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154 results for “timber”
Timber Harvesting Field Study in Western Massachusetts 2004-2005
Forest harvesting is one of the most significant disturbances affecting forest plant composition and structure in Western Massachusetts, yet few studies have quantified the effects of harvesting in this region. Massachusetts requires all commercial harvest operations above 87 m3 to file a Forest Cutting Plan (FCP) with the state. We have digitized these FCPs (see McDonald et al. 2006), covering all harvests from 1984 to 2003. Our study area is Massachusetts west of the coastal basin, as defined by Motts and O’Brian (1981). We selected 126 sites for sampling. Two-thirds of the sites (89) were harvested once between 1984 and 2003, and these were selected randomly from the larger FCP database. The remaining one-third of the sites (37) were control sites selected randomly from all unharvested forest in the study area. The boundaries for our field surveys were those filed with the FCP for harvested sites, and were circular for control sites, proportional in size to the mean FCP in the physiographic region (Motts and O'Brien 1981): Connecticut River Valley (10.7 ha), Central Upland (11.3 ha), Berkshire Valley and Taconic Mountains (12.6 ha), and the Western Upland (15.9 ha). Note that our sampled sites were well-dispersed over the study area, and encompassed the variety of past agricultural land-use.
Timber Harvesting Study in North Quabbin Region of Central Massachusetts 1984-2001
Although the northeastern U.S. includes extensive areas of aggrading forest, uncertainty regarding the intensity and pattern of forest harvesting hampers an understanding of important ecological processes and characteristics such as carbon and nitrogen storage, habitat quality, and forest dynamics, and impedes regional conservation and management planning. Due to the complex ownership pattern dominated by thousands of non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners and the difficulty of detecting selective logging using remote sensing, details of the harvesting regime remain largely unknown to the scientific and policy communities. To examine the value of statewide regulatory data for Massachusetts as a unique source of this critical information, we analyzed 17 years of timber harvest data gathered for regulatory purposes for a 168,000-ha forested landscape in Massachusetts that is the focus of concerted conservation planning and intensive study of landscape and ecosystem pattern and process. The North Quabbin Region is heavily wooded with a complicated ownership pattern dominated by over 2,500 NIPF owners, three state agencies, and diverse conservation and municipal holdings. The extent and intensity of harvesting were surprising, with an annual disturbance rate of 1.5% and a mean intensity of 44.7 m3 ha-1 (approximately one-fourth of average stand volume). The predominant form of harvesting was selective removal of commercially valuable tree sizes, grades and species (e.g., Quercus rubra and Pinus strobus). The spatial pattern of logging was random with regards to major physical, biological, or cultural factors. However, logging was strongly related to landowner class. NIPF owners control 60% of the forest area and were responsible for 64.1% of harvest area, but the highest logging intensity (volume per area harvested; 69.3 m3 ha-1) among major landowners was conducted by the state agency responsible for managing southern New England's largest conservation property, t
Massachusetts Timber Harvesting Study 1984-2003
Sustainability of the forest at a regional scale in landscapes dominated by non-industrial private forest (NIPF) ownership depends on the often-independent actions and behaviors of thousands of private families and individuals. These NIPF lands comprise the dominant forest ownership in many parts of the United States, and represent an important part of the greater forest landscape matrix even in parts of the region where industrial and/or public lands dominate. In northeastern states, NIPF lands can represent 75% or more of total forest area. While forest landowner attitudinal survey work in the past several decades has explored reasons for ownership, motivations, and perspectives on traditional management (e.g., do you intend to harvest in the next 10 years?), little if any study has focused on attitudes and, importantly, documented behaviors related to sustainability on their lands. Some landowner attitudes pertaining to the notion of sustainability can be inferred from earlier work (e.g., documented interest in wildlife habitat and nature, aesthetics, and privacy), but these do not directly link to sustainability or timber productivity on their own lands. As the urban-rural interface expands from metropolitan centers, though this wooded landscape may appear to be forested from the air, it no longer sustains a number of benefits upon which society has grown to depend. In particular, timber harvesting declines as a viable and sustainable land use activity. We seek to: 1. Study the decision-making process, priorities, and behaviors of different types of NIPF owners, in terms of sustainable harvesting, and sale/ development; 2. Use landscape-scale spatial data and associated demographic data to assess the extent to which such landscapes can remain sustainable producers of wood products in the face of expanding urban/ suburban influence; and 3. study sites that have sustained harvests and document the successional trajectory, in an effort to estimate the future compos
