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139 results for “trait divergence”
Selection on convergent functional traits drives compositional divergence in a tallgrass prairie restoration experiment
<p>1. Plant biodiversity is often partitioned into taxonomic diversity (species composition and abundance), phylogenetic diversity (breadth of evolutionary lineages) and functional diversity (resource‐use strategies or physical traits). Evaluating the effects and interplay of these dimensions can provide insights into how assembly processes drive compositional changes in plant communities. However, teasing apart the effects of different biodiversity dimensions is challenging in observational studies or retrospective analyses.</p> <p>2. To evaluate how plant phylogenetic and trait history shape community establishment and turnover in restoration of a species‐rich North American tallgrass prairie, we conducted an experiment with 127 species planted in assemblages representing three levels of phylogenetic diversity (PD) and two of functional trait diversity (FD), holding starting species richness (SR) fixed. We tested whether PD and FD of planted assemblages predicted species diversity, compositional turnover and selection on functional traits.</p> <p>3. Rank order of initial functional and phylogenetic diversity levels was maintained throughout the experiment, but neither diversity measure correlated positively with species richness by the end of the experiment. Phylogenetic and taxonomic beta diversity increased among all treatments. This increase in compositional beta diversity was associated with directional selection on phylogenetically dispersed functional traits. A set of functional traits associated with competitiveness in tallgrass prairies predicted species' cover for all survey years: stem dry matter content, leaf dry matter content, vegetative height and rhizomatous growth. Although all plots collectively converged on a similar suite of functional traits, functional beta diversity increased among high‐FD plots.</p> <p>4. <em>Synthesis</em>. Neither higher functional nor phylogenetic diversity maintained higher species richness (SR) over time in our study. Although SR was not maintained, higher levels of PD and FD were. Both types of diversity shaped the rate at which plots changed in composition over time, with high diversity treatment plots increasing in beta diversity. Selection for traits convergent across the tree of life drove phylogenetic and compositional divergence among plots. While optimization of site‐specific functional traits may be most important for maintaining higher SR, our work implies that planting higher initial PD and FD may make grassland restorations more adaptable to site conditions that may be difficult to predict.</p>
Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae)
<p><span><strong>Premise</strong>:</span><span> Island systems have long served as a model for evolutionary processes due to their unique species interactions. Many studies of the evolution of species interactions on islands have focused on endemic taxa. Fewer studies have focused on how antagonistic and mutualistic interactions shape the phenotypic divergence of widespread non-endemic species living on island populations. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:</span><span> We used the widespread plant <em>Tribulus</em> <em>cistoides</em> (Zygophyllaceae) to test phenotypic divergence in traits that mediate antagonistic interactions with vertebrate granivores (birds) and mutualistic interactions with pollinators and how this is explained by bioclimatic variables. We used both herbarium specimens and field-collected samples to compare phenotypic divergence between continental and island populations. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:</span><span> Fruits from island populations were larger than on continents, but the presence of lower spines on mericarps was lower on islands. The presence of spines was largely explained by environmental variation among islands. Petal length was on average 9% smaller on island than continental populations, an effect that was especially accentuated on the Galápagos Islands. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>:</span><span> <em>Tribulus</em> <em>cistoides</em> exhibits phenotypic divergence between island and continental habitats for antagonistic traits (seed defence) and mutualistic traits (floral traits). Further, the evolution of phenotypic traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions depended on the abiotic characteristics of specific islands. This study shows the potential of using a combination of herbarium and field samples for comparative studies on a globally distributed species to test phenotypic divergence on island habitats.</span></p>
Data from: Ecological trait divergence over evolutionary time underlies the origin and maintenance of tropical spider diversity
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Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae)
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Data from: Macroevolutionary divergence along allometric lines of least resistance in frog hindlimb traits and its effect on locomotor evolution
