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244 results for “trait diversity”
The Biomass and Plant Functional Traits of Leymus chinensis Affected by Genotypic Diversity and Soil Nitrogen Addition through a Two-year Experiment, Tianjin, China, 2021-2023
In order to investigate the effects of soil nitrogen addition on the genotypic diversity of Leymus chinensis, 12 genotypes of Leymus chinensis were used as plant material and a two-factor experimental design was carried out in this study. Factor one was genotypic diversity of L. chinensis, including three levels: mono-genotype (G1), three genotypes (G3), and six genotypes (G6). Factor two was the soil nitrogen addition level, which included four levels: no nitrogen addition (N0), 2.5 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N2.5), 5 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N5), and 10 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N10). Each treatment had 12 combinations as replicates, and 12 genotypes of L. chinensis were used. The frequency of each genotype was standardized across all treatment levels of genotypic diversity × soil nitrogen addition. The experiment commenced in September 2021 and soil nitrogen was applied every 2 months. Plants were cultivated in the experimental field at Nankai University, but were moved to a greenhouse for overwintering from November to February each year. During the experiment, there were no stresses or disturbances such as shading, drought, or insect feeding; weeds were regularly removed.
Supplementary data: Agro-morphological and molecular characterization reveal deep insights in promising genetic diversity and marker-trait associations in Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum
<p>Our study focuses on the global/European buckwheat germplasm collected as part of the ECOBREDD project. The potential of this highly diverse collection for organic buckwheat breeding was evaluated at two complementary levels: phenotypic and genetic. Here, we characterized the phenotypic and genetic diversity of a global collection of the two cultivated buckwheat species <em>Fagopyrum esculentum</em> and <em>F. tataricum</em> (190 and 51 accessions, respectively) using 37 agro-morphological traits and 24 SSR markers (Simple Sequence Repeats) (see publication and info sheet of the data).</p>
Data for article: A quantitative framework to infer the effect of traits, diversity and environment on dispersal and extinction rates from fossils
<p>Supplementary information for:</p> <p><strong>A quantitative framework to infer the effect of traits, diversity and environment on dispersal and extinction rates from fossils</strong></p> <p>Torsten Hauffe, Mathias M. Pires, Tiago B. Quental, Thomas Wilke, and Daniele Silvestro</p> <p> </p><ul> <li> Simulations <ul> <li>Scripts <ul> <li>Scenario1_SamplingHeterogeneity.R: Script to simulate biogeographic histories with sampling heterogeneity</li> <li>Scenario3_SealevelInvasion.R: Script to simulate biogeographic histories where sea level facilitates dispersal and invasion induces extinction</li> <li>Scenario3_DiversityDependence.R: Script to simulate diversity-dependent biogeographic histories</li> <li>Scenario4_TraitDependence.R: Script to simulate trait-dependent biogeographic histories</li> <li>Scenario5_CategoricalTraitDependence.R: Script to simulate trait-dependent biogeographic histories</li> </ul> </li> <li>Results <ul> <li>Scenario1_SamplingHeterogenetiy_alpha05.txt: Results of simulations scenario 1 with a sampling heterogeneity of alpha = 0.5</li> <li>Scenario1_SamplingHeterogenetiy_alpha1.txt: Results of simulations scenario 1 with a sampling heterogeneity of alpha = 1</li> <li>Scenario1_SamplingHeterogenetiy_alpha2.txt: Results of simulations scenario 1 with a sampling heterogeneity of alpha = 2</li> <li>Scenario1_SamplingHeterogenetiy_alpha10.txt: Results of simulations scenario 1 with a sampling heterogeneity of alpha = 10</li> <li>Scenario2_Independent_dispersal_and_extinction.txt: Results of simulation scenario 2 with sea-level independent dispersal and no invasion induced extinction</li> <li>Scenario2_Sealevel_dependent_dispersal_and_independent_extinction.txt: Results of simulation scenario 2 with sea-level dependent dispersal and no invasion induced extinction</li> <li>Scenario2_Sealevel_independent_dispersal_and_invasion_induced_extinction.txt: Results of simulation scenario 2 with sea-level independent dispersal and invasion induced extinction</li> <li>Scenario2_Sealevel_dependent_dispersal_and_invasion_induced_extinction.txt: Results of simulation scenario 2 with sea-level dependent dispersal and invasion induced extinction</li> <li>Scenario3_Independent_dispersal_and_extinction.txt: Results of simulations scenario 3 with diversity-independent dispersal and extinction</li> <li>Scenario3_Diversity_dependent_dispersal_and_independent_extinction.txt: Results of simulations scenario 3 with diversity-dependent dispersal and diversity-independent extinction</li> <li>Scenario3_Independent_dispersal_and_Diversity_dependent_extinction.txt: Results of simulations scenario 3 with diversity-dependent dispersal and diversity-independent