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19 results for “timber species”
MADERA: A standardized Pan-Amazonian dataset for tropical timber species
<p>We compiled and presented a dataset for all timber species reported in the Amazon region from all nine South American Amazonian countries. This was based on official information from every country, as well as from two substantial scientific references. We verified the standard taxonomic names from each individual source, using the Taxonomic Name Resolution Service (TNRS) and considered all Amazonian tree species with DBH ≥ 10 cm. We also obtained estimates of the current population size for most species from a published approach based on data from 1,900 tree inventory plots (1-hectare each) distributed across the Amazon region and part from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). We then identified the hyperdominant timber species. In addition, we overlapped our timber species list with data for species that are used for commercial purposes, according to the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) taxa assessment and Red List categories. Finally, we also included IUCN Red List categories based on combined deforestation, and climate change scenarios for these species. Our final Amazonian timber species dataset contains 1,112 unique species records, which belong to 337 genera and 72 families from the lowland Amazonian rainforest, with associated information related to population, conservation, and trade status of each species. The authors of this research expect that the information provided will be useful to strengthen the public forestry policies of the Amazon countries, inform ecological studies, as well for forest management purposes. </p>
Growth traits of a tropical timber species at Southeast Asia, Shorea macrophylla, and scripts for genome wide association study and genomic prediction
<p><em><span>Shorea macrophylla</span></em><span> is a commercially important tropical tree species grown for timber and oil. It is amenable to plantation forestry due to its fast initial growth. Genomic selection (GS) has been used in tree breeding studies to shorten long breeding cycles but has not previously been applied to <em>S. macrophylla</em>. To build genomic prediction models for GS, leaves and growth trait data were collected from a half-sib progeny population of <em>S. macrophylla</em> in Sari Bumi Kusuma forest concession, central Kalimantan, Indonesia. 18037 SNP markers were identified in two ddRAD-seq libraries. Genomic prediction models based on these SNPs were then generated for breast height and total height in the 7th year from planting (D7 and H7). These traits were chosen because of their relatively high narrow-sense genomic heritability and because seven years was considered long enough to assess initial growth. Genomic prediction models were built using 12 methods with the full set of identified SNPs and subsets of 48, 96, and 192 SNPs selected based on the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The GBLUP and RKHS methods gave the highest predictive ability (PA) for D7 and H7 and showed that D7 has an additive genetic architecture while H7 has an epistatic genetic architecture. LightGBM and CNN1D also achieved high PA for D7 with 48 and 96 selected SNPs, and for H7 with 96 and 192 selected SNPs, showing that gradient boosting decision trees and deep learning can be useful in genomic prediction. For almost all methods and both traits, PA was higher when SNPs were selected based on their GWAS P-values than when using the full set of SNPs. These results suggest that GS with GWAS-based SNP selection could be used in <em>S. macrophylla </em>breeding to improve initial growth and reduce genotyping costs for next generation seedlings.</span></p>
Original figure plates for "First fossil species of ship-timber beetles (Coleoptera, Lymexylidae) from Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine)"
<p>Original figure plates for "<strong>First fossil species of ship-timber beetles (Coleoptera, Lymexylidae) from Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine)</strong>".</p> <p>Abstract. A new lymexylid fossil species, †<em>Raractocetus sverlilo</em> Nazarenko, Perkovsky & Yamamoto, sp. nov., is described from late Eocene Rovno amber in Ukraine. This new species is similar to species of the recent genera <em>Atractocerus</em> Palisot de Beauvois and <em>Raractocetus</em> Kurosawa in the ship-timber beetle subfamily Atractocerinae, but differs in pronotal and elytral features. Notably, the new species is one of the smallest atractocerines known to date. This is the first member of the family Lymexylidae found in Rovno amber. Our finding sheds further light on the paleodiversity of atractocerine beetles, highlighting a peculiar distribution during the Eocene. Only one extant atractocerine specimen has been reported from Europe (Greece), while three species from Eocene European amber forests with equable climate are known now, including two species from the otherwise tropical genus <em>Raractocetus</em>. Our finding of the<em> Raractocetus</em> beetle from Rovno amber is of significant biogeographically because it indicates the wide distribution of the genus in the Eocene European amber forests.</p>
Exploring the potential of Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging and chemometrics to discriminate soil seed bank of two timber species central African : Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan, and Erythrophleum ivorense A. Chev.