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Data from: Linking divergence in phenotypic selection on floral traits to divergence in local pollinator assemblages in a pollination-generalized plant
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Selection on convergent functional traits drives compositional divergence in a tallgrass prairie restoration experiment
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Data from: A comparative test for divergent adaptation: inferring speciation drivers from functional trait divergence
<p>Ecological differentiation between lineages is widely considered to be an important driver of speciation. However, support for this hypothesis is largely derived from the detailed study of a select set of model species pairs. Mounting evidence from non-model taxa, meanwhile, suggests that speciation often occurs with minimal differentiation in ecomorphology, calling into question the true contribution of divergent selection to species richness in nature. To better understand divergent adaptation and its role in speciation generally, researchers require a comparative approach that can distinguish its signature from alternative processes such as drift and parallel selection in datasets containing many species pairs. Here we introduce the first statistical models of divergent adaptation in the continuous traits of paired lineages. In these models, ecomorphological characters diverge as two lineages adapt toward alternative phenotypic optima following their departure from a common ancestor. The absolute distance between optima measures the extent of divergent selection and provides a basis for interpretation. We encode the models in the new R-package <i>diverge</i> and extend them to allow the distance between optima to vary across continuous and categorical variables. We test model performance using simulation and demonstrate model application using published datasets of trait divergence in birds and mammals. Our framework provides the first explicit test for the signature of divergent selection in trait divergence datasets, and it will enable empiricists from a wide range of fields to more fully investigate the dynamics of divergent adaptation as well as its prevalence in nature beyond just our best-studied model systems.</p>
Data from: The effectiveness of pseudomagic traits in promoting divergence and enhancing local adaptation
<p>The first file contains the code necessary to generate figures in the style of Fig 1 of the associated manuscript. These figures show the divergence between both ecological traits and mating traits by the strength of mating preference. Different panels correspond to different rates of recombination between these loci that control these types of traits. Files S1 and S2 are Mathematica versions of the corresponding files in the Supplementary Information of the paper.</p>
Data from: Change in sexual signalling traits outruns morphological divergence across an ecological gradient in the post‐glacial radiation of the songbird genus Junco
<p>The relative roles of natural and sexual selection in promoting evolutionary lineage divergence remains controversial and difficult to assess in natural systems. Local adaptation through natural selection is known to play a central role in promoting evolutionary divergence, yet secondary sexual traits can vary widely among species in recent radiations, suggesting that sexual selection may also be important in the early stages of speciation. Here we compare rates of divergence in ecologically relevant traits (morphology) and sexually selected signaling traits (coloration) relative to neutral structure in genome-wide molecular markers, and examine patterns of variation in sexual dichromatism to explore the roles of natural and sexual selection in the diversification of the songbird genus <i>Junco </i>(Aves: Passerellidae). Juncos include divergent lineages in Central America and several dark-eyed junco (<i>J. hyemalis</i>) lineages that diversified recently as the group recolonized North America following the last glacial maximum (c.a. 18,000 years ago). We found an accelerated rate of divergence in sexually selected characters relative to ecologically relevant traits. Moreover, sexual dichromatism measurements suggested a positive relationship between the degree of color divergence and the strength of sexual selection when controlling for neutral genetic distance. We also found a positive correlation between dichromatism and latitude, which coincides with the geographic axis of decreasing lineage age in juncos but also with a steep ecological gradient. Finally, we found significant associations between genome-wide variants linked to functional genes and proxies of both sexual and natural selection. These results suggest that the joint effects of sexual and ecological selection have played a prominent role in the junco radiation.</p>
Divergent adaptations in resource-use traits explain how pikas thrive on the roof of the world
