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26 results for “thermal constraints”
Dataset "Comprehensive laboratory constraints on thermal desorption of interstellar ice analogues"
<p>### Dataset Overview ###</p> <p>This dataset contains Temperature-Programmed Desorption data corresponding to the series of experiments described in Table 2 of our accompanying paper "Comprehensive laboratory constraints on thermal desorption of interstellar ice analogues". The focus of these experiments is to explore the thermal desorption of various molecular ice mixtures under specific conditions.</p> <p> </p>
Slab transport of fluids to deep focus earthquake depths - thermal modeling constraints and evidence from diamonds
<p>This data set contains earthquake data and thermal models of subduction zones used in Shirey, S. B., Wagner, L. S., Walter, M. J., Pearson, D. G., & van Keken, P. E., "Slab transport of fluids to deep focus earthquake depths - thermal modeling constraints and evidence from diamonds", submitted to AGU Advances.</p> <p>There are four zip files:<br> 1) Events.zip contains the earthquake location data;<br> 2) PTeq.zip contains the estimated pressure and temperature in the EQ locations as projected onto slab top and Moho<br> 3) ThermalModels.zip contains the temperature along paths parallel to the slab top for each subduction zone<br> 4) ThermalModels_vtu.zip contains the temperature on the full computational grid<br> <br> See the README files for information on the data formats for 1-3.</p>
Micro and macroclimatic constraints on the activity of a vulnerable tortoise: a mechanistic approach under a thermal niche view
<p>1. Thermal constraints imposed by the environment limit the activity time of ectotherms and have been a central issue in ecophysiology. Assessing these restrictions is key to determining the vulnerability of species to changing thermal niches and developing conservation strategies. 2. We generate an explicit tortoise model of thermal constraints at both micro and macroclimate scales based on thermophysiology parameters and environmental operative temperatures during a biologically significant period. As a study model, we use a vulnerable species of gopher tortoise (Gopherus evgoodei), whose primary habitat is the tropical dry forests in northwestern Mexico. 4. Our mechanistic model is based on a monitoring of 5-years of environmental operative temperatures (Te). Here, we use the hours of activity (ha) and hours of thermal restriction (hr), calculated from the voluntary temperature range of G. evgoodei with respect to Te, to project and compare the thermal constraints across space and time. In addition, this model was projected using a pessimistic climate change scenario for 2070 (RCP 8.5). 5. The results show that the period of activity of G. evgoodei, predicted by ha and hr, is limited by the frequency and availability of Te and differs significantly throughout the year and among years. In addition, under the RCP 8.5 scenario, we predict that hr will increase considerably and exceed the critical value (3.11 hr) placing this species as highly vulnerable. 6. We discuss and compare the period of potential activity, thermoregulation strategies, and costs and benefits with other Gopherus species. Finally, we identify critical areas to develop management strategies for protecting this Mexican endemic tortoise.</p>
Thermal modulation of Zebrafish exploratory statistics reveals constraints on individual behavioral variability
<p><span><strong>Background</strong>: </span>Variability is a hallmark of animal behavior. It contributes to survival by endowing individuals and populations with the capacity to adapt to ever-changing environmental conditions. Intra-individual variability is thought to reflect both endogenous and exogenous modulations of the neural dynamics of the central nervous system. However, how variability is internally regulated and modulated by external cues remains elusive. Here we address this question by analyzing the statistics of spontaneous exploration of freely swimming zebrafish larvae, and by probing how these locomotor patterns are impacted when changing the water temperatures within an ethologically relevant range.<br> <br> <span><strong>Results</strong>: </span>We show that, for this simple animal model, five short-term kinematic parameters - interbout interval, turn amplitude, travelled distance, turn probability and orientational flipping rate - together control the long-term exploratory dynamics. We establish that the bath temperature consistently impacts the means of these parameters, but leave their pairwise covariance unchanged. These results indicate that the temperature merely controls the sampling statistics within a well-defined kinematic space delineated by this robust statistical structure. At a given temperature, individual animals explore the behavioral space over a timescale of tens of minutes, suggestive of a slow internal state modulation that could be externally biased through the bath temperature. By combining these various observations into a minimal stochastic model of navigation, we show that this thermal modulation of locomotor kinematics results in a thermophobic behavior, complementing direct gradient-sensing mechanisms.<br> <br> <span><strong>Conclusions</strong>: </span>This study establishes the existence of a well-defined locomotor space accessible to zebrafish larvae during spontaneous exploration, and quantifies self-generated modulation of locomotor patterns. Intra-individual variability reflects a slow diffusive-like probing of this space by the animal. The bath temperature in turn restricts the sampling statistics to sub-regions, endowing the animal with basic thermophobicity. This study suggests that in Zebrafish, as well as in other ectothermic animals, ambient temperature could be used to efficiently manipulate internal states in a simple and ethological way.</p>
Data from: Combining thermal and hydric constraints for spatially predicting the activity suitability of Neotropical Leptodactylid frogs
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Thermal modulation of Zebrafish exploratory statistics reveals constraints on individual behavioral variability