Database of measurements for damage detection of T-type timber structural joint by Coaxial Correlation Method in 6-D space
<p>This database includes series of measurements of the structure's response taken in six-dimensional space using two 6D sensors, coaxially positioned on either side of the investigated joint between two timber beams connected at an angle of 90⁰. Presented data related to seven different states of joints, five load levels, and two type of input signal (short impulse and sweep signal with duration 0.5 seconds). In the "<strong>Read_me_first.pdf</strong>" is described the experiment, the format of .csv files names and files' structure.</p>
Database of measurements for damage detection of panel-to-panel moment joints in timber structures by Coaxial Correlation Method
<p>This database includes series of measurements of the structure's response taken in six-dimensional space using two 6D sensors, coaxially positioned in two different ways on either side of the investigated panel-to-panel connection. Presented data related to ten different states of joints, two load levels, and two type of input signal (short impulse and sweep signal with duration 0.5 seconds with frequency range from 10 Hz to 2000 Hz). In the "<strong>Read_me_first.pdf</strong>" is described the experiment, the format of .csv files names and files' structure.</p><p>Used materials, methods and results for the case of static load equal to 151.8 kg with sweep-type input signal, and T2 scheme of sensors placement is described in Kurtenoks, V.; Kurajevs, A.; Buka-Vaivade, K.; Serdjuks, D.; Lapkovskis, V.; Mironovs, V.; Podkoritovs, A.; Vilnitis, M. The Quality Assessment of Timber Structural Joints Using the Coaxial Correlation Method. <i>Buildings</i> <strong>2023</strong>, <i>13</i>, 1929. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081929</p>
Relevance of criteria and indicators for sustainable timber harvesting
<p>For well-founded decisions in sustainable timber harvesting, it is important to know the preferences of the different stakeholders. The concept of sustainable timber harvesting is to incorporate economic, social, and environmental criteria in the selection, execution and assessment of harvesting operations. In a previous study, 33 criteria were identified by forest experts as relevant for evaluating sustainability. To assess the importance of these criteria, an online survey was conducted among Austrian stakeholders between April and May 2023, in which 610 people were invited to participate and which resulted in a response rate of 47%.</p> <p>The survey participants were primarily male (94%), with an average age of 47 and an average of 20 years of work experience. The key criteria for sustainable harvesting that were unanimously mentioned by the stakeholders on the basis of a Likert scale, included occupational hazards, residual stand damage, loss of wood quality due to poor work performance, biomass regeneration, water erosion, noise exposure, soil rutting, physical workload, working conditions, and vibration exposure. These identified preferences will inform the development of a decision support model for sustainable timber harvesting using these criteria as input parameters.</p>
Supplementary data to Dating the timbers from the 'Sparrow-Hawk', a shipwreck from Cape Cod, USA. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 103374
<p>This record gives access to all supplementary data that forms the background to the paper: Daly, A., Hocker, F. & Mires, C., 2022. Dating the timbers from the ‘Sparrow-Hawk’, a shipwreck from Cape Cod, USA. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103374</p> <p>In 1626, a vessel making its way to Virginia was forced off course and damaged in a storm, which drove the ship onto the eastern shore of the Cape Cod peninsula, Massachusetts. Onboard were two English merchants and some servants and farmers, many of whom were Irish. In 1863, a storm exposed the weathered remains of a vessel at Old Ship Harbor. At the time, it was hailed as the same ship that had brought the Virginia-bound passengers to Plymouth in 1626. Recent wiggle-match C14 dating and dendrochronology suggests that this is indeed a ship from the early seventeenth century.</p>
Supplementary table 1 for 'Imperial timber? Dendrochronological evidence for large-scale road building along the Roman limes in the Netherlands' (2015)
<p>This supplementary table to Visser(2015) was not openly available. This dataset provides the supplementary table in the open ODS-format and also as XLS and CSV.</p> <div> <div>Publication: Visser, RM. 2015 Imperial timber? Dendrochronological evidence for large-scale road building along the Roman limes in the Netherlands. <em>Journal of Archaeological Science</em> 53: 243–254. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.10.017">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.10.017</a>.</div> </div>
Sediment Budget for Timber Harvest in a California Coastal Watershed
<p>Dataset for Publication: Sediment Budget for Timber Harvest in a California Coastal Watershed</p> <p> </p>
Data and Supplementary Information : timber ressource dynamics in West African cocoa agroforestry systems