Life in extreme environments is possible through multilevel adaptations to physical and biotic stresses. At high elevations, species face numerous challenges, besides low oxygen levels, but previous studies have focused on genetic and physiological adaptations to chronic hypoxia while overlooking other key strategies for thriving in alpine landscapes. Here, we investigate resource-use trait adaptations to extreme elevations using pikas as a model, lagomorphs distributed up to 6200 metres and reaching maximum diversity on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the highest plateau on Earth. Specifically, we assess cranial evolution in pikas using geometric morphometric and phylogenetic comparative techniques to determine whether adaptations among high-elevation biota shown at the molecular and physiological levels also occur in resource-use traits. We further explore the roles of two contrasting lifestyles (burrowing and rocky-dwelling) in cranial evolution. We found that alpine species exhibit striking phenotypic specialization to distinct microhabitats. Contrary to physiological and genetic adaptive convergence, we show that the cranium has undergone adaptive divergence likely reflecting past resource competition in highlands and long-term association with alpine landscapes. Our analyses also reveal that the evolution of burrowing lifestyle allows high-elevation pikas to explore novel niches and boosts their phenotypic diversification. In addition to cold and hypoxia tolerance, high cranial specialization, the appearance of burrowing habits, and strong niche separation explain how pikas overcome alpine stresses and flourish on the highest plateau on Earth. By contrast, when moving to spatially complex and heterogeneous vegetation zonation, pikas exhibit generalist skull forms able to exploit diverse habitats. These findings mirror previously reported intraspecific patterns in mammals, suggesting a general morphological response in resource-exploiting traits to cope with distinct selection pressures across elevation zones. Phenotypic diversity is further constrained by rocky habitats, resulting in convergent skulls. Our study highlights that adaptations to extreme environments occur at multiple levels of organization, but can lead to distinct evolutionary paths depending on which selective forces they respond to. The evolution of burrowing behaviour represents a landmark in the evolutionary history of pikas. We further show that rocky habitats impose strong ecological pressures, leading to convergent responses in resource-use traits, which is rarely documented in mammals.
Data from: Divergent trait and environment relationships among parallel radiations in Pelargonium (Geraniaceae): a role for evolutionary legacy?
Functional traits in closely related lineages are expected to vary similarly along common environmental gradients due to shared evolutionary and biogeographic history, or legacy effects, and due to biophysical tradeoffs in construction. We test these predictions in Pelargonium, a relatively recent evolutionary radiation. Bayesian phylogenetic mixed effects models assessed, at the subclade level, associations between plant height, leaf area, leaf nitrogen content and leaf mass per area (LMA), and five environmental variables capturing temperature and rainfall gradients across the Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. Trait-trait integration was assessed via pairwise-correlations within subclades. Of 20 trait-environment associations, 17 differed among subclades. Signs of regression coefficients diverged for height, leaf area and leaf nitrogen content, but not for LMA. Subclades also differed in trait-trait relationships and these differences were modulated by rainfall seasonality. Leave-one-out cross-validation revealed that whether trait variation was better predicted by environmental predictors or trait-trait integration depended on the clade and trait in question. Legacy signals in trait-environment and trait-trait relationships were apparently lost during the earliest diversification of Pelargonium, but then retained during subsequent subclade evolution. Overall, we demonstrate that global-scale patterns are poor predictors of patterns of trait variation at finer geographic and taxonomic scales.
Data from: Müllerian mimicry of a quantitative trait despite contrasting levels of genomic divergence and selection
<p>Hybrid zones, where distinct populations meet and interbreed, give insight into how differences between populations are maintained despite gene flow. Studying clines in genetic loci and adaptive traits across hybrid zones is a powerful method for understanding how selection drives differentiation within a single species, but can also be used to compare parallel divergence in different species responding to a common selective pressure. Here, we study parallel divergence of wing colouration in the butterflies <i>Heliconius erato</i> and <i>H</i><i>. melpomene</i>, which are distantly related Müllerian mimics that show parallel geographic variation in both discrete variation in pigmentation, and quantitative variation in structural colour. Using geographic cline analysis, we show that clines in these traits are positioned in the roughly the same geographic region for both species, which is consistent with direct selection for mimicry. However, the width of the clines varies markedly between species. This difference is explained in part by variation in the strength of selection acting on colour traits within each species, but may also be influenced by differences in the dispersal rate and total strength of selection against hybrids between the species. Genotyping-by-sequencing also revealed weaker population structure in <i>H. melpomene</i>, suggesting the hybrid zones may have evolved differently in each species; which may also contribute to the patterns of phenotypic divergence in this system Overall, we conclude that multiple factors are needed to explain patterns of clinal variation within and between these species, although mimicry has probably played a central role.</p>