<p>The data of this study are accessible by sending a request to the corresponding author at the email address: douhch382@gmail.com. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13908452" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13908452</a></p>
Global planted forest data for timber species
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Growth traits of a tropical timber species at Southeast Asia, Shorea macrophylla, and scripts for genome wide association study and genomic prediction
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Data from: Inbreeding depression affects the growth of seedlings of an African timber species with a mixed mating reproductive system, Pericopsis elata (Harms) Meeuwen
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Wood transverse cross-section micro-imagery from 77 commercial Central-African timber species
<p>The database is composed by a total of 1221 images of 77 Congolese timber species belonging to 58 genera and 25 families. Based on this list, the transverse sections of all available anatomical slides of the Tervuren Xylarium (Royal Museum for Central Africa) were inspected under the light microscope. Only sections free of cracks and artifacts (e.g., enclosed air bubbles), uniform in texture, sufficiently thin and free of staining agents were selected. Cross-sections were cut with a sliding microtome, dehydrated in a graded ethanol series (50%, 75%, 96% and 100%) and fixed with Euparal.</p> <p> </p> <p>Please cite as:</p> <p>Rosa da Silva, N., De Ridder, M., Baetens, J.M. <em>et al.</em> Automated classification of wood transverse cross-section micro-imagery from 77 commercial Central-African timber species. <em>Annals of Forest Science</em> 74, 30 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-017-0619-0</p>
Data from: Investigating the spatial, demographic, and genetic structures of Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms, a light-demanding African timber species
<p>Most Central African rainforest canopies consist of light-demanding tree species that hold high commercial value but also suffer locally from regeneration deficits, raising concerns about the sustainability of logging. Regeneration is influenced by factors such as past perturbations (including human activity), mating systems, and seed/pollen dispersal processes that impact demographic, spatial, and genetic structures within populations. To gain a better understanding of these interactions, we studied the spatial distribution and trunk diameter structure of <em><span>Cylicodiscus gabunensis</span></em> (Fabaceae) - a wind-dispersed, insect-pollinated, timber species - in three plots ranging from 400 to 839<span> </span>ha situated in various environmental contexts (e.g. forest types and elephant densities) across Central Africa. We also genotyped adults and juveniles using microsatellite markers to analyze the spatial genetic structure of each population and infer the selfing rate, seed and pollen dispersal capacities and selection gradients using the <span>'</span>neighborhood model<span>'</span>. The selfing rate was low (3 <span>–</span> 4<span> </span>%), and seed dispersal distances (<em><span>ds</span></em><span> </span>=<span> </span>184<span> </span>m) were much shorter than pollen dispersal distances (<em><span>dp</span></em><span> </span>><span> </span>2<span> </span>km). The three populations displayed contrasted spatial, demographic and genetic structures. One population showed no spatial aggregation or genetic structure, and a multimodal diameter structure indicating pulses of regeneration events. Two populations showed strong spatial aggregation and genetic structures. One exhibited a unimodal diameter structure indicating one ancient pulse of regeneration, while the other displayed a 'reverse J-shaped' diameter structure, typical of ongoing regeneration. In the latter, reproductive success appeared leptokurtic, three mother trees accounting for over 90<span> </span>% of the regeneration and no tree below the minimum cutting diameter implemented by logging companies had offspring. The idiosyncratic nature of population characteristics observed in <em><span>C. gabunensis</span></em> suggests that, for sustainable management, a nuanced approach is needed. This involves protecting productive seed trees in areas where natural regeneration is occurring and actively supporting regeneration in areas exhibiting deficits, especially in contexts with low elephant densities.</p>
Shear strength characterization and statistical modelling of 12 hardwood timber species from the Congo Basin
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Data from: Investigating the spatial, demographic, and genetic structures of Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms, a light-demanding African timber species
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Data from: Impacts of selective logging on inbreeding and gene flow in two Amazonian timber species with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics
Selective logging in Brazil allows for the removal of up to 90% of trees above 50 cm diameter of a given timber species, independent of a species' life history characteristics or how quickly it will recover. The genetic and demographic effects of selective logging on two Amazonian timber species (Dipteryx odorata Leguminosae, Jacaranda copaia Bignoniaceae) with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics were assessed in the same forest. Genetic diversity and gene flow were characterized by genotyping adults and seed sampled before and after logging, using hypervariable microsatellite markers. Overall, there were no short term genetic impacts on the J. copaia population, with commercial application of current Brazilian forest management regulations. In contrast, for D. odorata selective logging showed a range of genetic impacts, with a 10% loss of alleles, and reductions in siring by pollen from trees within the 546 ha study area (23% to 11%) and in the number of pollen donors per progeny array (2.8 to 1.6), illustrating the importance of the surrounding landscape. Asynchrony in flowering between D. odorata trees led to trees with no breeding partners, which could limit the species reproduction and regeneration under current regulations. The results are summarised with other published studies from the same site and the implications for forest management discussed. The different types and levels of impacts associated with each species support the idea that ecological and genetic information by species, ecological guild or reproductive group are essential in helping to derive sustainable logging guidelines for tropical forests.