extinction</li> <li>Scenario3_Diversity_dependent_dispersal_and_extinction.txt: Results of simulations scenario 3 with diversity-dependent dispersal and extinction</li> <li>Scenario4_Independent_dispersal_and_extinction.txt: Results of scenario 4 with trait-independent dispersal and extinction</li> <li>Scenario4_Trait_dependent_dispersal_and_independent_extinction.txt: Results of scenario 4 with trait-dependent dispersal and independent extinction</li> <li>Scenario4_Independent_dispersal_and_trait_dependent_extinction.txt: Results of scenario 4 with independent dispersal and trait-dependent extinction</li> <li>Scenario4_trait_dependent_dispersal_and_extinction.txt: Results of scenario 4 with trait-dependent dispersal and extinction</li> <li>Scenario5_CatTrait_dependent_dispersal_and_independent_extinction.txt: Results of model 2 with categorical traits (e.g family) influence dispersal but no influence of a category-specific continuous traits</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li>Carnivora <ul> <li>BinnedOccurrence: Folder with 100 replicates of binned occurrences of max. 330 carnivoran genera throughout the Neogene</li> <li>BodyMass: Folder with 100 replicates of body mass for 330 carnivoran genera</li> <li>Sealevel: Folder with sea level through the Neogene</li> <li>Temperature: Folder with the temperature record of the Neogene</li> <li>Families: Folder with families as taxonomic proxy for phylogeny. FamilyGeneraNumeric.txt is the numeric coding used for the Bayesian analyses of carnivoran biogeography</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p></p>
Figure 7 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina
Figure 7. Mean number of (a) above-ground nesting bee individuals, (b) floral specialist bee individuals, (c) oligolectic bee individuals and (d) oil-collecting bee individuals in cropped area (n = 28 points) and semi-natural area (n = 11 points). ns indicates a non-significant result. Asterisks indicate that means are significantly different (Wilcoxon rank sum test, ** = P <0.01). Bars show SEs.
Figure 2 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina
Figure 2. Semi-natural area of the study site: (a) semi-natural grassland; (b) the stream 'Arroyo Dulce' and its banks (Photos: Violette Le Féon).
Drivers of plant diversity, community composition, functional traits and soil processes along an alpine gradient in the central Chilean Andes
<p>The datasets in this repository include plant community surveys, hyperspectral reflectance data at the leaf and canopy level, leaf trait data, and soil chemistry data collected at five sites along an elevation gradient of 2400m-3500m in the Chilean Andes (33°S, 70°W). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental drivers of community assembly processes along the elevation gradient.</p>
Elevation differently shapes functional diversity patterns in understory forest communities when considering intraspecific and interspecific trait variability
<p>Datasets used for the analysis done for the paper "Elevation differently shapes functional diversity patterns in understory forest communities when considering intraspecific and interspecific trait variability".</p> <p>Files present are:</p> <p>-Species x Plot (vegetation releveés).</p> <p>-Plot x Environment.</p> <p>-Plot x CWM_inter for Plant height, Leaf area, Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) using the traits fixed for species, i.e., holding traits constant as the species mean, thus incorporating only turnover.</p> <p>-Plot x CWM_intra for Plant height, Leaf area, Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) based on an individual by trait matrix, therefore incorporating both turnover and intraspecific trait variation.</p> <p>-Plot x SES-FD_inter (Standard Effect Size Functional Diversity) for Plant height, Leaf area, Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) using the traits fixed for species, i.e., holding traits constant as the species mean, thus incorporating only turnover.</p> <p>-Plot x SES-FD_intra (Standard Effect Size Functional Diversity) for Plant height, Leaf area, Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) based on an individual by trait matrix, therefore incorporating both turnover and intraspecific trait variation.</p> <p>All analysis were carried out using the software R version 4.1.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, <a href="http://www.R-project.org">http://www.R-project.org</a>) and can be consulted on GitHub https://github.com/AriannaFerrara/Elevation-and-Intraspecific-trait-variability.git</p>
Prey diversity constrains the adaptive potential of predator foraging traits