<p>Here we present three datasets (growthDB.csv, heightDB.csv and volumeDB.csv) describing 59 tree species used for wood production in cocoa Agroforestry System (AFS) in Côte d'Ivoire (West Afica). Our dataset includes a total of 4,634 trees: 2530 spontaneous and 2104 (trans)planted. </p> <p>We provide three table (per datasets in .csv format) with the following column per tree:</p> <p>- gensp: species latin names</p> <p>- dbh : tree diameter at breast height (cm)</p> <p>- age: tree age (years)</p> <p>- origin: tree origin (spontaneous or (trans)planted)</p> <p>- WDmean : tree wood density (g.cm³)</p> <p>- clus: study sites</p> <p>- indsp : species index</p> <p>- indclus : sites index</p> <p>- hlog: tree bole height (m)</p> <p>- vol : tree bole volume (m³)</p> <p>We also provide, the STAN code (models.stan) to assess the wood production potential of trees in cocoa AFS: (i) a model describing the diameter growth trajectories of trees as a function of their age, (ii) a model evaluating the relationship between tree diameter and bole height, and (iii) a model assessing the commercial volume of trees as a function of their diameter and bole height.</p> <p>Finally, we present additional tables and figures in Supplementary Information.pdf.</p>
Scans dataset for evaluation of AR-based assembly pipeline of half-timber dry-stone structures
<p><strong>Dataset description</strong></p> <p><em>The dataset is realized by the EPFL Laboratories of IBOIS, and EESD on the occasion of joint collaboration with the common goal of exploring augmented reality (AR)-based fabrication for half-timber dry-stone construction. It is open sourced and free to be used for anyone's own research.</em></p> <p>The current dataset has been employed to evaluate the designed digital fabrication pipeline. It consists of raw point clouds and reconstructed models of two digitized prototypes of one-layered dry-stone structures with a 1.7 m length, ~0.6 height, and 0.7 m width, each with a different composition of building units. The first wall presents 40 mineral by-products uniquely from by-products of quarry processes involving sawing and water-cutting. In contrast, the second wall features 30 mineral scraps issued from all mixed quarry's operations of transformations.</p> <p>The collection contains both the reconstructed models of the as-built artifacts and the corresponding recorded model of the AR-guided assembly processes for the two walls. The recorded model contains meshes of the placed stones accordingly to the developed geometric planner. By comparing the misalignment between each stone of both models (e.g. Root Mean Square Error distances between two set of points) is possible to obtain metrics about the performance of the proposed AR-assembly method.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Dataset labeling guide</strong></p> <table summary="test2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="row">label</th> <th scope="col">content</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">01/02</th> <td>First or second wall.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">rs</th> <td>Raw data: unprocessed scans.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">ab</th> <td>As-built model: model presenting all the registered stones.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">rc</th> <td>Recorded model: collection of tracked stones during the construction. Each stone has being placed following the AR system is recorded in this sub-set.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">ev</th> <td>Evaluation set: documentation and working files for the evaluation of the developed AR assembly system.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">colored_stone</th> <td>Evaluation set outcome: a graphical representation of the misalignment between each stone of the as-built model (ab) with the recorded model (rc).</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p><strong>Equipement specs</strong></p> <p>All the raw scans present in the dataset have been obtained from a FARO Freestyle 2 equipped with a Mobile PC for live point cloud processing.</p> <pre><code>@manual{farofreestyle2, title = {FARO Freestyle 2 and Mobile PC}, year = 2022, month = feb, note = {User Manual}, organization = {FARO Technologies Inc.}, url = {https://downloads.faro.com/index.php/s/sqcRBipgSy9GaEq?dir=undefined&openfile=138985} } </code></pre> <p> </p> <p><strong>For extra info</strong></p> <p>The open-sourced code for the developed AR assembly:</p> <pre><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7181087">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7181087</a></pre> <p>The complete dataset of digitized mineral scraps:</p> <pre><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7189478">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7189478</a></pre> <p> </p> <p><strong>Version notes</strong></p> <p>- The current dataset is published as linked documentation to a future publication, yet not reviewed.</p> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <p>- Typos</p> <p>- Correct order of authors</p>
Supporting Online Data for 'Timber trade in the United States of America 1870 to 2017. A socio-metabolic analysis'
<p>This data file (.xlsx) contains all data used to create tables and figures of the study "Timber trade in the United States of America 1870 to 2017. A socio-metabolic analysis". Main article is available under: https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2024.2316039</p>
MADERA: A standardized Pan-Amazonian dataset for tropical timber species
