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19 results for “three-dimensional fossils”
FIGURE 2 in Pushing the limits of neutron tomography in palaeontology: Three-dimensional modelling of in situ resin within fossil plants
FIGURE 2. Austrosequoia novae-zeelandiae (Ettingshausen, 1887) Mays et al., 2017, PL1227. 1) Transverse section of a partially exposed, desiccated ovulate cone. 2) Neutron tomographic reconstruction largely encapsulated in sedimentary matrix, white indicates high neutron attenuation, oblique-transverse view. 3) Volume rendering of neutron tomographic reconstruction, RNA = Relative Neutron Attenuation, grid texture on RNA spectrum indicates relative transparency, regions of highest neutron attenuation represent in situ resin within cone axis and minor enclaves of resin near the distal ends of the bract-scale complexes, desiccation exhibited by large gaps in coalified organic remains (blue/green), oblique-transverse view. 4) Greyscale histogram from neutron tomographic reconstruction of PL1227 (16-bit) these values represent the neutron attenuation of the reconstructed volume, colours and transparency textures as per Figure 2.3, threshold values presented in Table 2, the spectrum has been cropped at the extremes for this graphical representation. See Appendix for an animation of the virtually extracted specimen illustrated in Figure 2.3.
FIGURE 1. 1 in Pushing the limits of neutron tomography in palaeontology: Three-dimensional modelling of in situ resin within fossil plants
FIGURE 1. 1) Map of eastern Zealandia including New Zealand and the Chatham Islands, grey areas = emergent, grey outline = 2000 m isobath, boxed area is displayed in Figure 1.2. 2) Map of the Chatham Islands, grey areas = emergent, boxed area is displayed in Figure 1.3. 3) Geological map of the Waihere Bay area, northwest Pitt Island, fossil locality recorded in this study is indicated, age estimates from the following sources: Tupuangi Formation (Mildenhall, 1994; Mays and Stilwell, 2013), Kahuitara Tuff (Mildenhall, 1994; Stilwell, 1998), other estimates (Campbell et al., 1993; Panter et al., 2006). Modified from figures 1 and 3 of Mays et al. (2015b) with permission.
FIGURE 3 in Pushing the limits of neutron tomography in palaeontology: Three-dimensional modelling of in situ resin within fossil plants
FIGURE 3. Artist's reconstruction of ovuliferous cone and fertile shoot of Austrosequoia novae-zeelandiae (Ettingshausen, 1887) Mays et al., 2017, artist: Mali Moir.
FIGURE 5 in A novel application of the white light/fringe projection duo: recovering high precision three-dimensional images from fossils for the digital preservation of morphology
FIGURE 5. Processed views of a fossil sample acquired by the optical FPP system OTY. Each view is re-oriented 60º degrees with respect to the prior. Where: "a" indicates a zone that has no information at 60º in this stage of the process and will be corrected with the information of the next view, as is shown in "b".
FIGURE 3 in A novel application of the white light/fringe projection duo: recovering high precision three-dimensional images from fossils for the digital preservation of morphology
FIGURE 3. Magnitude maps of the sample obtained every 60º for 8 and 128 pixels/period. The images show the resolution and detail levels given the number of fringes projected over the sample. The measurements' accuracy of surface and depth depends on the number of projected fringes, which include as many as the system can display (8 pixels/period for each fringe in this case). When the acquisition of details is difficult, a wider fringe is required (based on our sample size, we used 128 pixels).
FIGURE 1 in A novel application of the white light/fringe projection duo: recovering high precision three-dimensional images from fossils for the digital preservation of morphology
FIGURE 1. Optical set up specifications for fringe projection profilometry (FPP) used in this study for the recovery of a 3-D image of a hemimandible sample.
FIGURE 7 in A novel application of the white light/fringe projection duo: recovering high precision three-dimensional images from fossils for the digital preservation of morphology
FIGURE 7. Examples of analyses that can be performed with the obtained data from the fossils: 1) denoting the relief (emboss filter), 2) detecting edges and transitions (sobel filter), 3) study of the roughness and waviness of a sample (topography filter).
FIGURE 2 in A novel application of the white light/fringe projection duo: recovering high precision three-dimensional images from fossils for the digital preservation of morphology
FIGURE 2. Flowchart of the 'OTY' procedure employed in this study, where: α = angle (60º in this case), * = MBE algorithm (Gutiérrez-García et al., 2013), and ** = Goldstein algorithm. OTY: name given to the white light system together with the phase shifting algorithm filter, based on the fact that it was developed for use on Ototylomys samples (see main text).
FIGURE 6. Full 3-D in A novel application of the white light/fringe projection duo: recovering high precision three-dimensional images from fossils for the digital preservation of morphology
FIGURE 6. Full 3-D image of the reconstructed fossil after merging all the six views. 1) Cloud of points, 2) Final mesh.
FIGURE 4 in A novel application of the white light/fringe projection duo: recovering high precision three-dimensional images from fossils for the digital preservation of morphology
FIGURE 4. Process applied to recover the topography of the fossil sample. Where: 1) image captured by the CCD of the fringe projection on the sample, 2) wrapped phase obtained of the 8 frames after applying the MBE filter, 3) unwrapped phase map, 4) phase carrier compensation, and 5) surface of one of the views of the fossil recovered.
