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57 results for “threatened plants”
Improving the application of Important Plant Areas to conserve threatened habitats: a case study of Uganda
<p><strong>This data set relates to the publication: Richards, S. L., Kalema, J., Ojelel, S., Williams, J., & Darbyshire, I. (2024). Improving the application of Important Plant Areas to conserve threatened habitats: A case study of Uganda. Conservation Science and Practice, e13246. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13246<br></strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Important Plant Areas (IPAs) are a successful method of identifying priority areas for plant conservation. Assessment of IPAs, however, often relies on criteria related to species, while incorporation of habitats has been less consistent. Using Uganda as a case study, we test the application of the threatened habitat criterion – criterion C. We identified nationally threatened habitats using Red List of Ecosystems criteria and assess, for the first time, how differing application of thresholds under IPA criterion C can influence IPA network outcomes. Eleven threatened habitats were identified, with declines switching from predominantly forest to savanna after the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century. Significantly, we found current IPA guidance on use of criterion C needlessly limits the number of sites that qualify as IPAs. The “five best sites” IPA threshold is reserved for countries where quantitative data is unavailable, however, the application of the relevant numerical thresholds (site contains ≥10% of national resource or site is among the best quality examples required to collectively prioritisie up to 20% of the national resource) to quantitative data largely generated fewer than five IPAs, comparably limiting conservation opportunities identified. We recommend, therefore, that the “five best” threshold is available for application on both qualitative and quantitative data. This will bolster the value of IPAs in conserving and restoring threatened and ecologically important habitats under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.</p> <p><strong>Dataset:</strong></p> <p>Within this dataset is a shapefile of the estimated extent of threatened habitats in Uganda. Each polygon represents a single "site" for each threatened habitat, with methodology for site identification given in the manuscript. Feature area and percentage national resource are given for each site, enabling users to identify those that trigger the different IPA criterion C thresholds.</p> <p><strong>In this study, we have preliminarily identified the threatened habitats and IPAs for Uganda. However, it is important to seek the expertise and views of stakeholders, consider other IPA criteria met and any complementarity between sites when identifying IPAs. In addition, ground-truthing or more localised data could validate the threat status of a vegetation type as well as identifying which sites are best to conserve these habitats. </strong></p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Dataset of herbarium specimens of threatened vascular plants in Catalonia.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Dataset of herbarium specimens of threatened vascular plants in Catalonia". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/dbc709b9-e36e-4dd7-ab5b-c3cb08c2779d">https://bionomia.net/dataset/dbc709b9-e36e-4dd7-ab5b-c3cb08c2779d</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/dbc709b9-e36e-4dd7-ab5b-c3cb08c2779d">https://gbif.org/dataset/dbc709b9-e36e-4dd7-ab5b-c3cb08c2779d</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: SANBI: Rare and Threatened Plants (Cape Floristic Region, 1864-2008).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "SANBI: Rare and Threatened Plants (Cape Floristic Region, 1864-2008)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/b2cf1219-3804-451d-ad69-95f099569847">https://bionomia.net/dataset/b2cf1219-3804-451d-ad69-95f099569847</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/b2cf1219-3804-451d-ad69-95f099569847">https://gbif.org/dataset/b2cf1219-3804-451d-ad69-95f099569847</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 7. Saxicolella futa. A in Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Fig. 7. Saxicolella futa. A habit; B three flowering or fruiting ► shoots at root terminal-bifurcations; C, D undehisced spathellum with shoot and root; E flower, part emerged from spathellum; F flower in spathellum, gynoecium removed, showing tepals, gynophore and stamen; G gynoecium; H ovary wall in transverse section showing ribs; J variation in stigmata; K seed, hydrated; L reconstruction of complete flower (based on E – G). A from photo by cheek at chute de Sal'aa. B – D, G – F from Cheek 18979. (K); E & F from Cheek 18980 (K). DRAWN BY ANDREW BROWN.
