Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
29
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
29 results for “toxin resistance”
Data for: Epistatic effects between amino acid insertions and substitutions mediate toxin-resistance of vertebrate Na+, K+-ATPases
<p>The recurrent evolution of resistance to cardiotonic steroids (CTS) across diverse animals most frequently involves convergent amino-acid substitutions in the H1-H2 extracellular loop of Na<sub>+</sub>, K<sub>+</sub>-ATPase (NKA). Previous work revealed that hystricognath rodents (e.g. chinchilla) and pterocliform birds (sandgrouse) have convergently evolved amino-acid insertions in the H1-H2 loop, but their functional significance was not known. Using protein engineering, we show that these insertions have distinct effects on CTS resistance in homologs of each of the two species that strongly depend on intramolecular interactions with other residues. Removing the insertion in the chinchilla NKA unexpectedly increases CTS resistance and decreases NKA activity. In the sandgrouse NKA, the amino acid insertion and substitution Q111R both contribute to an augmented CTS resistance without compromising ATPase activity levels. Molecular docking simulations provide additional insight into the biophysical mechanisms responsible for the context-specific mutational effects on CTS insensitivity of the enzyme. Our results highlight the diversity of genetic substrates that underlie CTS insensitivity in vertebrate NKA and reveal how amino-acid insertions can alter the phenotypic effects of point mutations at key sites in the same protein domain.</p>
Conspicuous coloration of toxin-resistant predators implicates additional trophic interactions in a predator-prey arms race
<p>Antagonistic coevolution between natural enemies can produce highly exaggerated traits, such as prey toxins and predator resistance. This reciprocal process of adaptation and counter-adaptation may also open doors to other evolutionary novelties not directly involved in the phenotypic interface of coevolution. We tested the hypothesis that predator-prey coevolution coincided with the evolution of conspicuous coloration on resistant predators that retain prey toxins. In western North America, common garter snakes (<em>Thamnophis sirtalis</em>) have evolved extreme resistance to tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the coevolutionary arms race with their deadly prey, Pacific newts (<em>Taricha spp.)</em>. TTX-resistant snakes can retain large amounts of ingested TTX, which could serve as a deterrent against the snakes' own predators if TTX toxicity and resistance are coupled with a conspicuous warning signal. We evaluated whether arms race escalation co-varies with bright red coloration in snake populations across the geographic mosaic of coevolution. Snake color variation departs from the neutral expectations of population genetic structure and co-varies with escalating clines of newt TTX and snake resistance at two coevolutionary hotspots. In the Pacific Northwest, bright red coloration fits an expected pattern of an aposematic warning to avian predators: TTX-resistant snakes that consume highly toxic newts also have relatively large, reddish-orange dorsal blotches. Snake coloration also seems to have evolved with the arms race in California, but overall patterns are less intuitively consistent with aposematism. These results suggest that interactions with additional trophic levels can generate novel traits as a cascading consequence of arms race coevolution across the geographic mosaic.</p>
Conspicuous coloration of toxin-resistant predators implicates additional trophic interactions in a predator-prey arms race
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for: Epistatic effects between amino acid insertions and substitutions mediate toxin-resistance of vertebrate Na+, K+-ATPases
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
No obvious relationship exists between the three kinds of AMPs and the resistance of Plutella xylostella larvae to Cry1Ac toxin.
<p>The leaf-dip method was used to test the resistance of <em>P. xylostella</em> larvae (DBM-F) to Cry1Ac toxin. Fifteen third-instar larvae were tested for each of four toxin concentrations, and the bioassays were replicated four times. Experiments in which control mortality exceeded 10% were repeated. The LC<sub>50</sub> values were calculated by Probit analysis. The AMPs or Cry1Ac toxin was fed to <em>P. xylostella</em> by the leaf-dip method: <em>Px</em>Def, <em>Px</em>Mor and <em>Px</em>Cec (5000 μg/mL) were fed to 3rd instar larvae separately, and their respective biological effects on <em>P. xylostella</em>, and the different proteins mentioned above (5000 μg/mL) were mixed with Cry1Ac toxin (5 μg/mL) and then fed to 3rd instar larvae to observe their respective effects on the virulence of Cry1Ac toxin. There were 3 replicates in each of the above treatments, with 15 third-instar larvae in each replicate. Biological data, including mortality (72 h), 4th instar, pupation rate, pupal weight, pupal length, pupal width, pupal stage, emergence rate, hatchability and adult longevity, were recorded for each treatment.</p>
CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of ABCC1 confers resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry2Ab in Helicoverpa armigera
<p>This data contains the Bt and insecticide bioassay results of ABCC1 knockout and wild-type strain of <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em>. Bioassay results revealed that the HaABCC1-KO strain exhibited >60-fold resistance to Cry2Ab toxin compared with the susceptible XJ strain, while no resistance has been recorded for Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Vip3A. Furthermore, the inheritance of <em>H. armigera</em> resistance to Cry2Ab was autosomal and completely recessive, significantly associated with the 4-nt deletion mutation of ABCC1 in the HaABCC1-KO strain. The relative growth of HaABCC1-KO and XJ strain also confirmed the role of <em>HaABCC1 </em>on the toxicity of Cry2Ab.</p>
Infiltrations of OnaBotulinum Toxin A in Resistant Depression: Comparison of Two Facial Injection Sites.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03484754. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Toxin-resistant isoforms of Na+/K+-ATPase in snakes do not closely track dietary specialization on toads
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Analysis of cytochrome P450 contribution to evolved plant toxin resistance in Drosophila sechellia
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Genetic hitchhiking and resistance evolution to transgenic Bt toxins: insights from the African stalk borer Busseola fusca (Noctuidae)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Historical contingency in a multigene family facilitates adaptive evolution of toxin resistance
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Sentinel cells, symbiotic bacteria, and toxin resistance in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum
The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is unusual among eukaryotes in having both unicellular and multicellular stages. In the multicellular stage, some cells, called sentinels, ingest toxins, waste, and bacteria. The sentinel cells ultimately fall away from the back of the migrating slug, thus removing these substances from the slug. However, some D. discoideum clones called farmers carry commensal bacteria through the multicellular stage while others called non-farmers do not. Farmers profit from their beneficial bacteria. To prevent the loss of these bacteria, we hypothesize that sentinel cell numbers may be reduced in farmers and thus farmers may have a diminished capacity to respond to pathogenic bacteria or toxins. In support, we found that farmers have fewer sentinel cells compared to non-farmers. However, farmers produced no fewer viable spores when challenged with a toxin. These results are consistent with the beneficial bacteria, Burkholderia, providing protection against toxins. The farmers did not vary in spore production with and without a toxin challenge the way the non-farmers did, which suggests the costs of Burkholderia may be fixed while sentinel cells may be inducible. Therefore, the costs for non-farmers are only paid in the presence of the toxin. When the farmers were cured of their symbiotic bacteria with antibiotics, they behaved just like non-farmers in response to a toxin challenge. Thus, the advantages farmers gain from carrying bacteria include not just food and protection against competitors, but also protection against toxins.