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Data from: Body size rather than reflectivity explains thermal constraints on colour variation in an aposematic jewel bug
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Micro and macroclimatic constraints on the activity of a vulnerable tortoise: a mechanistic approach under a thermal niche view
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Constraints in temperature adaptation reinforce differences in thermal niche between mesophilic and psychrotolerant Bacillus cereus group species
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Breaking Free from Thermodynamic Constraints: Thermal Acclimation and Metabolic Compensation in a freshwater zooplankton species
<p>Ectothermic organisms' respiration rates are largely controlled by environment temperatures and the ability to meet metabolic demands at high temperatures sometimes sets their upper thermal limit. Organisms are hypothesized to exhibit acclimatory effects, adjusting their metabolism and physiology by deceleration of metabolic processes including respiration below Arrhenius expectations based in temperature alone. Such deceleration is termed metabolic compensation. We test the hypothesis that either heritable (among genotypes) or plastic (between acclimation regimes) heat tolerance differences can be explained by metabolic compensation in the eurythermal freshwater zooplankton crustacean Daphnia magna. We measured oxygen consumption rates over a range of assay temperatures (5°C - 37°C) in 8 genotypes of Daphnia representing a range of previously reported genotype-specific acute heat tolerance values and, in a narrower range of temperatures (10°C - 35°C) in Daphnia with different acclimation history (either 10°C or 25°C). In a ramp-up experiment we discovered no difference in temperature-specific respiration rates between heat tolerant and heat-sensitive genotypes. In contrast, we observed compensatory differences in respiration rates at both extremes of the temperature range studied. Notably, there was a deceleration of oxygen consumption at higher temperature in the 25°C-acclimated Daphnia relative to their 10°C-acclimated counterparts, observed in active, but not anaesthetized animals, a pattern corroborated by similar changes in filtering rate and, partly, by changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Daphnia exposed to a sublethal temperature (35°C) with a 24-hour recovery period at a 25°C-acclimation temperature showed no difference in respiration compared to unexposed 25°C-acclimated Daphnia, indicating that the reduction of respiration is not caused by irreversible damage. Response time necessary to acquire the respiratory adjustment to high temperature was much lower than to low temperature, indicating that metabolic compensation at the lower temperatures require slower structural changes.</p>
Phytoplankton thermal responses adapt in the absence of hard thermodynamic constraints
To better predict how populations and communities respond to climatic temperature variation, it is necessary to understand how the shape of the response of fitness-related rates to temperature evolves (the thermal performance curve). Currently, there is disagreement about the extent to which the evolution of thermal performance curves is constrained. One school of thought has argued for the prevalence of thermodynamic constraints through enzyme kinetics, whereas another argues that adaptation can—at least partly—overcome such constraints. To shed further light on this debate, we perform a phylogenetic meta-analysis of the thermal performance curves of growth rate of phytoplankton—a globally important functional group—, controlling for environmental effects (habitat type and thermal regime). We find that thermodynamic constraints have a minor influence on the shape of the curve. In particular, we detect a very weak increase of maximum performance with the temperature at which the curve peaks, suggesting a weak "hotter-is-better" constraint. Also, instead of a constant thermal sensitivity of growth across species, as might be expected from strong constraints, we find that all aspects of the thermal performance curve evolve along the phylogeny. Our results suggest that phytoplankton thermal performance curves adapt to thermal environments largely in the absence of hard thermodynamic constraints.
Data from: Do evolutionary constraints on thermal performance manifest at different organizational scales?
The two foremost hypotheses on the evolutionary constraints on an organism's thermal sensitivity – the hotter-is-better expectation, and the specialist–generalist trade-off – have received mixed support from empirical studies testing for their existence. Could these conflicting results reflect confusion regarding the organizational level (i.e. species > population > individual) at which these constraints should manifest? We propose that these evolutionary constraints should manifest at different organizational levels because of differences in their underlying causes and requirements. The hotter-is-better expectation should only manifest across separate evolutionary units (e.g. species, populations), and not within populations. The specialist–generalist trade-off, by contrast, should manifest within as well as between separate evolutionary units. We measured the thermal sensitivity of sprint performance for 440 rainforest sun skinks (Lampropholis coggeri) representing 10 populations, and used the resulting performance curves to test for evidence for the hypothesized constraints at two organizational levels: (i) across populations and (ii) within populations. As predicted, the hotter-is-better expectation was evident only at the across-population level, whereas the specialist–generalist trade-off was evident within, as well as across, populations. Our results suggest that, depending on the processes that drive them, evolutionary constraints can manifest at different organizational levels. Consideration of these underlying processes, and the organizational level at which a constraint should manifest, may help resolve conflicting empirical results.
