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171 results for “thermoregulation”
Water restriction induces behavioral fight but impairs thermoregulation in a dry-skinned ectotherm
<p>Raw data of the article "Water restriction induces behavioral fight but impairs thermoregulation in a dry‐skinned ectotherm" by Rozen-Rechels D. et al., published in Oikos in 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.06910). These data are freely available and are provided as csv files. Check the readme file for information on metadata.</p> <p>Data were formatted by David Rozen-Rechels and produced according to standards and protocols described in the companion paper.</p>
Short-term change in water availability influences thermoregulation behaviors in a dry-skinned ectotherm
<p>Datasets for "Short-term change in water availability influences thermoregulation behaviors in a dry-skinned ectotherm" by Rozen-Rechels et al. (2020) in Journal of Animal Ecology</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>1. Mechanistic models of terrestrial ectotherms predict that climate warming will induce activity restriction due to heat stress and loss of shade, leading to the extinction of numerous populations. Such models rely on the assumption that activity patterns are dictated by simple temperature thresholds independent of changes in water availability. However, changes in water availability may further influence thermoregulation behavior of ectotherms through dehydration risk perception, changes in water balance or changes in microclimatic conditions.</p> <p>2. Here, we experimentally assess the interactive effects of thermal conditions and water availability on activity patterns, shade selection and thermoregulation efficiency in a model ectothermic species. 3. Thermoregulation behavior of adult common lizards (<em>Zootoca vivipara</em>) was monitored in outdoor mesocosms as we manipulated water availability, providing water as mist in the morning and free-standing water during the daytime. We recorded operative temperatures and micro-meteorological conditions to infer thermal constraints and dehydration risk.</p> <p>4. Activity and shade selection were better predicted by continuous changes in thermal conditions and dehydration risk, respectively, than by threshold functions. In addition, water supplementation increased activity in males and reduced shade selection in both sexes, most probably as a behavioral response to the perception of a stronger dehydration risk. Water supplementation also influenced the thermal quality of the environment, which in turn altered daily activity patterns and thermoregulation statistics.</p> <p>5. This demonstrates that dual effects of heat and water stress on activity patterns may lead to stronger activity restriction as a result of climate change than currently predicted.</p>
Interaction of hydric and thermal conditions drive geographic variation in thermoregulation in a widespread lizard
<p>Raw data and scripts of the article "Interaction of hydric and thermal conditions drive geographic variation in thermoregulation in a widespread lizard" by Rozen-Rechels D. et al., in Ecological Monographs. These data are freely available in csv format. See the readme file for metadata explanation.</p> <p>Data were formatted by the first author David Rozen-Rechels and collected according to standards and procedures described in the companion journal article.</p> <p> </p> <p>Abstract of the paper:</p> <p>Behavioral thermoregulation is an efficient mechanism to buffer the physiological effects of climate change. Thermal ecology studies have traditionally tested how thermal constraints shape thermoregulatory behaviors without accounting for the potential major effects of landscape structure and water availability. Thus, we lack a general understanding of the multifactorial determinants of thermoregulatory behaviors in natural populations. In this study, we quantified the relative contribution of elevation, thermal gradient, moisture gradient and landscape structure in explaining geographic variation in thermoregulation strategies of a terrestrial ectotherm species. We measured field active body temperature, thermal preferences and operative environmental temperatures to calculate thermoregulation indices, including thermal quality of the habitat and thermoregulation efficiency for a very large sample of common lizards (<em>Zootoca vivipara</em>) from 21 populations over 3 years across the Massif Central mountain range in France. We used an information-theoretic approach to compare eight <em>a priori</em> thermo-hydroregulation hypotheses predicting how behavioral thermoregulation should respond to environmental conditions. Environmental characteristics exerted little influence on thermal preference with the exception that females from habitats with permanent access to water had lower thermal preferences. Field body temperatures and accuracy of thermoregulation were best predicted by the interaction between air temperature and a moisture index. In mesic environments, field body temperature and thermoregulation inaccuracy increased with air temperature, but they decreased in drier habitats. Thermoregulation efficiency (difference between thermoregulation inaccuracy and the thermal quality of the habitat) was maximized in cooler and more humid environments and was mostly influenced by the thermal quality of the habitat. Our study highlights complex patterns of variation in thermoregulation strategies, which are mostly explained by the interaction between temperature and water availability, independent of the elevation gradient or thermal heterogeneity. Although changes in landscape structure were expected to be the main driver of extinction rate of temperate zone ectotherms with ongoing global change, we conclude that changes in water availability coupled with rising temperatures might have a drastic impact on the population dynamics of some ectotherm species.</p>
Regional differences in thermoregulation between two European butterfly communities
