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6 results for “trade routes”
Data from: Ancient trade routes shaped the genetic structure of horses in eastern Eurasia
Animal exchange networks have been shown to play an important role in determining gene flow among domestic animal populations. The Silk Road is one of the oldest continuous exchange networks in human history, yet its effectiveness in facilitating animal exchange across large geographic distances and topographically challenging landscapes has never been explicitly studied. Horses are known to have been traded along the Silk Roads; however, extensive movement of horses in connection with other human activities may have obscured the genetic signature of the Silk Roads. To investigate the role of the Silk Roads in shaping the genetic structure of horses in eastern Eurasia we analysed microsatellite genotyping data from 455 village horses sampled from 17 locations. Using least-cost path methods, we compared the performance of models containing the Silk Roads as corridors for gene flow with models containing single landscape features. We also determined whether the recent isolation of former Soviet Union countries from the rest of Eurasia has affected the genetic structure of our samples. The overall level of genetic differentiation was low, consistent with historically high levels of gene flow across the study region. The spatial genetic structure was characterised by a significant, albeit weak, pattern of isolation by distance across the continent with no evidence for the presence of distinct genetic clusters. Incorporating landscape features considerably improved the fit of the data; however, when we controlled for geographic distance, only the correlation between genetic differentiation and the Silk Roads remained significant, supporting the effectiveness of this ancient trade network in facilitating gene flow across large geographic distances in a topographically complex landscape.
Trade-off between dispersal traits in a heterocarpic plant across its invasion route
<p>Dispersal ability can vary across plant species or populations, such as among core compared to leading populations of invasive plants. However, in heterocarpic plants, which produce propagules with varying dispersal abilities, dispersal potential can also increase via investment in the proportion of dispersing morphs (termed dispersal rate). Nevertheless, very little is known about the interplay between investment in dispersing structures vs. dispersal rate or how each is affected by varying environmental pressures.</p> <p><strong><em>Methods</em></strong></p> <p>This study examined the interplay between investment in dispersing structures and dispersal rate across the invasion route of the heterocarpic plant <em>Heterotheca subaxillaris</em>. <em>H. subaxillaris</em>'s capitula were collected from eight populations along its invasion route in the Eastern Mediterranean coastal plain. The dispersal ability of dispersing pappus-bearing achenes was measured as the ratio between their pappus width and biomass. The dispersal rate was calculated as the ratio between the number of dispersing achenes and total achenes per capitulum. </p> <p><em><strong>Key Results </strong></em></p> <p>The dispersal ability of the dispersing achenes and dispersal rate were found to be negatively correlated across <em>H. subaxillaris</em>' populations, with a greater investment in pappus length in populations at the leading edge of the invasion compared to a greater number of dispersing achenes in core populations.</p> <p><em><strong>Conclusions</strong></em> </p> <p>Our results suggest a trade-off might exist between dispersal ability and dispersal rate, which could change along the invasion route of heterocarpic plants such as <em>H. subaxillaris</em> and contribute to their invasive success. This study highlights the importance of examining both dispersal traits when studying the dispersal potential of heterocarpic species. </p>
Data from: Ancient trade routes shaped the genetic structure of horses in eastern Eurasia
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Data from: Global invasion history of the Tropical Fire Ant: a stowaway on the first global trade routes
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Trade-off between dispersal traits in a heterocarpic plant across its invasion route
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TRADE Trial - Tree Nut Immunotherapy Route Development and Evaluation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05521711. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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OpenNeuro
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