Multiple traits and multifarious environments: integrated divergence of morphology and life history
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Understanding complex responses of multiple character suites (e.g., behaviour, life history, morphology) to multifarious environments is a challenging task. Here we use a multivariate approach (partial least squares structural equation modelling) to disentangle drivers (i.e., predation, resource availability, and population demographics) of phenotypic divergence among populations of Bahamas mosquitofish (<i>Gambusia hubbsi</i>) inhabiting blue holes. We further employ a two-block partial least squares analysis in a novel approach to uncovering integrated and independent aspects of divergence in correlated character suites. Results suggest that phenotypic divergence mainly resulted from differences in predation regimes, with population demography and resource availability also influencing particular aspects of divergence. We uncovered statistically significant covariation of life histories and morphologies, and revealed that phenotypic divergence between predation regimes involved both integrated and independent responses. For instance, female life histories diverged mostly independently of morphology, although some morphological shifts (abdominal distension) resulted from changes in fecundity. In contrast, males showed strong morphological divergence independent of life history, but much of their life-history shifts reflected joint morphological changes (lean weight and body shape). Our study illustrates the utility of gathering disparate data types from multiple populations/species to understand the causes and nature of phenotypic divergence in the wild.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Variation in ecophysiological traits might contribute to ecogeographic isolation and divergence between parapatric ecotypes of Mimulus aurantiacus
Many forms of reproductive isolation contribute to speciation, and early acting barriers may be especially important, because they have the first opportunity to limit gene flow. Ecogeographic isolation occurs when intrinsic traits of taxa contribute to disjunct geographic distributions, reducing the frequency of inter‐taxon mating. Characterizing this form of isolation requires knowledge of both the geographic arrangement of suitable habitats in nature and the identification of phenotypes involved in shaping geographic distributions. In Mimulus aurantiacus, red‐ and yellow‐flowered ecotypes are incompletely isolated by divergent selection exerted by different pollinators. However, these emerging taxa are largely isolated spatially, with a hybrid zone occurring along a narrow region of contact. In order to assess whether responses to abiotic conditions contribute to the parapatric distribution of ecotypes, we measured a series of ecophysiological traits from populations along a transect, including drought sensitivity, leaf area, and the concentrations of vegetative flavonoids. In contrast to the abrupt transitions in floral phenotypes, we found that ecophysiological traits exhibited a continuous geographic transition that largely mirrors variation in climatological variables. These traits may impede gene flow across a continuous environmental gradient, but they would be unlikely to result in ecotypic divergence alone. Nevertheless, we found a genetic correlation between vegetative and floral traits, providing a potential link between the two forms of isolation. Although neither barrier appears sufficient to cause divergence on its own, the combined impacts of local adaptation to abiotic conditions and regional adaptation to pollinators may interact to drive discontinuous variation in the face of gene flow in this system.
Data from: Functional trait plasticity diverges between sexes in African cichlids: a contribution toward ecological sexual dimorphism?
<p>Phenotypic plasticity enables development to produce multiple phenotypes in response to environmental conditions. Plasticity driven variation has been suggested to play a key role in adaptive divergence, and plasticity itself can evolve. However, the interaction of plasticity with the multiple levels involved with adaptive divergence is less understood. For example, sexual dimorphism can contribute to adaptive variation through ecological sexual dimorphism (ESD), but the contribution of plasticity to this phenomenon is unknown. Therefore, to determine the potential contribution of plasticity to ESD, we used the adaptive radiation of Malawi cichlids. Two mouthbrooding species (<em>Labeotropheus fuelleborni </em>and <em>Tropheops</em> "Red Cheek", hereafter LF and TRC respectively) with differences in foraging tactics underwent foraging experiments using benthic and limnetic treatments while accounting for sex. Plasticity in craniofacial shape and three functionally important traits were measured. Plasticity was shown, but without any sex-based differences in shape. However, for mechanical advantage traits of the mandible sex by diet interactions were found. This suggests that ESD, may be influenced by phenotypic plasticity that diverges between sexes. Given the involvement of the mandible in parental care in cichlids this may indicate that sexual divergence in plasticity may trade-off against maternal care tactics.</p>