Fig. 4. Saxicolella nana. A in Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Fig. 4. Saxicolella nana. A stem with two leafy shoots with spathellae; B placenta from fruit covered in seeds; C habit sketch showing disc-like root and centrally inserted leaf rosettes; D shoot with dehisced spathellum and flower at anthesis (right), detail of stamen (left); E dyad pollen grain; F flower showing pedicel, tepals and gynophore (stamen removed); G transverse section of ovary. All from Mildbraed 7749a (B). ALL DRAWN BY JOSEF POHL (original for illustration in the protologue, attached to the holotype B).
Fig. 6. Saxicolella deniseae. A in Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Fig. 6. Saxicolella deniseae. A habit; B distal portion of one root, with marginal sessile shoots; C detail of B showing the fruiting shoots; D unopened spathellum; E distal leaf rib; F shoot with opening spathellum; G & H shoots with flowers at anthesis; J & K fruit with persistent floral parts; L fruit with one valve removed showing seeds on the placenta; M fruit, transverse section. A from photo in habitat of and B – L from Molmou 1383. DRAWN BY ANDREW BROWN.
Fig. 2. Saxicolella ijim A in Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Fig. 2. Saxicolella ijim A habit, showing crustose, disc-like root with radiating marginal lobes and centrally originating aerial stems; B side-branch, fruiting; C axillary, fruiting shoot; D unopened spathellum; E flower at anthesis, partly concealed in spathellum; F & G flowers at anthesis; H fruiting shoot, one valve removed to show seeds on placenta; J transverse section of fruit, showing absence of commissural ribs. From Cheek et al. 9920 (K). DRAWN BY ANDREW BROWN.
Fig. 3. Saxicolella angola. A in Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Fig. 3. Saxicolella angola. A fruiting plant; B, C apices of two stems showing terminal clusters of leaves, spathellae and fruits; D flower, post-anthetic (anther empty); E two spathellae, one with dehisced fruit showing spindle-like placenta and a single seed attached; F transverse section of fruit (slightly distorted by compression). All from Gossweiler 9428 (holotype K). DRAWN BY ANDREW BROWN.
Fig. 5. Saxicolella marginalis. A in Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Fig. 5. Saxicolella marginalis. A habit, flowering plant; B detail of flowering rosette shoots; C flower inside spathellum before anthesis; D flower at anthesis, spathellum opened. From Keay in FHI 25152. DRAWN BY MARGARET STONES. Originally published in Taylor (1954) as Butumia marginalis G.Taylor © the estate of Margaret Stones.
Data from: The potential for evolutionary rescue in an arctic seashore plant threatened by climate change
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Data associated with: Climate change will likely threaten areas of suitable habitats for the most relevant medicinal plants native to the Caatinga dry forest
<p>Medicinal plants play an important role in providing ecosystem services, such as local cultural and economic value, and human well-being, especially in poor regions. The use of plants to improve living conditions and increase the chances of survival comes from the beginning of human life. Climate change has the potential to contract areas of suitable habitat for medicinal plant species across different regions. As a consequence of climate change, the possibility of treating diseases can be compromised, and even interrupted. <em>We collected data from the medicinal applications and the parts that are used of 10 species of medicinal plants native to the Caatinga dry forest [i.e., </em><em>Myracrodruon urundeuva</em><em> Allemão (Anacardiaceae), </em><em>Cereus jamacaru </em><em>DC (Cactaceae), </em><em>Neocalyptrocalyx longifolium</em><em> (Mart) Cornejo & Iltis (Caparaceae),</em><em> Maytenus rigida </em><em>Mart (Celastraceae), </em><em>Operculina hamiltonii</em><em> (G Don) DF Austin Staples, </em><em>Operculina macrocarpa</em><em> (L) Urb (Convolvulaceae), </em><em>Amburana cearensis </em><em>(Allemao) AC Sm, </em><em>Anadenantehra colubrina</em><em> (Vell) Brenan, </em><em>Bauhinia cheilantha</em><em> (Bong) Steud and </em><em>Erythrina velutina</em><em> Willd (Legimonosae). </em>In addition, we also collected precise georeferenced data (native occurrence) of these medicinal plant species, that was accessed in 1) The Global Biodiversity Information Facility platform (GBIF) is an international data network funded by governments around the world, providing open access to data on all life on Earth (https:// www.gbif.org, accessed May 2022); 2) REFLORA - Herbário Virtual, virtual herbarium network that contains information on Brazilian plants that are deposited in 63 herbaria in Brazil and 10 international herbaria (http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual, accessed May 2022); 3) Botanical Information and Ecology Network Platform (BIEN), a global information network that helps to document patterns of plant diversity, trait records and distribution, which includes georeferenced plant observation data from herbarium records, plots, survey inventories (https://bien .nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata, accessed May 2022) and 4) 95 botanical monographs and floras. We excluded all repeated and mismatch occurrence data for each species. We collected all the available points for the studied species.</p>
