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4 results for “timing of egg-laying”
Data from: Long-term, not short-term, temperatures predict timing of egg-laying in European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
<p>Temperature is thought to be an important supplemental cue used by female birds to time breeding. It is widely assumed that late spring temperatures, within ~1 month of egg-laying, are most predictive of laying date, consistent with the idea that temperature is used to fine-tune timing of breeding to year-specific local conditions at the time of laying. Here we show that a relatively broad, long-term, temperature window (Jan 2 – Apr 4, 92 days; r2 = 0.73) best predicted timing of egg-laying in European Starlings (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>). A "mid-winter" temperature window was also strongly correlated with laying date (r2 = 0.58) but there was no support for an influence of short-term temperatures immediately before egg-laying. We assessed the relationship between ambient temperature and timing of egg-laying using three complimentary approaches: a) an "unconstrained", exploratory analysis, b) a traditional sliding window approach, and c) specific, biologically-informed temperature windows. Our results contrast markedly with the widely held view, in the avian breeding phenology literature, that immediate, pre-breeding, temperatures best predict short-term variation in laying because they allow birds to fine-tune timing of breeding to local conditions around the time of egg-laying. This means that mechanisms that allow integration of long-term temperature information must exist in birds – perhaps most parsimoniously involving direct effects of temperature on growth of the bird's ectothermic insect prey– even though these are currently poorly characterized.</p>
Data from: Long-term, not short-term, temperatures predict timing of egg-laying in European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
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Data from: Timing of egg-laying in relation to a female's social environment in European starlings
<p>It is widely assumed that female birds use non-photic supplemental cues, including social factors, to fine-tune timing of egg-laying to local conditions, but our knowledge of the nature of these social cues and how they operate remains limited. We analyzed the relationship between a female's social environment (nearest neighbor distances, residency, female -and- network familiarity, synchrony) and variation in timing of egg-laying in European starlings (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>) using individual, residual laying date (controlling for annual variation) and temperature-independent residual laying date (accounting for the effect of ambient temperature on laying date). Female social environment varied systematically with overall spatial distribution of nest-boxes (linear vs clumped boxes) but this was not associated with spatial variation in laying date or temperature-independent residual laying date. We found no evidence for any relationships between individual variation in social environment and individual, residual laying date and only weak evidence for any association with individual, temperature-independent residual laying date. The latter was associated with a) nearest neighbor distances in the linear habitat, with females nesting closer to neighbors laying earlier than predicted by temperature, but not in the two clumped habitats, and b) neighbor familiarity: females with an intermediate number of returning females (3/8) laid closest to the predicted date. Finally, despite the fact that synchrony was not associated with other social environment metrics, females with lower laying synchrony among neighbors laid earlier than predicted by temperature. This suggests that some components of the female-female social environment could act as supplemental cues for timing of egg-laying.</p>
Data from: Timing of egg-laying in relation to a female's social environment in European starlings
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