Fungal Divergent Actin: Trait mapping and function hypothesis
<p>This projects investigates the potential new function of a divergent actin form mainly found in fungal species (Fungal Divergent Actin (FDA)) using trait mapping and association analysis as a novel strategy to generate hypotheses about protein function. We use the ProteinCartography pipeline (https://doi.org/10.57844/arcadia-a5a6-1068), combined with trait mapping and trait association analysis to generate hypotheses about the function of FDA. </p> <p>The overall idea is to identify a working set of fungal species for which we are able to confidently determine the presence or absence of fungal divergent actin, gather fungal trait information for these species (ecological traits, structural traits, genetic traits etc...) and determine whether there is any correlation between the presence/absence of FDA and one of the fungal trait. Any correlation between FDA presence/absence and fungal trait can then be used to infer hypothesis about the function of FDA.</p> <p>Our approach is divided into four main steps:</p> <p>- Step 1: Expanding the initial set of fungal species that possess FDA</p> <p>- Step 2: Defining the 'working set of species' (set of fungal species for which we can determine their FDA status (presence or absence))</p> <p>- Step 3: Curating fungal trait information</p> <p>- Step 4: Statistical modeling of the association of FDA and chosen fungal traits</p> <p> </p> <p>In this upload, we provide files that are parts of Steps 1 & 2:</p> <p> - ProteinCartography folder of the ProteinCartography run for the FDA proteins: fungal_divergent_actins_PC.zip</p> <p> - .csv table of all fungal proteins and associated species in Uniprot that have available structure in AlphaFold: Fungi_prot_uniprot.csv</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>ProteinCartography run: fungal_divergent_actins_PC.zip</strong></p> <p><em>(Step 1 - Expanding the initial set of fungal species that possess FDA)</em></p> <p>The aim of the first step, is to detect as many fungal species as possible that possess FDA. For this, we used ProteinCartography (https://doi.org/10.57844/arcadia-a5a6-1068), to screen for protein that have similar structures than the previously identified Fungal Divergent Actin (REF actin pub) and expand the original cluster of FDA.</p> <p>After identifying 6 representative sequences of Fungal Divergent Actins, we used each of the six proteins as input proteins for "Search Mode'' of the pipeline ProteinCartography. Full details on the ProteinCartography pipeline can be found in the GitHub repository and accompanying pub (https://doi.org/10.57844/arcadia-a5a6-1068).</p> <p>The fungal_divergent_actins_PC.zip contains all the inputs and outputs of the ProteinCartography run:</p> <ul> <li>fasta and pdb files for all 6 input proteins</li> <li>configuration file for the ProteinCatography run</li> <li>all output files (including main files presented in the Pub: similarity matrix, semantic analysis and aggregated_features_pca_umap in the subfolder output/clusteringresults</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Uniprot list of fungal protein with available structure: </strong>Fungi_prot_uniprot.csv</p> <p><em>(Step 2 - Defining the 'working set of species')</em></p> <p>The aim of Step 2 is to identify the list of fungal species for which we can confidently determine the FDA presence/absence status. While ProteinCartography allows us to identify species that possess FDA, we also need to be able to confidently tell when a species doesn't possess FDA. Thus, the working set is defined as the set of species for which the presence or absence of FDA was putatively established.</p> <p>Because ProteinCartography relies on protein structures available in UniProt and AlphaFold, we decided to define our working set as any fungal species that has a minimum of 6000 protein structures in AlphaFold. Then we consider that any species of this set that is not part of the extended cluster does not possess FDA.</p> <p>Fungi_prot_uniprot.csv is the list of fungal proteins and associated species that have structure avaialable in AlphaFold from UniProt. This serves as the initial file to eventually count the number of proteins with available structures per species and identify the working set of fungal species - To obtain this list we conducted an 'Advanced search' in UniProt using the following query: </p> <ul> <li>'Fungi' in Taxonomy field </li> <li>' * ' for the field AlphaFoldDB cross-reference (found within the Cross reference /3D structure field)</li> </ul>
High sexual display trait diversity without measured genetic divergence in a montane hybrid zone involving young species (Habronattus americanus subgroup, Araneae, Salticidae)
