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15 results for “thermal refuge”
Determinants of Thermal Refuges
<p>This repository contains the database presented in "What environmental features give rise to thermal refuges? A systematic review," as well as the necessary code to recreate the figures from that manuscript.</p>
Restored off-channel pond habitats create thermal regime diversity and refuges within a Mediterranean-climate watershed
<p>Cool-water habitats provide increasingly vital refuges for cold-water fish living on the margins of their historical ranges; consequently, efforts to enhance or create cool-water habitat are becoming a major focus of river restoration practices. However, the effectiveness of restoration projects for providing thermal refuge and creating diverse temperature regimes at the watershed scale remains unclear. In the Klamath River in Northern California, the Karuk Tribe Fisheries Program, the Mid-Klamath Watershed Council, and the U.S. Forest Service constructed a series of off-channel ponds that recreate floodplain habitat and support juvenile coho salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus kisutch</em>) and steelhead (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) along the Klamath River and its tributaries. We instrumented these ponds and applied multivariate auto-regressive time series models of fine-scale temperature data from ponds, tributaries, and the mainstem Klamath River to assess how off-channel ponds contributed to thermal regime diversity and thermal refuge habitat in the Klamath riverscape. Our analysis demonstrated that ponds provide diverse thermal habitats that are significantly cooler than creek or mainstem river habitats, even during severe drought. Wavelet analysis of long-term (10 years) temperature data indicated that thermal buffering (i.e. dampening of diel variation) increased over time but was disrupted by drought conditions in 2021. Our analysis demonstrates that in certain situations, human-made off-channel ponds can increase thermal diversity in modified riverscapes even during drought conditions, potentially benefiting floodplain-dependent cold-water species. Restoration actions that create and maintain thermal regime diversity and thermal refuges will become an essential tool to conserve biodiversity in climate-sensitive watersheds. </p>
Restored off-channel pond habitats create thermal regime diversity and refuges within a Mediterranean-climate watershed
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Data from: Balancing risk and reward: mating opportunity influences thermal refuge use in fiddler crabs
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Behavioural thermoregulation can ameliorate thermal stress but is costly. For species that court in a thermally stressful microhabitat, sexual selection via endurance rivalry favours individuals that are able and willing to endure harsh conditions in the courtship habitat, as retreats to a thermal refuge will reduce mating opportunities. The relative costs and benefits of refuge use versus continued courtship in the face of thermal risk, which vary across abiotic and biotic contexts, determine the optimal behavioural strategy. We examined the social and abiotic factors driving behavioural decisions related to thermoregulatory retreat in the fiddler crab <i>Austruca mjoebergi</i>. Male fiddler crabs perform a courtship display on the thermally stressful intertidal sediment surface. Time on the surface, and thus time available for display, was limited by high temperatures; as temperature increased, surface time decreased. Yet when presented with a stimulus female, males were more likely to perform the courtship display, displayed at a higher rate and increased time spent on the surface. These results demonstrate that behavioural<i> </i>decisions related to thermal retreat depend both on the abiotic conditions that influence the degree of thermal stress and on the social conditions that influence the reproductive prospects of the individual.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Habitat structure modifies microclimate: an approach for mapping fine-scale thermal refuge
1. Contemporary techniques predicting habitat suitability under climate change projections often underestimate availability of thermal refuges. Habitat structure contributes to thermal heterogeneity at a variety of spatial scales, but quantifying microclimates at organism‐relevant resolutions remains a challenge. Landscapes that appear homogeneous at large scales may offer patchily distributed thermal refuges at finer scales. 2. We quantified the relationship between vegetation structure and the thermal environment at a scale relevant to small, terrestrial animals using a new approach for mapping fine‐scale thermal heterogeneity. We expected that vegetation would create attenuated microclimates and that the influence of vegetation structure would vary seasonally. We measured shrub volume, horizontal cover, and operative temperature (Te) in a sagebrush‐steppe habitat in Idaho, USA, at 534 microsites across two study sites of approximately 1 km2 each. We modeled relationships between habitat structure and both mean daily maximum temperature (urn:x-wiley:2041210X:media:mee313008:mee313008-math-0001max) and mean diurnal temperature range (urn:x-wiley:2041210X:media:mee313008:mee313008-math-0002) for each study site during summer and winter. Aerial imagery from unmanned aerial systems was used to estimate shrub volume and canopy cover at 1‐m resolution, and we applied the best fit model to map thermal heterogeneity across broader extents. 3. Increasing shrub volume and cover was associated with lower urn:x-wiley:2041210X:media:mee313008:mee313008-math-0003max and (urn:x-wiley:2041210X:media:mee313008:mee313008-math-0004, but strengths of the relationships differed between study sites. There was considerable heterogeneity in availability of thermal refuges across sagebrush‐steppe rangelands that have traditionally been considered relatively homogeneous. 4. This technique can help ecologists and land managers identify critical thermal refuges that large‐scale climate modelling can overlook and thus contribute to an understanding of animal‐habitat relationships under changing climates and land uses.