Data from: Nest survival modeling using a multi-species approach in forests managed for timber and biofuel feedstock
1. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) intercropping is a novel forest management practice for biomass production intended to generate cellulosic feedstocks within intensively managed loblolly pine-dominated landscapes. These pine plantations are important for early-successional bird species, as short rotation times continually maintain early successional habitat. We tested the efficacy of using community models compared to individual surrogate species models in understanding influences on nest survival. We analysed nest data to test for differences in habitat use for 14 bird species in plots managed for switchgrass intercropping and controls within loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in Mississippi, USA. 2. We adapted hierarchical models using hyper-parameters to incorporate information from both common and rare species to understand community-level nest survival. This approach incorporates rare species that are often discarded due to low sample sizes, but can inform community-level demographic parameter estimates. We illustrate use of this approach in generating both species-level and community-wide estimates of daily survival rates for songbird nests. We were able to include rare species with low sample size (minimum n = 5) to inform a hyper-prior, allowing us to estimate effects of covariates on daily survival at the community level, then compare this with a single-species approach using surrogate species. Using single species models, we were unable to generate estimates below a sample size of 21 nests per species. 3. Community model species-level survival and parameter estimates were similar to those generated by five single species models, with improved precision in community model parameters. 4. Covariates of nest placement indicated that switchgrass at the nest site (< 4 m) reduced daily nest survival, although intercropping at the forest stand level increased daily nest survival. 5. Synthesis and applications. Community models represent a viable method for estimating community nest survival rates and effects of covariates while incorporating limited data for rarely detected species. Intercropping switchgrass in loblolly pine plantations slightly increased daily nest survival at the research plot scale (0.1 km2), although at a local scale (50 m2) switchgrass negatively influenced nest survival. A likely explanation supported by previous research is intercropping shifted community composition, favouring species with greater disturbance tolerance.
Assessing candidate DNA barcodes for Chinese and internationally traded timber species
<p>Accurate identification of species from timber is an essential step to help control illegal logging and forest loss. However, current approaches to timber identification based on morphological and anatomical characteristics have limited species resolution. DNA barcoding is a proven tool for plant species identification, but there is a need to build reliable reference data across broad taxonomic and spatial scales. Here, we construct a species barcoding library consisting of 1,550 taxonomically diverse timber species from 656 genera and 124 families, representing a comprehensive genetic reference data set for Chinese timber species and international commercial traded timber species, using four barcodes (<i>rbc</i>L, <i>mat</i>K, <i>trn</i>H–<i>psb</i>A, and ITS2). The ITS2 fragment was found to be the most efficient locus for Chinese timber species identification among the four barcodes tested, both at the species and genus level, despite its low recovery rate. Nevertheless, the barcode combination <i>mat</i>K+<i>trn</i>H–<i>psb</i>A+ITS2 was required as a complementary barcode to distinguish closely related species in complex datasets involving internationally traded timber species. Comparative analyses of family-level discrimination and species/genus ratios indicated that the inclusion of closely related species is an important factor affecting the resolution ability of barcodes for timber species verification. Our study indicates that although nuclear ITS2 is the most efficient single barcode for timber species authentication in China, complementary combinations like <i>mat</i>K+<i>trn</i>H–<i>psb</i>A+ITS2 are required to provide broader discrimination power. These newly-generated sequences enrich the existing publicly available databases, especially for tropical and subtropical evergreen timber trees and this current timber species barcode reference library can serve as an important genetic resource for forestry monitoring, illegal logging prosecution and biodiversity projects.</p>
Data from: Evaluation of candidate DNA barcoding loci for economically important timber species of the mahogany family (Meliaceae)
There has been considerable debate regarding locus choice for DNA barcoding land plants. This is partly attributable to a shortage of comparable data from proposed candidate loci on a common set of samples. In this study, we evaluated main candidate plastid regions (rpoC1, rpoB, accD) and additional plastid markers (psbB, psbN, psbT exons and the trnS-trnG spacer) as well as the nuclear ribosomal spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) in a group of land plants belonging to the mahogany family, Meliaceae. Across these samples, only ITS showed high levels of resolvability. Interspecific sharing of sequences from individual plastid loci was common. The combination of multiple loci did not improve performance. DNA barcoding with ITS alone revealed cryptic species and proved useful in identifying species listed in Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species appendixes.
Data from: Impacts of selective logging on inbreeding and gene flow in two Amazonian timber species with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics
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Data from: Nest survival modeling using a multi-species approach in forests managed for timber and biofuel feedstock
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Evaluation of candidate DNA barcoding loci for economically important timber species of the mahogany family (Meliaceae)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Assessing candidate DNA barcodes for Chinese and internationally traded timber species
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