<p>Genetic introgression, allele exchange across species boundaries, is a commonly recognized feature of animal evolution. Under such a paradigm contemporary contact zones provide first-hand and complementary insight into the geographic, phenotypic, and genetic details of introgression. Also, when mate choice phenotypes are conspicuous and variable in hybrids, contact zones provide potential insight into how sexual selection interacts with species boundary maintenance, particularly when postzygotic reproductive isolation is weak. The <em>Habronattus</em> <em>americanus</em> subgroup includes several recently evolved jumping spider species, with an estimated age of about 200,000 years, and substantial evidence for hybridization and introgression. We explored a contact zone involving <em>H. americanus</em> (Keyserling, 1885) and <em>H. kubai</em> (Griswold, 1979) on Mount Shasta, California, in alpine habitats that would have been unavailable (under ice) at the Last Glacial Maximum. We characterized morphological diversity within the contact zone, including the fine-scale geographic distribution of hybrid and parental individuals, and assessed genetic variation using ddRADseq data. Combined results indicate a lack of measured genomic differentiation between specimens with distinct morphologies, including individuals with phenotypes of the parental species. We identified a diverse array of hybrid morphologies, with phenotypic evidence for backcrossing, essentially forming a phenotypic bridge between parental taxa. The study area is characterized by more hybrid than parental individuals, with a significantly larger number of red-palped morphologies than white and/or yellow-palped morphologies; the novel, white-palped phenotype is perhaps transgressive. Overall, these results contribute to a better understanding of the expected ebb and flow of lineage interactions during the early stages of speciation.</p>
Data on soil variables (with plot IDs) and grassland species traits used for the analysis of grassland vegetation data by Pillar, V.D. (2024) Trait divergence in plant community assembly is generated by environmental factor interactions. Journal of Vegetation Science, 35, e13259. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13259
<p>File <a href="../api/records/10983049/draft/files/Plot_IDs_990ua.txt/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Plot_IDs_990ua.txt</a> contains the IDs of the 1-m2 plots used for the analysis of grassland vegetation data by Pillar, V.D. (2024) Trait divergence in plant community assembly is generated by environmental factor interactions. The plot data are stored in the sPlot database (PPBio South Brazilian Grassland Database).</p> <p>File <a href="../api/records/10983049/draft/files/E_990ua_21SoilVar.txt/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">E_990ua_21SoilVar.txt</a> contains data on soil variables evaluated in the 250 m transects, but here expanded to the 990 1-m2 plots (each transect was sampled using 10 1-m2 pots).</p> <p>File <a href="../api/records/10983049/draft/files/B_769spp_4t.txt/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">B_769spp_4t.txt</a> is the species trait database collected in the framework of several research projects in the Quantitative Ecology Lab (EcoQua) and Grassland Vegetation Studies Lab (LevCamp) of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Data gaps were filled by compiled from the TRY database and data imputation.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Multivariate selection mediated by aridity predicts divergence of drought resistant traits along natural aridity gradients of an invasive weed
<p><span>Geographic variation in the environment underpins selection for local adaptation and evolutionary divergence among populations. Because many environmental conditions vary across species' ranges, identifying the specific environmental variables underlying local adaptation is profoundly challenging. </span></p> <p><span>We tested whether natural selection mediated by aridity predicts clinal divergence among invasive populations of capeweed (<i><span>Arctotheca calendula</span></i>) that established and spread across southern Australia during the last two centuries. </span></p> <p><span>Using common garden experiments with two environmental treatments (wet and dry) that mimic aridity conditions across capeweed's invasive range, we estimated clinal divergence and effects of aridity on fitness and multivariate phenotypic selection in populations sampled along aridity gradients in Australia. We show that: (<i>i</i>) capeweed populations have relatively high fitness in aridity environments similar to their sampling locations; (<i>ii</i>) the magnitude and direction of selection strongly differs between wet and dry treatments, with drought stress increasing the strength of selection; and (<i>iii</i>) differences in directional selection between wet and dry treatments predict patterns of clinal divergence across the aridity gradient, particularly for traits affecting biomass, flowering phenology and putative antioxidant expression. </span></p> <p><span>Our results suggest that aridity-mediated selection contributes to trait diversification among invasive capeweed populations, possibly facilitating the expansion of capeweed across southern Australia. </span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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