<p>Predators are generally under selective pressure to get better at foraging, leading to steeper functional responses and stronger predator-prey interactions. Yet strong interactions can de-stabilize food webs, and most interactions across ecological communities are thought to be weak. This conflict between evolutionary and community expectations for the strength of predator-prey interactions represents a fundamental gap in our understanding of how the evolution of foraging plays out in food webs. Here we help to resolve the conflict by showing analytically that the expectation for the evolution of steeper functional responses is relaxed in communities with diverse prey types. We simulate communities with varying prey richness and show that increasing prey richness can indeed constrain the adaptive potential of predator foraging traits, but that at low prey richness predators can evolve to have a stronger interaction with prey that have high net energy yields. Our results also indicate that handling time plays a role in determining whether predators may evolve to have a stronger interaction with abundant prey, suggesting that the evolution of keystone predator modules in food webs is most likely when handling times are negligible. Our results also provide a new mechanism predicting more diffuse interactions in diverse tropical communities relative to more species-poor communities at higher latitudes.</p>
Predicted gene expression in ancestrally diverse populations leads to discovery of susceptibility loci for lifestyle and cardiometabolic traits
<p>Full summary statistics for the publication "Predicted gene expression in ancestrally diverse populations leads to discovery of susceptibility loci for lifestyle and cardiometabolic traits". </p> <p>The files, bmi.UKBBsummary.txt and height.UKBBsummary.txt, contain tissue specific associations with body mass index (BMI) and height respectively. The suffix UKBB450k indicates results from all ~450,000 European ancestry individuals in UK Biobank. The suffix UKBB50k corresponds to results from a subset of 50,000 Europeans in the UK Biobank. The suffix PAGE corresponds to results from ~50,000 individuals in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. </p> <p>The file PAGE_PrediXcan_associations.txt includes trait~tissue specific GReX associations for 25 traits. The first field specifies the tissue.trait.gene of the association results.</p>
Trait functional diversity explains mixture effects on litter decomposition at the arid end of a climate gradient
<p><span>Litter decomposition is controlled by climate, litter quality and decomposer communities. Because the decomposition of specific litter types is also influenced by the properties of adjacent types, mixing litter types may result in non-additive effects on overall decomposition rates. The strength of these effects seems to depend on the litter functional diversity. However, it is unclear which functional traits or combination of traits explain litter mixture effects and if these depend on the range of trait values and the ecosystems involved. These uncertainties hamper our ability to predict decomposition in plant communities. </span></p> <p><span>We aimed at understanding whether and how functional diversity (measured as functional dispersion, FDis) influences litter decomposition, and how this influence varies among different climates and across decomposition stages. We calculated FDis based on litter traits related to nutrient concentrations or to litter recalcitrance, and tested whether these diversity measures and climatic parameters (soil moisture and temperature) explained litter mixture effects on decomposition. </span></p> <p><span>Additive mixture effects (i.e. decomposition of mixtures equalling the mean decomposition of the single litter types) were common in most of the evaluated climates. Non-additive, negative effects were mainly restricted to the driest and warmest sites, and decreased with time. Non-additive effects increased in magnitude with the mixtures' FDis, with positive effects being related to FDis in nutrient traits and negative effects being related to FDis in recalcitrance traits. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis: Litter mixing did not have strong effects on decomposition rates across the studied climatic gradient overall, and the direction and intensity of the mixture effects were context-dependent. The effects were stronger and more negative in the dryer ecosystems. Where effects were found, functional diversity calculated from selected groups of traits (related to nutrients or litter recalcitrance) predicted mixture effects, especially where trait ranges were broad, though much of the variation remains unexplained. We propose that functional diversity metrics based on litter traits that are mechanistically relevant, applied to diverse site-specific litter mixtures in different climates, can help to better understand under which conditions and in which direction litter diversity affects decomposition.</span></p>
Functional traits and metacommunity theory reveal that habitat filtering and competition maintain bird diversity in a human shared landscape