<p>We compiled and presented a dataset for all timber species reported in the Amazon region from all nine South American Amazonian countries. This was based on official information from every country, as well as from two substantial scientific references. We verified the standard taxonomic names from each individual source, using the Taxonomic Name Resolution Service (TNRS) and considered all Amazonian tree species with DBH ≥ 10 cm. We also obtained estimates of the current population size for most species from a published approach based on data from 1,900 tree inventory plots (1-hectare each) distributed across the Amazon region and part from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). We then identified the hyperdominant timber species. In addition, we overlapped our timber species list with data for species that are used for commercial purposes, according to the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) taxa assessment and Red List categories. Finally, we also included IUCN Red List categories based on combined deforestation, and climate change scenarios for these species. Our final Amazonian timber species dataset contains 1,112 unique species records, which belong to 337 genera and 72 families from the lowland Amazonian rainforest, with associated information related to population, conservation, and trade status of each species. The authors of this research expect that the information provided will be useful to strengthen the public forestry policies of the Amazon countries, inform ecological studies, as well for forest management purposes. </p>
Data and statistical code for "Reconciling biodiversity with timber production and revenue via an intensive forest management experiment"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Understanding how land-management intensification shapes the relationships between biodiversity, yield and economic benefit is critical for managing natural resources. Yet, manipulative experiments that test how herbicides affect these relationships are scarce, particularly in forest ecosystems where considerable time lags exist between harvest revenue and initial investments. We assessed these relationships by combining 7 years of biodiversity surveys (>800 taxa) and forecasts of timber yield and economic return from a replicated, large-scale experiment that manipulated herbicide application intensity in operational timber plantations. Herbicides reduced species richness across trophic groups (-18%), but responses by higher-level trophic groups were more variable (0–38% reduction) than plant responses (-40%). Financial discounting, a conventional economic method to standardize past and future cashflows, strongly modified biodiversity-revenue relationships caused by management intensity. Despite a projected 28% timber yield gain with herbicides, biodiversity-revenue tradeoffs were muted when opportunity costs were high (i.e., economic discount rates ≥7%). Although herbicides can drive biodiversity-yield tradeoffs, under certain conditions, financial discounting provides opportunities to reconcile biodiversity conservation with revenue.</p>
Supplementary material for "AR-assisted timber drilling with smart retrofitted tools"
<p>The dataset contains point clouds from 3D scans, reconstructed 3D data, and statistical data analysis, which are intended as complementary material for the publication "AR-assisted timber drilling with smart retrofitted tools". </p>
Climate targets in European timber-producing countries conflict with goals on forest ecosystem services and biodiversity
<p>The repository contains the data and codes supporting the findings of the study:<strong> </strong>Climate targets in European timber-producing countries conflict with goals on forest ecosystem services and biodiversity, which can be found in the zip file "<strong>euclimate_vs_natpolicy-main.zip"</strong>. </p> <p>Further, the repository includes the raw forest simulation data used as input for the multi-objective optimizations and the raw optimization outputs of each study region. The codes to run the national optimization can be retrieved from <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631109">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631109</a>.</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>The European Union (EU) set clear climate change mitigation targets to reach climate neutrality, accounting for forests and their woody biomass resources. We investigated the consequences of increased harvest demands resulting from EU climate targets. We analysed the impacts on national policy objectives for forest ecosystem services and biodiversity through empirical forest simulation and multi-objective optimization methods. We show that key European timber-producing countries – Finland, Sweden, Germany (Bavaria) – cannot fulfil the increased harvest demands linked to the ambitious 1.5°C target. Potentials for harvest increase only exists in the studied region Norway. However, focusing on EU climate targets conflicts with several national policies and causes adverse effects on multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity. We argue that the role of forests and their timber resources in achieving climate targets and societal decarbonization should not be overstated. Our study provides insight for other European countries challenged by conflicting policies and supports policymakers.</p>
Ecological niche models for American black bear, Rafinesque's big-eared bat, and timber rattlesnake
<p>This data set contains rasters that are predictive environmental suitability maps for three wildlife species: the American black bear (<i>Ursus americanus</i>), Rafinesque's big-eared bat (<i>Corynorhinus rafinesquii</i>), and Timber rattlesnake (<i>Crotalus horridus</i>). Rasters for each species include: individual prediction maps for each of 5 ENMs (GBM: generalized boosting model, GLM: generalized linear model, MARS: multivariate adaptive regression spline, MX: maximum entropy, and RF: random forest), as well as the ensemble prediction map from all five ecological niche models (ENMs).</p>
Least-cost habitat linkages for American black bear, Rafinesque's big-eared bat, and timber rattlesnake.