Early snow melt and diverging thermal constraints control body size in arctic-alpine spiders
<p><span>To predict species' responses to a rapidly changing environment, it is necessary to detect current clines of life-history traits and understand their drivers. We studied body size variation, a key trait in evolutionary biology, of two arctic-alpine lycosid spiders and underlying mechanisms controlling this variation. We used long time-series data of body size sampled in Norway, augmented with museum data. Individuals of both species sampled in areas and years with longer snow-free periods grew larger than individuals in areas and years with shorter snow-free periods. </span><span>Interestingly, temperatures under 0° C led to a larger body size in Pardosa palustris, while temperatures above 0 °C led to a larger body size in Pardosa hyperborea. We assume that P. palustris, as the generally larger species, is less sensitive to environmental variability and cold temperatures, because it can retain more energy than a smaller species can and, therefore, can invest more resources in its offspring. With rising temperatures, both species might profit from a higher resource availability. In a rapidly changing arctic-alpine environment, alterations in the life-history traits and adaptation strategies of spiders are expected, which, regarding body size, seem to be highly influenced by early snowmelt and diverging thermal constraints.</span></p>
Data for: A general framework for modelling thermal and hydric constraints on eggs developing in soil
<p>Data files to reproduce all the figures and appendices of "A general framework for modelling thermal and hydric constraints on eggs developing in soil".</p>
Figure 1 in Early snow melt and diverging thermal constraints control body size in arctic-alpine spiders
Figure 1. Pearson correlations between the significant explanatory variables and the body size of Pardosa hyperborea and P. palustris. CW = carapace width; p1dSF = first snow-free day in the year before sampling; pSFP = snow-free period in the year before sampling; pq2TTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C in spring of the year before sampling; 2q2TTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C in spring of both years; q2P = precipitation sum in spring in the year of sampling; yTTD0 = thermal threshold days> 0 °C for the whole year of sampling; pyTTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C for the whole year before sampling; 2yTTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C in the year of sampling and the previous year; 2q2TTD_2 = thermal threshold days ≤ –2 °C in spring of both years; 1DOY0 = first day of the year> 0 °C in the year of sampling; 1dSF = first snowfree day in the year of sampling; SFP = snow-free period in the year of sampling; q1SWE = snow-water equivalent in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1SWE = snow-water equivalent in winter of both years; q2SWE = snow-water equivalent in spring in the year of sampling; q2TTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C in spring in the year of sampling; 2q2P = precipitation sum in spring of both years; pq4SWE = snow-water equivalent in autumn in the year before sampling; pq4P = precipitation sum in autumn in the year before sampling; ySWE = snow-water equivalent for the whole year of sampling; 2ySWE = snow-water equivalent of both years; q1TTD_2 = thermal threshold days ≤ –2 °C in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1TTD_2 = thermal threshold days ≤ –2 °C in winter of both years; q1TTD_0 = thermal threshold days ≤ 0 °C in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1TTD_0 = thermal threshold days ≤ 0 °C in winter of both years; q1TTD0 = thermal threshold days> 0 °C in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1TTD0 = thermal threshold days> 0 °C in winter of both years; q1P = precipitation sum in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1P = precipitation sum in winter of both years; 2q2SWE = snow-water equivalent in spring of both years;
Early snow melt and diverging thermal constraints control body size in arctic-alpine spiders
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Data from: Do evolutionary constraints on thermal performance manifest at different organizational scales?
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Data and code from: Phytoplankton thermal responses adapt in the absence of hard thermodynamic constraints
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Breaking Free from Thermodynamic Constraints: Thermal Acclimation and Metabolic Compensation in a freshwater zooplankton species
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Thermal constraints on energy balance, behavior, and spatial distribution of grizzly bears
<p>1. Heat dissipation limit theory posits that energy available for growth and reproduction in endotherms is limited by their ability to dissipate heat. In mammals, endogenous heat production increases markedly during gestation and lactation, and thus female mammals may be subject to greater thermal constraints on energy expenditure than males. Such constraints likely have important implications for behavior and population performance in a warming climate.</p> <p>2. We used a mechanistic simulation model based on first principles of heat and mass transfer to study thermal constraints on activity (both timing and intensity) of captive female grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in current and future climate scenarios. We then quantified the relative importance of regulatory behaviors for maintaining heat balance using GPS telemetry locations of lactating versus non-lactating female bears from Yellowstone National Park, and assessed the degree to which costs of thermoregulation constrained the distribution of sampled bears in space and time.</p> <p>3. Lactating female bears benefitted considerably more from behavioral cooling mechanisms (e.g., partial submersion in cool water or bedding on cool substrate) than non-lactating females in our simulations; the availability of water for thermoregulation increased the number of hours during which lactating females could be active by up to 60% under current climatic conditions and by up to 43% in the future climate scenario. Moreover, even in the future climate scenario lactating bears were able to achieve heat balance 24 hrs/day by thermoregulating behaviorally when water was available to facilitate cooling.</p> <p>4. The most important predictor of female grizzly bear distribution in Yellowstone, regardless of reproductive status, was elevation. However, variables associated with the thermal environment occurred with greater frequency in rules for predicting the distribution of lactating than non-lactating female bears. </p> <p>5. Our results suggest that the costs of heat dissipation, which are modulated by climate, may impose constraints on the behavior and energetics of large endotherms like grizzly bears, and that access to water for cooling will likely be an increasingly important driver of grizzly bear distribution in Yellowstone as the climate continues to warm.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.