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17 results for “thiamethoxam”
Fig. 1 in Lipid accumulation in Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1785) liver induced by thiamethoxam
Fig. 1. Intensity of Sudan III staining in Common Carp liver: A – control group, x200; B – 6.6 mg/L insecticide, x400; C – 10 mg/L insecticide, x400; D – 20 mg/L insecticide, x400.
Figure 1 in Effect of thiamethoxam (organophosphate) on the flies and beetle visitation and cadaveric decomposition process
Figure 1 Decomposition phases in the carcasses of control group and the contaminated group with Thiamethoxam: A fresh, B bloated, C decay, D postdecay, E skeletal.
Figure 4 in Effect of thiamethoxam (organophosphate) on the flies and beetle visitation and cadaveric decomposition process
Figure 4 Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS) obtained from data on the presence and absence of species in each stage of decomposition, for the contaminated and control groups.
pH-sensitive thiamethoxam nanoparticles based on bimodal mesoporous silica for improving insecticidal efficiency
<p>In this study, we synthesized pH-sensitive thiamethoxam-3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyl-bimodal mesoporous silica (P/Thi-NN-BMMs) nanoparticles (NPs). We used this bimodal mesoporous silica (BMMs) mesoporous material as a carrier based on the principle of free radical polymerization. The size of the P/Thi-NN-BMMs NPs was about 891.7<span>±4.9</span> nm, with a zeta potential of about −25.7<span>±2.5</span> mV. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis, N<sub>2</sub>-sorption measurements, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis indicated that thiamethoxam (Thi) was loaded into the pores of the mesoporous structure and that the mesopore surface was coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA). The loading rate of P/Thi-NN-BMMs was about 25.2%. The controlled-release NPs had excellent anti-photolysis performance and storage stability. The NPs showed significant pH sensitivity, and the Thi release rate in pH 10.0 phosphate buffer was higher than those in pH 7.4 and pH 3.0 phosphate buffers. We described the sustained-release curves according to the Weibull model. The relative toxicity of P/Thi-NN-BMMs against <i>peach aphid</i> was 1.44 times that of commercial Thi. This provides a promising instrument for effective insect control and environment protection.</p>
Supplementary Information - Chapter 1. Transcriptomic investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam and the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin in Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
<p><span>Laboratory-selected resistant strains of <em>Euschistus heros</em> to thiamethoxam (NEO) and lambda-cyhalothrin (PYR) were recently reported in Brazil. However, the mechanisms conferring resistance to these insecticides in <em>E. heros</em> remain unresolved. We utilized comparative transcriptome profiling and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling of susceptible and resistant strains of <em>E. heros</em> to investigate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying resistance.</span><span> </span><span>The <em>E. heros</em> transcriptome was assembled, generating 91 673 transcripts with a mean length of 720 bp and N50 of 1795 bp. Comparative gene expression analysis between the susceptible (SUS) and NEO strains identified 215 significantly differentially expressed (DE) transcripts. DE transcripts associated with the xenobiotic metabolism were all up-regulated in the NEO strain. The comparative analysis of the SUS and PYR strains identified 204 DE transcripts, including an esterase (esterase FE4), a glutathione-<em>S</em>-transferase, an ABC transporter (ABCC1) and aquaporins that were up-regulated in the PYR strain. We identified 9588 and 15 043 nonsynonymous SNPs in the PYR and NEO strains. One of the SNPs (D70N) detected in the NEO strain occurs in a subunit (α5) of the nAChRs, the target site of neonicotinoid insecticides. Nevertheless, this residue position in α5 is not conserved among insects.</span><span> </span><span>Neonicotinoid and pyrethroid resistance in laboratory-selected <em>E. heros</em> is associated with a potential metabolic resistance mechanism by the overexpression of proteins commonly involved in the three phases of xenobiotic metabolism. Together these findings provide insight into the potential basis of resistance in <em>E. heros</em> and will inform the development and implementation of resistance management strategies against this important pest.</span></p> <p><strong><span>*Published in: </span></strong><em><span>Pest Management Science</span></em><span><span> 79.12 (2023): 5349-5361</span>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7745">https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7745</a></span></p>
The neonicotinoid thiamethoxam impairs male fertility in solitary bees, Osmia cornuta
<p>The ongoing loss of global biodiversity is endangering ecosystem functioning and human food security. While environmental pollutants are well known to reduce fertility, the potential effects of common neonicotinoid insecticides on insect fertility remain poorly understood. Here, we show that field-realistic neonicotinoid exposure can drastically impact male insect fertility. In the laboratory, male and female solitary bees <em>Osmia cornuta</em> were exposed to four concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam to measure survival, food consumption, and sperm traits. Despite males being exposed to higher dosages of thiamethoxam, females revealed an overall increased hazard rate for survival; suggesting sex-specific differences in toxicological sensitivity. All tested sublethal concentrations (i.e., 1.5, 4.5, and 10 ng g<sup>-1</sup>) reduced sperm quantity by 57% and viability by 42% on average, with the lowest tested concentration leading to a reduction in total living sperm by 90%. As the tested sublethal concentrations match estimates of global neonicotinoid pollution, this reveals a plausible mechanism for population declines, thereby reflecting a realistic concern. An immediate reduction in environmental pollutants is required to decelerate the ongoing loss of biodiversity.</p>