Data from: New ways to acquire resistance – Imperfect convergence in insect adaptations to a potent plant toxin
Evolution of insensitivity to the toxic effects of cardiac glycosides has become a model in the study of convergent evolution, as five taxonomic orders of insects use the same few similar amino acid substitutions in the otherwise highly conserved Na,K-ATPase α. We here show that insensitivity in pyrgomorphid grasshoppers evolved along a slightly divergent path. As in other lineages, duplication of the Na,K-ATPase α gene paved the way for subfunctionalization: one copy maintains the ancestral, sensitive state while the other copy is resistant. Nonetheless, in contrast to all other investigated insects, the grasshoppers' resistant copy shows length variation by two amino acids in the first extracellular loop, the main part of the cardiac glycoside binding pocket. RT-qPCR analyses confirmed this copy is predominantly expressed in tissues exposed to the toxins, while the ancestral copy predominates in the nervous tissue. Functional tests with genetically engineered Drosophila Na,K-ATPases bearing the first extracellular loop of the pyrgomorphid genes showed the derived form to be highly resistant, while the ancestral state is sensitive. Thus, we report convergence in gene duplication and in the gene targets for toxin insensitivity, however the means to the phenotypic end have been novel in pyrgomorphid grasshoppers.
Data from: The effects of spatial structure, frequency dependence and resistance evolution on the dynamics of toxin-mediated microbial invasions
Recent evidence suggests that interference competition between bacteria shapes the distribution of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus in the lower nasal airway of humans, either by preventing colonization or by driving displacement. This competition within the nasal microbial community would add to known host factors that affect colonization. We tested the role of toxin-mediated interference competition in both structured and unstructured environments, by culturing S. aureus with toxin-producing or nonproducing Staphylococcus epidermidis nasal isolates. Toxin-producing S. epidermidis invaded S. aureus populations more successfully than nonproducers, and invasion was promoted by spatial structure. Complete displacement of S. aureus was prevented by the evolution of toxin resistance. Conversely, toxin-producing S. epidermidis restricted S. aureus invasion. Invasion of toxin-producing S. epidermidis populations by S. aureus resulted from the evolution of toxin resistance, which was favoured by high initial frequency and low spatial structure. Enhanced toxin production also evolved in some invading populations of S. epidermidis. Toxin production therefore promoted invasion by, and constrained invasion into, populations of producers. Spatial structure enhanced both of these invasion effects. Our findings suggest that manipulation of the nasal microbial community could be used to limit colonization by S. aureus, which might limit transmission and infection rates.
Data from: Milkweed butterfly resistance to plant toxins is linked to sequestration, not coping with a toxic diet
Insect resistance to plant toxins is widely assumed to have evolved in response to using defended plants as a dietary resource. We tested this hypothesis in the milkweed butterflies (Danaini) which have progressively evolved higher levels of resistance to cardenolide toxins based on amino acid substitutions of their cellular sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase). Using chemical, physiological, and caterpillar growth assays on diverse milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) and isolated cardenolides, we show that resistant Na+/K+-ATPases are not necessary to cope with dietary cardenolides. In contrast, sequestration of cardenolides in the body (as a defense against predators) is associated with the three levels of Na+/K+-ATPase resistance. To estimate the potential physiological burden of cardenolide sequestration without Na+/K+-ATPase adaptations, we applied haemolymph of sequestering species on isolated Na+/K+-ATPase of sequestering and nonsequestering species. Haemolymph cardenolides dramatically impair non-adapted Na+/K+-ATPase, but had systematically reduced effects on Na+/K+-ATPase of sequestering species. Our data indicate that major adaptations to plant toxins may be evolutionarily linked to sequestration, and may not necessarily be a means to eat toxic plants. Na+/K+-ATPase adaptations thus were a potential mechanism through which predators spurred the coevolutionary arms race between plants and insects.
Data from: Na+/K+-ATPase resistance and cardenolide sequestration: basal adaptations to host plant toxins in the milkweed bugs (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Sentinel cells, symbiotic bacteria, and toxin resistance in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Milkweed butterfly resistance to plant toxins is linked to sequestration, not coping with a toxic diet
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: New ways to acquire resistance – Imperfect convergence in insect adaptations to a potent plant toxin
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry2Ab and survival on single-toxin and pyramided cotton in cotton bollworm from China
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.