. Because season length varies geographically, local adaptation should arise in traits that regulate phenological responses. Geographic photoperiodism clines are well-known, but comparable studies on thermal performance are equivocal and often overlook non-linear responses. Therefore, we examined local adaptation in plastic responses to both photoperiod and temperature along a 752 km latitudinal cline, by comparing four Swedish populations of the butterfly Pieris napi. Using a common garden design, we estimated (1) photoperiod response curves for diapause induction and (2) thermal performance curves for development and growth rates. We show that differences in photoperiodism follow the expected geographical pattern, where diapause is induced at longer daylengths in northern populations (where growth seasons are short and summer days long). However, population differences in thermal performance curves were small and seemingly idiosyncratic, without clear clinal patterns. Photoperiodic responses appear to evolve more readily than thermal responses, highlighting photoperiodism as a key driver of local life cycle synchronization.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

zenodo40/100

Thermal adaptation in Aedes aegypti does not constrain temperature-sensitive growth of bacteria or dengue virus

Data set and R script used for the following manuscript :  Thermal adaptation in Aedes aegypti does not constrain temperature-sensitive growth of bacteria or dengue virus Alida Kropf1*#, Stéphanie Dabo2, Marine Amann3, Louis Lambrechts2, Jacob C Koella1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B THE ROYAL SOCIETY B BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2025-0832.R1

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

dryad40/100

Supplementary datasets, data analysis code, and R tutorials for: Phylogenetic analysis of adaptation in comparative physiology and biomechanics: overview and a case study of thermal physiology in treefrogs

Comparative phylogenetic studies of adaptation are uncommon in biomechanics and physiology. Such studies require collecting data from many species, a challenge when data collection is experimentally intensive. Moreover, researchers struggle to employ the most biologically appropriate phylogenetic tools for identifying adaptive evolution. Here, we detail an established but greatly underutilized phylogenetic comparative framework—the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process—that explicitly models long-term adaptation. We discuss challenges in implementing and interpreting the model, and we outline potential solutions. We demonstrate use of the model through studying the evolution of thermal physiology in treefrogs. Frogs of the family Hylidae have twice colonized the temperate zone from the tropics, and such colonization likely involved a fundamental change in physiology due to colder and more seasonal temperatures. However, which traits changed to allow colonization is unclear. We measured cold-temperature tolerance and characterized thermal performance curves in jumping for twelve species of treefrogs distributed from the Neotropics to temperate North America. We then conducted phylogenetic comparative analyses to examine how tolerances and performance curves evolved and to test whether that evolution was adaptive. We found that tolerance to low temperatures increased with the transition to the temperate zone. In contrast, jumping well at colder temperatures was unrelated to biogeography and thus did not adapt during dispersal. Overall, our paper shows how comparative phylogenetic methods can be leveraged in biomechanics and physiology to test the evolutionary drivers of variation among species.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

dryad40/100

Genetic background and thermal regime influence adaptation to novel environment in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus

Climate change is associated with the increase in both mean and variability of thermal conditions. Therefore, the use of more realistic fluctuating thermal regimes is the most appropriate laboratory method for predicting population responses to thermal heterogeneity. However, the long- and short-term implications of evolving under such conditions are not well understood. Here, we examined differences in key life history traits among populations of seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus) that evolved under either constant control conditions or in an environment with fluctuating daily temperatures. Specifically, individuals from two distinct genetic backgrounds were kept for 19 generations at one of two temperatures, a constant temperature (T=29°C) or a fluctuating daily cycle (Tmean=33°C, Tmax=40°C, and Tmin=26°C), and were assayed either in their evolved environment or in the other environment. We found that beetles that evolved in fluctuating environments but were then switched to constant 29°C conditions had far greater lifetime reproductive success compared to beetles that were kept in their evolved environments. This increase in reproductive success suggests that beetles raised in fluctuating environments may have evolved greater thermal breadth than control condition beetles. In addition, the degree of sexual dimorphism in body size and development varied as a function of genetic background, evolved thermal environment, and current temperature conditions. These results highlight not only the value of incorporating diel fluctuations into climate research but also suggest that populations that experience variability in temperature may be better able to respond to both short- and long-term changes in environmental conditions.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

dryad40/100

Thermal adaptation of pelage in desert rodents balances cooling and insulation

Phenotypic convergence across distantly related taxa can be driven by similar selective pressures from the environment or intrinsic constraints. The roles of these processes on physiological strategies, such as homeothermy, are poorly understood. We studied the evolution of thermal properties of mammalian pelage in a diverse community of rodents inhabiting the Mojave Desert, U.S.A. We used a heat flux device to measure the thermal insulation of museum specimens and determined whether thermal properties were associated with habitat preferences while assessing phylogenetic dependence. Species that prefer arid habitats exhibited significantly lower conductivity and thinner pelage relative to species with other habitat preferences. Despite having thinner pelage, the low conductivity imparted comparable insulation to species with other habitat preferences. Thus, arid species retain insulative pelage while simultaneously benefitting from thin pelage that promotes heat loss via convective cooling. We found no evidence of intrinsic constraints or phylogenetic dependence. Heat flux models designed to simulate body temperature regulation demonstrated that arid specialists saved 14.5% of their annual energy required for homeothermy by evolving lower conductivity, providing support for adaptive evolution of pelage. Our study indicates that selection for lower energetic requirements of homeothermy has shaped evolution of pelage thermal properties.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

dryad40/100

Environment and phenology shape local adaptation in thermal performance

Populations within species often exhibit variation in traits that reflect local adaptation and further shape existing adaptive potential for species to respond to climate change. However, our mechanistic understanding of how the environment shapes trait variation remains poor. Here, we used common garden experiments to quantify thermal performance in eight populations of the marine snail Urosalpinx cinerea across thermal gradients on the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of North America. We then evaluated the relationship between thermal performance and environmental metrics derived from time-series data. Our results reveal a novel pattern of "mixed" trait performance adaptation, where thermal optima was positively correlated with spawning temperature (cogradient variation), while maximum trait performance was negatively correlated with season length (countergradient variation). This counterintuitive pattern likely arises because of phenological shifts in the spawning season, whereby "cold" populations delay spawning until later in the year when temperatures are warmer compared to "warm" populations that spawn earlier in the year when temperatures are cooler. Our results show that variation in thermal performance can be shaped by multiple facets of the environment and are linked to organismal phenology and natural history. Understanding the impacts of climate change on organisms therefore requires the knowledge of how climate change will alter different aspects of the thermal environment.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

zenodo40/100

Upper thermal tolerance of grassland vipers (Vipera spp.): environmental drivers and local adaptation

The thermal tolerance of ectotherms is a critical factor that influences their distribution, physiology, behaviour, and ultimately survival. Understanding the factors that shape thermal tolerance in these organisms is therefore of great importance for predicting their responses to forecasted climate warming. Here, we investigated the voluntary thermal maximum (VTmax) of nine grassland viper taxa and explored the factors that influence this trait. The small size of these vipers and the open landscape they inhabit renders them particularly vulnerable to overheating and dehydration. We found that the VTmax of grassland vipers is influenced by environmental temperature, precipitation, shortwave flux, and individual body size, rather than by phylogenetic relatedness. Vipers living in colder environments exhibited a higher upper thermal tolerance, contradicting the hypothesis that environmental temperature is positively related to VTmax. Our findings emphasise the importance of considering local to regional adaptation and environmental conditions when studying thermal physiology and the evolution of thermal tolerance in ectotherms.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

dryad40/100