Tillage agriculture and afforestation threaten tropical savanna plant communities across a broad rainfall gradient in India
<p>The consequences of land-use change for savanna biodiversity remain undocumented in most regions of tropical Asia. One such region is western Maharashtra, India, where old-growth savannas occupy a broad rainfall gradient and are increasingly rare due to agricultural conversion and afforestation.</p> <p>To understand the consequences of land-use change, we sampled herbaceous plant communities of old-growth savannas and three alternative land-use types: tree plantations, tillage agriculture, and agricultural fallows (<em>n</em>=15 sites per type). Study sites spanned 457 to 1954 mm of mean annual precipitation—corresponding to the typical rainfall range of mesic savannas globally.</p> <p>Across the rainfall gradient, we found consistent declines in old-growth savanna plant communities due to land-use change. Local-scale native species richness dropped from a mean of 12 species/m<sup>2</sup> in old-growth savannas to 8, 6, and 3 species/m<sup>2</sup> in tree plantations, fallows, and tillage agriculture, respectively. Cover of native plants declined from a mean of 49% in old-growth savannas to 27% in both tree plantations and fallows, and 4% in tillage agriculture. Reductions in native cover coincided with increased cover of invasive species in tree plantations (18%), fallows (18%), and tillage agriculture (3%).</p> <p>In analyses of community composition, tillage agriculture was most dissimilar to old-growth savannas, while tree plantations and fallows showed intermediate dissimilarity. These compositional changes were driven partly by the loss of characteristic savanna species: 65 species recorded in old-growth savannas were absent in other land uses. Indicator analysis revealed 21 old-growth species, comprised mostly of native savanna specialists. Indicators of tree plantations (9 species) and fallows (13 species) were both invasive and native species, while the 2 indicators of tillage agriculture were invasive. As reflective of declines in savanna communities, mean native perennial graminoid cover of 27% in old-growth savannas dropped to 9%, 7%, and 0.1% in tree plantations, fallows, and tillage agriculture, respectively.</p> <p><strong>Synthesis</strong>: Agricultural conversion and afforestation of old-growth savannas in India destroys and degrades herbaceous plant communities that do not spontaneously recover on fallowed land. Efforts to conserve India's native biodiversity should encompass the country's widespread savanna biome and seek to limit conversion of irreplaceable old-growth savannas.</p>
Data for: Increasing aridity may threaten the maintenance of a plant defense polymorphism
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Data from: Predictive mapping to identify refuges for plant communities threatened by earthworm invasion
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Genetic diversity matters for restoration of a threatened saltmarsh plant in harsh environments
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Plant responses to a re-emergence of cultural burning in long-unburnt, threatened temperate woodlands
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Tillage agriculture and afforestation threaten tropical savanna plant communities across a broad rainfall gradient in India
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Summer aridity rather than management shapes fitness-related functional traits of the threatened mountain plant Arnica montana
<p>Semi-natural mountain grasslands are increasingly exposed to environmental stress under climate change. However, which are the environmental factors that limit plants in these grasslands? Also, is the present management effective against these changes? Fitness-related functional traits may offer a way to detect changes in performance and provide new insights into their vulnerability to climate change. We investigated changes in performance and variability of functional traits of the mountain grassland target species <em>Arnica montana</em> along a climate gradient in Central German low mountain ranges. This gradient represents at its lower end climate conditions that are expected at its upper end under future climate change. We measured vegetative, generative and physiological traits to account for multiple ways of plant response to the environment. Using mixed effects and multivariate models, we evaluated changes in trait values among individuals as well as the variability of their populations in order to assess performance under changing summer aridity and different management regimes.