Thermal refuge use and parasitism: spatiotemporal variation in anchor worm and lamprey wounds on Klamath redband trout
<p>Climate warming is increasing maximum temperatures during summer, such that they more frequently exceed the thermal tolerances of ectotherms, particularly cold-water fishes. One way that species can avoid thermal stress is by moving to thermal refuge habitats. Thermal refuges remain suitably cool during summer and are often complementary to foraging, spawning, and rearing habitats. Although the benefits associated with the thermal aspects of refuges are well studied, much less is known about potential costs associated with non-thermal aspects. For example, crowding of cold-water fishes into seasonal refuge habitats could increase parasite loads and cause declines in fitness. We assessed lamprey and anchor worm parasitism in Upper Klamath Lake where adfluvial redband trout (<em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>mykiss</em> <em>newberii</em>) move to thermal refuge habitats during summer. We sampled trout in Upper Klamath Lake during spring and in adjacent thermal refuge habitats during summer. We also evaluated survival as a function of lamprey wounding using motion-sensing radio tags. There was a 4-fold decline in the number of lamprey wounds on trout upon the onset of thermal refuge use. In contrast, cases of severe anchor worm (≥20 sores) increased 3-fold during thermal refuge use. Survival in thermal refuge was not different for lamprey-wounded trout compared to trout that migrated to thermal refuge without lamprey wounds. We found that both parasites were absent in a lotic population of redband trout downstream that lacked access to thermal refuge. Thus, the effects of seasonal refuge use on parasite load varied depending on the parasite taxon considered and local habitat conditions implying that managers will likely require empirical data for focal habitats and taxa to understand how parasitism affects thermal refuge use.</p>
Data from: Habitat structure modifies microclimate: an approach for mapping fine-scale thermal refuge
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Thermal refuge use and parasitism: spatiotemporal variation in anchor worm and lamprey wounds on Klamath redband trout
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Data from: Balancing risk and reward: mating opportunity influences thermal refuge use in fiddler crabs
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FIG. 3 in Ecosystem Functions of a Spring-Fed Tributary in Providing Foraging Habitat and Thermal Refuge for Juvenile Masu Salmon
FIG. 3. Seasonal changes in the population density of juvenile Oncorhynchus masou masou in the spring-fed tributary (A) and runoff tributary (B) reaches. Gray bands indicate the 95% confidence intervals of the estimated population densities.
FIG. 2 in Ecosystem Functions of a Spring-Fed Tributary in Providing Foraging Habitat and Thermal Refuge for Juvenile Masu Salmon
FIG. 2. Flow (A) and temperature (B) regimes of the spring-fed and runoff tributaries and mainstems. *Water levels were initially set to 0 cm (at the onset of monitoring).
Data from: Fast-growing oysters show reduced capacity to provide a thermal refuge to intertidal biodiversity at high temperatures
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Tributary confluences are dynamic thermal refuges for a juvenile salmonid in a warming river network
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FIG. 1 in Ecosystem Functions of a Spring-Fed Tributary in Providing Foraging Habitat and Thermal Refuge for Juvenile Masu Salmon
FIG. 1. Photographs of the spring-fed tributary (A) and runoff tributary (B) reaches in the Shubuto River System, Kuromatsunai Town, Hokkaido, Japan.
FIG. 4 in Ecosystem Functions of a Spring-Fed Tributary in Providing Foraging Habitat and Thermal Refuge for Juvenile Masu Salmon
FIG. 4. Relationship between total biomass of stomach contents and standard body length of juvenile Oncorhynchus masou masou in each sampling event.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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