<p>Understanding how different organisms cope with changing temperatures is vital for predicting future species' distributions and highlighting those at risk from climate change. As ectotherms, butterflies are sensitive to temperature changes, but the factors affecting butterfly thermoregulation are not fully understood.</p> <p>We investigated which factors influence thermoregulatory ability in a subset of a Mediterranean butterfly community. We measured adult thoracic temperature and environmental temperature (787 butterflies; 23 species) and compared buffering ability (defined as the ability to maintain a consistent body temperature across a range of air temperatures) and buffering mechanisms to previously published results from Great Britain. Finally, we tested whether thermoregulatory ability could explain species' demographic trends in Catalonia.</p> <p>The sampled sites in each region differ climatically, with higher temperatures and solar radiation but lower wind speeds in the Catalan sites. Both butterfly communities show nonlinear responses to temperature, suggesting a change in behaviour, from heat-seeking to heat avoidance, at approximately 22 °C. However, the communities differ in the use of buffering mechanisms, with British populations depending more on microclimates for thermoregulation compared to Catalan populations.</p> <p>Contrary to the results from British populations, we did not find a relationship between region-wide demographic trends and butterfly thermoregulation, which may be due to the interplay between thermoregulation and the habitat changes occurring in each region. Thus, although Catalan butterfly populations seem to be able to thermoregulate successfully at present, evidence of heat avoidance suggests this situation may change in the future.</p>
Data from: Interactions between sexual signaling, thermoregulation and body size drive ecology and evolution of wing colors in Odonata
<p>This dataset consists of images of the fore and hind wings (and associated metadata) of 4091 individual odonate specimens, and thus over 8000 wings, imaged on a commercially-available Epson desktop flatbed scanner and color-calibrated using a color-checker, comprising the Targeted Odonata Wing Digitization dataset (TOWD; <a href="https://digitizingdragonflies.org/">https://digitizingdragonflies.org/</a>) The odonates imaged are all from the Nearctic, and represent 343 species. </p> <p>In this dataset, 47% of images come from the Alabama Museum of Natural History (ALMNH), 19% from the PhD thesis collection of William Kuhn (now housed at the American Museum of Natural History, AMNH), 19% from the collection of the late Michael L. May, and 13% from Jessica Ware’s Rutgers-University Newark collection (now housed at the AMNH). </p> <p>Files are individual PNGs where transparency is the background. </p> <p>Metadata includes species, sex, and county. </p>
Data for: Thermoregulation enhances survival but not reproduction in a plant-feeding insect
<p>Temperature influences nearly all aspects of fitness. However, reproduction is often more thermally sensitive than survival. Thermoregulation must maintain performance in both components of fitness to buffer populations from environmental change. We assessed the fitness benefits of thermoregulation in <em>Enchenopa binotata</em> treehoppers. Under realistic mesocosm conditions, we quantified fine-scale microclimates using 3D-printed operative temperature models. We then compared operative temperatures to treehopper body temperatures and translated patterns of thermoregulation into variation in survival and reproduction. We also assessed two thermoregulatory mechanisms: precise microclimate choice and heat escape behaviors. Finally, we applied our results to evaluate if arthropod thermoregulation is accurately characterized by two theoretical models commonly used to simulate responses to environmental change. We found substantial thermal variation at fine spatial scales relevant to insects: at a single point in time, temperatures within 30cm-tall plants spanned ranges up to 19ºC (23-42ºC). Lethal operative temperatures were common when air temperatures were high. However, heat escapes allowed treehoppers to almost entirely avoid lethal temperatures. By contrast, individuals thermo-conformed in the absence of lethal operative temperatures. This finding suggests that precise microclimate choice imposes high costs due to thermal uncertainty at fine spatial scales. Furthermore, given the narrow range of temperatures in which reproduction occurs, thermoregulation is unlikely to maintain reproduction. Thermoregulation was most effective in the lowest-quality and most spatially variable thermal habitats. Treehopper thermoregulation therefore more closely follows cost-benefit models of thermoregulation compared to models that account for inhibited movement at extreme temperatures. Overall, even if thermoregulation can prevent lethal heat stress, thermoregulation may have limited capacity to buffer arthropods and other small ectotherms from environmental change if it cannot maintain reproductive performance.<strong> </strong></p>
Data: Physical constraints on thermoregulation and flight drive morphological evolution in bats
<p>Body size and shape fundamentally determine organismal energy requirements by modulating heat and mass exchange with the environment and the costs of locomotion, thermoregulation, and maintenance. Ecologists have long used the physical linkage between morphology and energy balance to explain why the body size and shape of many organisms vary across climatic gradients, e.g., why larger endotherms are more common in colder regions. However, few modeling exercises have aimed at investigating this link from first principles. Body size evolution in bats contrasts with the patterns observed in other endotherms, probably because physical constraints on flight limit morphological adaptations. Here, we develop a biophysical model based on heat transfer and aerodynamic principles to investigate energy constraints on morphological evolution in bats. Our biophysical model predicts that the energy costs of thermoregulation and flight, respectively, impose upper and lower limits on the relationship of wing surface area to body mass (S-MR), giving rise to an optimal S-MR at which both energy costs are minimized. A comparative analysis of 278 species of bats supports the model’s prediction that S-MR evolves toward an optimal shape and that the strength of selection is higher among species experiencing greater energy demands for thermoregulation in cold climates. Our study suggests that energy costs modulate the mode of morphological evolution in bats—hence shedding light on a long-standing debate over bats’ conformity to ecogeographical patterns observed in other mammals—and offers a procedure for investigating complex macroecological patterns from first principles.</p>
Figure 2 in Effect of mound size on intranest thermoregulation in the red wood ants Formicarufa and F. polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Figure 2. The location of the nests of red wood ants in the green zone of Kyiv and forests of Kyiv region (points 4 and 5), Ukraine. Gray scale: light gray–zone of high-density housing; medium gray–zone of urban and natural parks; dark gray–forest areas. 1 –Goloseevsky forest; 2 – Park/monument of landscape gardening art "Feofania"; 3 – Koncha-Zaspa forest; 4 – forest between Khotov and Novoselki villages; 5 – forest in the vicinity of Boyarka; 6 – Left Bank of Kyiv; 7 –Vinohradar district; 8 –Kotsyubinske; 9 –PushchaVoditsa forest; 10 –Svyatoshinsky (Belichansky) forest; 11 – vicinity of Chayka village of; 12 – Lysa Hora regional and landscape park; 13 – vicinity of Petropavlivska Borshchahivka village.