<p>Human shared landscapes cover much of Earth, yet their conservation value is contested. This controversy may persist because previous studies have examined species diversity, rather than the processes through which such diversity is maintained. For example, a site exhibiting high diversity may not actually bolster populations if the diversity is only maintained through net immigration. Recent research has begun to isolate the processes that maintain metacommunities and develop functional trait methods to identify these processes. However, the processes underlying bird communities remain obscure. Here, we leverage metacommunity theory, functional trait partitioning, and a Bayesian multispecies abundance model to assess whether a shared landscape – woody perennial polyculture farms – bolsters bird diversity. Such farms grow multiple species of food-producing woody perennials together with vegetative groundcover. We surveyed birds and their <em> in situ </em> functional traits across the US Midwest in traditional agriculture, woody perennial polyculture, prairie, and woods. We found that woody perennial polycultures exhibited the highest bird diversity and were the most preferred by many species (including threatened ones). Moreover, our functional trait analysis suggests that this diversity is maintained through habitat filtering and competition, rather than merely immigration. Thus, shared landscapes can likely conserve birds by providing a distinct habitat. These results suggest that woody perennial polyculture farms offer substantial potential to support bird populations in the US Midwest. Our study demonstrates the utility of <em> in situ </em> functional trait partitioning within a Bayesian framework to unmask ecological processes and help assess the conservation value of landscapes.</p>
Data described in the article "Unraveling the diversity of hyphal explorative traits among Rhizophagus irregularis genotypes"
<p>The dataset includes supplementary Figures, tables and the results of two experiments published in the study titled "Unraveling the diversity of hyphal explorative traits among Rhizophagus irregularis genotypes", available here: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-024-01154-8</p> <p>The study compares seven homokaryotic isolates (genotypes) of Rhizophagus irregularis, aiming to characterize the range of intraspecific variability with respect to hyphal exploration of organic nitrogen (N) resources, and N supply to plants. Two experiments (one in vitro and one in open pots) were conducted, and 15N-chitin as the isotopically labeled organic N source was used.</p> <p>Experiment 1 (in vitro), mycelium of all arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal genotypes transferred a higher amount of 15N to the plants than the passive transfer of 15N measured in the non-mycorrhizal (NM) controls. Noticeably, certain genotypes (e.g., LPA9) showed higher extraradical mycelium biomass production but not necessarily greater 15N acquisition than the others. </p> <p>Experiment 2 (in pots) highlighted that some of the AM fungal genotypes (e.g., MA2, STSI) exhibited higher rates of targeted hyphal exploration of chitin-enriched zones, indicative of distinct N exploration patterns from the other genotypes. Dataset contain photos and other recorded parameters during the experiment 1 and experiment 2.</p>
Fig. 1 in Grouping and genetic diversity of different watermelon ecotypes based on agro-morphological traits and ISSR marker
Fig. 1. Grouping the watermelon ecotypes based on agro-morphological traits using UPGMA method. The symbols for the ecotypes are presented in Table 1.
Response of wild bee diversity, abundance and functional traits to vineyard inter-row management intensity and landscape diversity across Europe
<p>Data set used for analyses in the publication "Response of wild bee diversity, abundance and functional traits to vineyard inter-row management intensity and landscape diversity across Europe".</p> <p>First sheet in the Excel-file gives a detailed description of the abbreviations, terms etc. used in the following tables. Please also check the method section in the publication for the detailed description on how data were collected.</p> <p>If you have any questions feel free to contact Sophie Kratschmer via e-mail</p>
Description of the HealthyMinorCereals oat (Avena sativa L.) diversity panel and best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) of agro-morphological traits
<p>Best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) of various agro-morphological traits of oat (Avena sativa) germplasm evaluated in Estonia and the Czech Republic between 2014 and 2019 (9 environments in total) within the FP7 HealthyMinorCereals project.</p>
Figure 2 in Soil BON Earthworm - A global initiative on earthworm distribution, traits, and spatiotemporal diversity patterns
Figure 2. Information on studies that will be resampled globally by the Soil BON Earthworm consortium. (A) Global distribution of studies, with the distribution of sites along longitude and latitude, (B) distribution of ecosystem types among studies, (C) localization of sites among terrestrial biomes defined by Mean Annual Temperature (MAT, °C) and Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP, mm), with the distribution of MAT and MAP values, (D) distribution of time span with blue and green colors representing the variable distribution before and after resampling, respectively, (E) Temporal coverage of individual studies.
Figure 3 in Soil BON Earthworm - A global initiative on earthworm distribution, traits, and spatiotemporal diversity patterns
Figure 3. Global distribution of Oligochaeta observations on iNaturalist (assessed on the 16th of November 2023) and longitudinal and latitudinal distribution.