<p>This data set contains 3 shapefiles and associated files that map linkages, which are least-cost paths between adjacent habitat cores for three wildlife species in the Southeastern U.S. The species are: the American black bear (Ursus americanus), Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii), and Timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). We mapped habitat cores based on c. 2006 land cover, then used LinkageMapper software to identify least-cost paths between them, and buffered the least-cost paths by 2.5 km using ArcGIS, for a total width of 5 km. The buffered least-cost paths are the linkages provided here. The attribute tables for these shapefiles contain fields that describe the importance of each linkage to the overall habitat connectivity network, contemporary and future average modeled habitat suitability within the linkage, change in average proportion suitable, percent of urban land within the linkage, percent of linkage that is protected for conservation, and categorical values for climate threat, whether the linkage was designated as highly important, protection status, and future urbanization threat.</p>
Data repository for Global wood harvest is sufficient for climate-friendly transitions to timber cities
<p><strong>Supplementary Information S2</strong></p> <p><strong>Global wood harvest is sufficient for climate-friendly transitions to timber cities | <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01605-w" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nature Sustainability</a></strong></p> <p>Alperen Yayla <sup>1,a</sup>; Adam R. Mason <sup>1,b</sup>; Junyang Wang <sup>1,2,c</sup>; Stijn van Ewijk <sup>3,d</sup>; Rupert J. Myers <sup>1,e,*</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup> Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom</p> <p><sup>2</sup> Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom</p> <p><sup>3</sup> Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom</p> <p>* Corresponding author</p> <p><sup>a </sup><a href="mailto:a.yayla22@imperial.ac.uk">a.yayla22@imperial.ac.uk</a>, <sup>b</sup> <a href="mailto:a.mason19@imperial.ac.uk">a.mason19@imperial.ac.uk</a>, <sup>c</sup> <a href="mailto:junyang.wang21@imperial.ac.uk">junyang.wang21@imperial.ac.uk</a>, <sup>d</sup> <a href="mailto:s.vanewijk@ucl.ac.uk">s.vanewijk@ucl.ac.uk</a>, <sup>e</sup> <a href="mailto:r.myers@imperial.ac.uk">r.myers@imperial.ac.uk</a>.</p>
Growth traits of a tropical timber species at Southeast Asia, Shorea macrophylla, and scripts for genome wide association study and genomic prediction
<p><em><span>Shorea macrophylla</span></em><span> is a commercially important tropical tree species grown for timber and oil. It is amenable to plantation forestry due to its fast initial growth. Genomic selection (GS) has been used in tree breeding studies to shorten long breeding cycles but has not previously been applied to <em>S. macrophylla</em>. To build genomic prediction models for GS, leaves and growth trait data were collected from a half-sib progeny population of <em>S. macrophylla</em> in Sari Bumi Kusuma forest concession, central Kalimantan, Indonesia. 18037 SNP markers were identified in two ddRAD-seq libraries. Genomic prediction models based on these SNPs were then generated for breast height and total height in the 7th year from planting (D7 and H7). These traits were chosen because of their relatively high narrow-sense genomic heritability and because seven years was considered long enough to assess initial growth. Genomic prediction models were built using 12 methods with the full set of identified SNPs and subsets of 48, 96, and 192 SNPs selected based on the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The GBLUP and RKHS methods gave the highest predictive ability (PA) for D7 and H7 and showed that D7 has an additive genetic architecture while H7 has an epistatic genetic architecture. LightGBM and CNN1D also achieved high PA for D7 with 48 and 96 selected SNPs, and for H7 with 96 and 192 selected SNPs, showing that gradient boosting decision trees and deep learning can be useful in genomic prediction. For almost all methods and both traits, PA was higher when SNPs were selected based on their GWAS P-values than when using the full set of SNPs. These results suggest that GS with GWAS-based SNP selection could be used in <em>S. macrophylla </em>breeding to improve initial growth and reduce genotyping costs for next generation seedlings.</span></p>
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