Fig. 3 in Thermoregulation in the Andean lizard Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) at high elevation in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia
Fig. 3. (A) Average hourly variation of body temperature (Tb) and operative temperatures (T e) of light exposed, shaded and all models in function of time of the day. Striped area corresponds to preferred temperature interval. (B) Daily activity pattern of Anolis heterodermus (Duméril, 1851).
Fig. 2 in Thermoregulation in the Andean lizard Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) at high elevation in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia
Fig. 2. Frequency of body (T b) and operative (T e) temperatures during wet and dry season in Anolis heterodermus (Duméril, 1851). Average values are shown by black arrows. Striped area corresponds to averaged preferred temperature (T pref) interval for both seasons.
Fig. 1 in Thermoregulation in the Andean lizard Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) at high elevation in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia
Fig. 1. Thermal gradient scheme: (A) shrubs to create a suitable habitat for liZards in the gradient; (B) cooling packs.
Acute stress and restricted diet reduce bill-mediated heat dissipation in the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia): Implications for optimal thermoregulation
<p>We used thermal imaging to show that two environmental factors—acute stress and diet—influence thermoregulatory performance of a known thermal window, the avian bill. The bill plays important roles in thermoregulation and water balance. Given that heat loss through the bill is adjustable through vasoconstriction and vasodilation, and acute stress can cause vasoconstriction in peripheral body surfaces, we hypothesized that stress may influence the bill's role as a thermal window. We further hypothesized that diet influences heat dissipation from the bill given that body condition influences the surface temperature of another body region (the eye region). We measured the surface temperature of the bills of song sparrows (<em>Melospiza</em> <em>melodia</em>) before, during, and after handling by an observer at 37°C ambient temperature. We fed five birds a restricted diet intended to maintain bodyweights typical of wild birds, and we fed six birds an unrestricted diet for five months prior to experiments. Acute stress caused a decrease in the surface temperature of the bill, resulting in a 32.4% decrease in heat dissipation immediately following acute stress, before recovering over approximately 2.3 minutes. The initial reduction and subsequent recovery provide partial support for the haemoprotective and thermoprotective hypotheses, which predict a reduction or increase in peripheral blood flow, respectively. Birds with unrestricted diets had larger bills and dissipated more heat, indicating that diet and body condition influence bill-mediated heat dissipation and thermoregulation. These results indicate that stress-induced vascular changes and diet can influence mechanisms of heat loss and potentially inhibit optimal thermoregulation.</p>
"Breath holding" as a thermoregulation strategy in the scalloped hammerhead, a deep-diving tropical ectothermic shark
<p>Fish moving between different thermal environments experience heat exchange via conduction through the body wall and convection from blood flow across the gills. Here we report a strategy of preventing convective heat loss at the gills during excursions into deep cold water by the tropical scalloped hammerhead shark (<em>Sphryna lewini</em>). Adult scalloped hammerhead sharks dive rapidly and repeatedly from warm (~26ºC) surface waters to depths exceeding 800 meters and temperatures as low as 5°C. Biologgers attached to adult sharks show that warm muscle temperatures were maintained throughout the deepest portion of each dive. Substantive cooling only occurred during the latter stages of the ascent phase, and once initiated, was rapid. Heat transfer coefficient modeling indicated that convective heat transfer was suspended, probably by suppressing gill function during deep dives. This previously unobserved strategy has broad similarities to marine mammal "breath hold" diving.</p>
Acute stress and restricted diet reduce bill-mediated heat dissipation in the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia): Implications for optimal thermoregulation
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Data for: Thermoregulation enhances survival but not reproduction in a plant-feeding insect
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Data from: Longer wing bones in warmer climates suggest a role of thermoregulation in bird wing evolution
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Data for: Greater plasticity in CTmax with increased climate variability among populations of tailed frogs lacking opportunity for behavioral thermoregulation
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Behavioral thermoregulation of flowers via petal movement
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“Breath holding” as a thermoregulation strategy in the scalloped hammerhead, a deep-diving tropical ectothermic shark
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Regional differences in thermoregulation between two European butterfly communities
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