</p> <p>Fitness-related performance of most traits showed strongly positive associations with reduced summer aridity at higher elevations, while only specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content showed no association. This suggests a higher performance level at less arid montane sites and that the physiological traits are less sensitive to this climate change factor. The coefficient of variation of almost all traits declined steadily with decreasing site aridity. We suggest that this reduced variability indicates a lower environmental stress level for <em>A. montana</em> towards its environmental optimum at montane elevations, especially because the trait performance increased simultaneously. Surprisingly, management factors and habitat characteristics had only low influence on both trait performance and variability. In summary, summer aridity had a stronger effect to shape the trait performance and variability of <em>A. montana</em> under increased environmental stress than management and other habitat characteristics.</p>
Data from: Anthropogenic disturbance and rainfall variation threaten the stability of plant‐ant interactions in the Brazilian Caatinga
Climate change is projected to exacerbate the effects of anthropogenic disturbance, with negative impacts on ecosystem stability and functioning. We evaluate the additive and combined effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD) and rainfall variation on the temporal stability of mutualistic EFN‐bearing plant‐ant networks in a Caatinga dry forest. We evaluated whether changes in the stability of these interactions are driven by changes in the stability of the communities of partners involved and/or in ant behavior. We sampled EFN‐bearing plant‐ant networks in sixteen 20m×20m plots distributed across CAD and rainfall gradients. The stability of EFN‐bearing plant and attendant‐ant communities were measured as the inverse of temporal differences in their community structure and composition. We also computed the stability of EFN‐bearing plant‐ant networks by measuring the inverse of temporal differences in network specialization metrics. We found that, in general, the structure and composition of plant and ant interacting communities were similarly stable along both environmental gradients. Only CAD and its interaction with rainfall affected the temporal stability of EFN‐bearing plant diversity, which declined as CAD increased, with a more pronounced relationship in wetter areas. However, variation in levels of CAD and, to a lesser extent, rainfall greatly modulated the stability of EFN‐bearing plant‐ant network specialization. CAD reduced the stability of network generality (specialization at the ant level), an effect that was much stronger in wetter areas. Meanwhile, the stability in network vulnerability (specialization at the plant level) decreased with the increase of CAD and the decrease of rainfall levels. Finally, there was a trend of decreasing stability in specialization of the overall network with increasing CAD. Our results suggest that changes in the structure of interaction networks are mainly driven by a switch in ant behavior rather than by changes in the structure and composition of plant and ant communities between years.
Data from: Plant – herbivorous beetle networks: molecular characterization of trophic ecology within a threatened steppic environment
DNA barcoding facilitates many evolutionary and ecological studies, including the examination of the dietary diversity of herbivores. In this study, we present a survey of ecological associations between herbivorous beetles and host plants from seriously threatened European steppic grasslands. We determined host plants for the majority (65%) of steppic leaf beetles (55 species) and weevils (59) known from central Europe using two barcodes (trnL and rbcL) and two sequencing strategies (Sanger for mono/oligophagous species and Illumina for polyphagous taxa). To better understand the ecological associations between steppic beetles and their host plants, we tested the hypothesis that leaf beetles and weevils differ in food selection as a result of their phylogenetic relations (within genera and between families) and interactions with host plants. We found 224 links between the beetles and the plants. Beetles belonging to seven genera feed on the same or related plants. Their preferences were probably inherited from common ancestors and/or resulted from the host plant's chemistry. Beetles from four genera feed on different plants, possibly reducing intrageneric competition and possibly due to an adaptation to different plant chemical defences. We found significant correlations between the numbers of leaf beetle and weevil species feeding on particular plants for polyphagous taxa, but not for nonpolyphagous beetles. Finally, we found that the previous identifications of host plants based on direct observations are generally concordant with host plant barcoding from insect gut. Our results expand basic knowledge about the trophic relations of steppic beetles and plants and are immediately useful for conservation purposes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.