Data from: Stuck in the mud: experimental taphonomy and computed tomography demonstrate the critical role of sediment in stabilizing the three-dimensional external morphology of arthropod carcasses during early fossil diagenesis - DRAGONFLY sessions
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Stuck in the mud: experimental taphonomy and computed tomography demonstrate the critical role of sediment in three-dimensional carcass stabilization during early fossil diagenesis - TIFF stack data
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Data for: Three-dimensional fossils of a Cretaceous collared carpet shark (Parascylliidae, Orectolobiformes) shed light on skeletal evolution in galeomorphs
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Data from: Taphonomy of the Ediacaran fossil Pteridinium simplex preserved three-dimensionally in mass flow deposits, Nama Group, Namibia
Ediacara-type fossils are found in a diverse array of preservational styles, implying that multiple taphonomic mechanisms might have been responsible for their preservational expression. For many Ediacara fossils, the "death mask" model has been invoked as the primary taphonomic pathway. The key to this preservational regime is the replication or sealing of sediments around the degrading organisms by microbially induced precipitation of authigenic pyrite, leading toward fossil preservation along bedding planes. Nama-style preservation, on the other hand, captures Ediacaran organisms as molds and three-dimensional casts within coarse-grained mass flow beds, and has been previously regarded as showing little or no evidence of a microbial preservational influence. To further understand these two seemingly distinct taphonomic pathways, we investigated the three-dimensionally preserved Ediacaran fossil Pteridinium simplex from mass flow deposits of the upper Kliphoek Member, Dabis Formation, Kuibis Subgroup, southern Namibia. Our analysis, using a combination of petrographic and micro-analytical methods, shows that Pteridinium simplex vanes are replicated with minor pyrite, but are most often represented by open voids that can be filled with secondary carbonate material; clay minerals are also found in association with the vanes, but their origin remains unresolved. The scarcity of pyrite and the development of voids are likely related to oxidative weathering and it is possible that microbial activities and authigenic pyrite may have contributed to the preservation of Pteridinium simplex; however, any microbes growing on P. simplex vanes within mass flow deposits were unlikely to have formed thick mats as envisioned in the death mask model. Differential weathering of replicating minerals and precipitation of secondary minerals greatly facilitate fossil collection and morphological characterization by allowing Pteridinium simplex vanes to be parted from the massive hosting sandstone.
Data from: Three-dimensional morphological analysis of a Parahaentzschelinia-like trace fossil
Serial grinding and three-dimensional reconstruction of aff. Parahaentzschelinia trace fossils from the Ordovician Winterhouse Formation reveals complex tiered network systems associated with more typical Parahaentzschelinia-like conical bundles of sub-vertical tubes. The morphological complexity of the burrow system is interpreted as an indication of the diverse behaviour of the trace-making organism. This organism is inferred to have exploited organic matter within the sand-rich event beds as well as in muddier beds above and below the sandstone beds using a variety of behaviours. Potential burrow irrigation and microbial cultivation associated with gardening behaviour is also inferred. The trace-making organism is unknown, but comparisons are drawn between the structures observed herein and those produced by both modern polychaetes and bivalves.
Data from: Three-dimensional morphological analysis of a Parahaentzschelinia-like trace fossil
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Data from: Taphonomy of the Ediacaran fossil Pteridinium simplex preserved three-dimensionally in mass flow deposits, Nama Group, Namibia
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Data from: Using three-dimensional geometric morphometric and dental topographic analyses to infer the systematics and paleoecology of fossil treeshrews (Mammalia, Scandentia)
<p>Treeshrews are small, Indomalayan mammals closely related to primates. Previously, three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses were used to assess patterns of treeshrew lower second molar morphology, which showed that the position of molar landmarks covaries with intraordinal systematics. Another analysis used dental topographic metrics to test patterns of functional dental morphology and found that molar curvature, complexity, and relief were an effective means for examining patterns of variation in treeshrew dietary ecology. Here, we build on these analyses by adding two fossil taxa; <i>Prodendrogale yunnanica</i>, from the Miocene of China and <i>Ptilocercus kylin</i> from the Oligocene of China. Our results show that <i>Pr. yunnanica</i> had a dental bauplan more like that of a tupaiid than that of a ptilocercid, but that the extant tupaiids, including <i>Tupaia</i> and <i>Dendrogale</i>, are more similar to one another in this regard than any are to <i>Prodendrogale. </i>This is contrary to our expectations as <i>Prodendrogale </i>is hypothesized to be most closely related to <i>Dendrogale. Ptilocercus kylin, </i>which has been proposed to be the sister taxon of <i>Pt. lowii,</i> is characterized by dental morphology like that of <i>Pt. lowii </i>in crest and cuspal position but is interpreted to have been more frugivorous. It has been claimed that <i>Ptilocercus </i>has undergone little morphological change through time. Our results suggest that <i>Pt. kylin</i> was more ecologically distinct from <i>Pt. lowii</i> than previously proposed, providing a glimpse into a more complex evolutionary history of that group than had been inferred.</p>
Data from: Using three-dimensional geometric morphometric and dental topographic analyses to infer the systematics and paleoecology of fossil treeshrews (Mammalia, Scandentia)
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.