Changes in community-weighted trait mean, functional diversity, precipitation, temperature and surface area along an elevational gradient in Tenerife, Canary Islands
<p>This dataset comprises community-weighted trait means and functional diversity of leaf traits, precipitation, temperature and surface area of the elevational belt recorded in roadside (disturbed) and interior (less disturbed) plots, along an elevational gradient of 2,300 m in Tenerife, Canary Islands. The leaf traits measured were specific leaf area (SLA), nitrogen, carbon, phosphorous, nitrogen to carbon ratio, leaf dry matter content (LDMC), sodium, potassium and magnesium. The environmental variables measured are total precipitation of the growing season, mean temperature of the growing season and surface area of the elevation belt. This dataset has been used for the analysis presented in Ratier Backes et al. (in press). Mechanisms behind elevational plant species richness patterns revealed by a trait-based approach. <em>Journal of Vegetation Science</em>.</p>
Environmental context and herbivore traits mediate the strength of associational effects in a meta-analysis of crop diversity
<p>1. Crop diversification offers a promising solution to meet expanding global food demands while maintaining ecosystem services. Diversification strategies that employ mixed planting to reduce pest damage (e.g., intercropping), termed "associational effects" (AE) in the ecological literature, can decrease (associational resistance) or increase (associational susceptibility) herbivore abundance on a focal plant. While application of AE to agroecosystems typically reduces pest abundance, the range of outcomes varies widely.</p> <p>2. We conducted a meta-analysis using 272 estimates of insect herbivore abundance on crops neighbored by a conspecific or heterospecific from 44 studies undertaken on six continents. We focus on four agricultural crops well-represented from sites across the globe to test hypotheses related to understanding how herbivore traits (diet breadth, feeding guild, origin), plant traits (crop type, phylogenetic distance to neighbor), and environmental context (climate, experimental design) contribute to variation in the outcomes of associational effects.</p> <p>3. Overall, bicultures provided a strong reduction of insect abundance on the focal crop. Climate and interactions between herbivore traits, particularly diet breadth and origin, and plant traits or environmental context mediated the strength of associational effects.</p> <p>4. Bicultures provided the strongest reductions in insect abundance at low latitudes and this effect decreased at higher latitudes, but only for insects with certain traits. Abundance of generalist herbivores and globally distributed pests tended to be most strongly negatively affected by bicultures, under certain contexts, whereas specialist herbivores and native pests were less affected by neighbors.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and application. This meta-analysis highlights that variability in AE is determined in part by the interactive effects of herbivore traits and environmental context and provides guidance for incorporating beneficial ecological interactions into integrated pest management strategies.</p>
High functional diversity in deep-sea fish communities and increasing intra-specific trait variation with increasing latitude
<p>Variation in both inter- and intra-specific traits affect community dynamics, yet we know little regarding the relative importance of external environmental filters vs internal biotic interactions that shape the functional space of communities along broad-scale environmental gradients, such as latitude, elevation or depth. We examined changes in several key aspects of functional alpha-diversity for marine fishes along depth and latitude gradients by quantifying intra- and inter-specific richness, dispersion and regularity in functional trait space. We derived eight functional traits related to food acquisition and locomotion, and calculated seven complementary indices of functional diversity for 144 species of marine ray-finned fishes along large-scale depth (50 m – 1200 m) and latitudinal gradients (29° – 51° S) in New Zealand waters. Traits were derived from morphological measurements taken directly from footage obtained using Baited Remote Underwater Stereo-Video systems and museum specimens. We partitioned functional variation into intra- and inter-specific components for the first time using a PERMANOVA approach. We also implemented two tree-based diversity metrics in a functional distance-based context for the first time: namely, the variance in pairwise functional distance, and the variance in nearest-neighbour distance. Functional alpha diversity increased with increasing depth, and decreased with increasing latitude. More specifically, the dispersion and mean nearest-neighbour distances among species in trait space, and intra-specific trait variability all increased with depth, whereas functional hypervolume (richness) was stable across depth. In contrast, functional hypervolume, dispersion and regularity indices all decreased with increasing latitude; however, intra-specific trait variation increased with latitude, suggesting that intra-specific trait variability becomes increasingly important at higher latitudes. These results suggest that competition within and among species are key processes shaping functional multi-dimensional space for fishes in the deep sea. Increasing morphological dissimilarity with increasing depth may facilitate niche partitioning to promote coexistence, whereas abiotic filtering may be the dominant process structuring communities with increasing latitude.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.