Thiamethoxam soil contaminations reduce the fertility of a soil-dwelling beetle (Aethina tumida)
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The sixth mass extinction event is underway and environmental pollution is one major driver. Of particular concern are global insect declines, as their roles in ecosystem functionality and human food security are indispensable. Even though environmental pollutants are known to reduce fertility, their potential effects on insect fitness remain poorly understood - especially for soil-dwelling species. Here, we show that fertility of soil-dwelling beetles, <em>Aethina tumida</em>, is reduced, on average, by half due to field-realistic neonicotinoid soil contaminations. In the laboratory, pupating beetles were exposed via soil to concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam that reflect global pollution of agricultural and natural habitats. Emerged adult phenotypes and reproduction were measured, and even the lowest concentration reported from natural habitats reduced subsequent reproduction by 50%. The data are most likely a conservative estimate as the beetles were </span><span>only exposed during pupation. Since the tested concentrations reflect ubiquitous global soil pollution, the data reveal a plausible mechanism for ongoing insect declines. An immediate reduction in environmental pollutants is urgently required if our aim is to mitigate the prevailing loss of species biodiversity.</span><span> </span></p>
pH-sensitive thiamethoxam nanoparticles based on bimodal mesoporous silica for improving insecticidal efficiency
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The neonicotinoid thiamethoxam impairs male fertility in solitary bees, Osmia cornuta
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Thiamethoxam soil contaminations reduce the fertility of a soil-dwelling beetle (Aethina tumida)
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Thiamethoxam as an inadvertent anti-aphrodisiac in male bees
<p>Sexual reproduction is common to almost all multi-cellular organisms and can be compromised by environmental pollution, thereby affecting entire populations. Even though there is consensus that neonicotinoid insecticides can impact non-target animal fertility, their possible impact on male mating success is currently unknown in bees. Here, we show that sublethal exposure to a neonicotinoid significantly reduces both mating success and sperm traits of male bumblebees. Sexually mature male <i>Bombus terrestris</i> exposed to a field-realistic concentration of thiamethoxam (20 ng g<sup>-1</sup>) or not (controls) were mated with virgin gynes in the laboratory. The results confirm sublethal negative effects of thiamethoxam on sperm quantity and viability. While the latency to mate was reduced, mating success was significantly impaired in thiamethoxam-exposed males by 32% probably due to female choice. Gynes mated by exposed males revealed impaired sperm traits compared to their respective controls, which may lead to severe constraints for colony fitness. Our laboratory findings demonstrate for the first time that neonicotinoid insecticides can negatively affect male mating success in bees. Given that holds true for the field, this provides a plausible mechanism contributing to declines of wild bee populations globally. The widespread prophylactic use of neonicotinoids may therefore have previously overlooked inadvertent anti-aphrodisiac effects on non-target animals, thereby limiting conservation efforts.</p>
Figure 2 in Effect of thiamethoxam (organophosphate) on the flies and beetle visitation and cadaveric decomposition process
Figure 2 Number of days of each decomposition phase for the contaminated and control group in each of the three developed experiments.
Figure 3 in Effect of thiamethoxam (organophosphate) on the flies and beetle visitation and cadaveric decomposition process
Figure 3 Scatter plot representing the variation in the number of species present in the carcasses at each phase of decomposition, for each treatment (control and contaminated) in each of the three replications of the experiment.
Thiamethoxam as an inadvertent anti-aphrodisiac in male bees
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Proteomic and transcriptomic responses to thiamethoxam in the Sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
GEO Series GSE42102. Bemisia tabaci. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Transcriptome profiling of Bemisia tabaci reveals stage-specific gene expression signatures for thiamethoxam resistance
GEO Series GSE42337. Bemisia tabaci. 18 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Thiamethoxam impairs honey bee visual learning, alters decision times, and increases abnormal behaviors
<p>Learning is important for honey bee fitness and the pollination services they provide. Neonicotinoid pesticides impair learning, fitness, colony health, and pollination, but most studies on how they affect bee learning have focused on olfactory learning. We tested the effects of field realistic doses of 0.8 ng/bee and 1.34 ng/bee of the neonicotinoid pesticide, thiamethoxam (TMX), on bee visual learning. We adapted a T-maze bioassay and classically conditioned bees to associate sugar rewarded with a simulated flower color (blue or yellow light) in a choice assay. At 1.34 ng/bee, TMX significantly reduced correct choices in the final learning trial as compared to the control treatment. There was no TMX effect in our 1-hour memory test. We found stronger effects on decision time and abnormal behaviors. TMX decreased bee decision times, a potential byproduct of induced hyperactivity induced since bees walked to make choices. Behaviors (falling, trembling, and rapid abnormal movements) were significantly increased by both TMX doses as compared to the control dose. These results suggest that the effects of neonicotinoids on bee visual learning should be further studied and incorporated into Risk Assessment protocols.</p>
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