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8 results for “trait-mediated interaction”
Relyea, R. A., and K. L. Yurewicz. 2002. Predicting community outcomes from pairwise interactions: Integrating density- and trait-mediated effects. Oecologia 131:569-579.
Understanding how species interactions shape the structure of ecological communities based on pairwise comparisons has been a difficult undertaking for ecologists because effects in reassembled communities can be different than simple density-mediated interactions would suggest. Part of this complexity occurs because many species change their behavior and morphology with different predators and competitors and, thus, change their per-capita interaction rates (i.e. trait-mediated interactions). Our objective was to use a simple experimental community of two predators (larval dragonflies, Anax longipes, and larval salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum), two prey (larval green frogs, Rana clamitans, and larval bullfrogs, R. catesbeiana), and a shared prey resource to determine whether we can predict interactions in a reassembled community by combining our knowledge of density- and trait-mediated interactions,. We combined pairwise laboratory experiments on predation rates and predator-induced behaviors with a mesocosm experiment to examine density- and trait-mediated effects. We used a factorial combination of no predators, caged Anax (to induce anti-predator traits without changing prey density), and lethal Anax crossed with no predators, caged Ambystoma, and lethal Ambystoma. The species interactions in the reassembled community were qualitatively predictable based on the pairwise experiments. Lethal Anax preyed upon Ambystoma and green frogs while lethal Ambystoma only preyed upon green frogs. Anax also reduced the activity of the green frogs; this caused a decrease in salamander predation on green frogs, a decrease in green frog acquisition of resources, and an increase in bullfrog acquisition of resources. Ambystoma had no effect on green frog activity, no effect on resource acquisition by green frogs, and no effect on resource acquisition by bullfrogs. These results suggest that we can better understand how species interact in natural communities if we have a more deta
Experimental data on trait-mediated interactions in temperate forests of northeastern China
<p>The study area was a 30-ha (500 600 m) permanent forest plot (43°57.928′–43°58.214′N; 127°45.287′–127°45.790′E) in Jilin Province, China. Two species, <em>Pinus koraiensis</em> and <em>Ulmus laciniata</em>, were selected as focal trees at the neighborhood scale. In 2010, all healthy adult individuals of <em>P. koraiensis </em>and<em> U. laciniata </em>were selected as focal trees, covering a wide range of DBH (diameter at breast height, 1.3m) classes (10 cm<DBH<80 cm). We obtained a dataset containing measurements for 74 trees of <em>P. koraiensis </em>and 70 trees of <em>U. laciniata</em>. There were 2,109 neighboring trees sampled for the focal trees of <em>P. koraiensis</em> and 1,400 neighboring trees were neighbors for the focal trees of <em>U. laciniata</em>. We determined soil properties and topographic features as abiotic variables influencing the interactions between trees. The 30-ha plot was divided into 20 ×20 m grid cells. Soils samples were collected from evenly distributed cells at a depth of 10 cm at the four corners of these cells. Four soil properties (soil pH, soil water content, soil organic matter content, and soil nutrients) were measured. The topographic variables, including elevation, convexity, slope steepness, and aspect were calculated for each sample cell</p>
Data from: Moving beyond linear food chains: trait-mediated indirect interactions in a rocky intertidal food web
In simple, linear food chains, top predators can have positive indirect effects on basal resources by causing changes in the traits (e.g. behaviour, feeding rates) of intermediate consumers. Although less is known about trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs) in more complex food webs, it has been suggested that such complexity dampens trophic cascades. We examined TMIIs between a predatory crab (Carcinus maenas) and two ecologically important basal resources, fucoid algae (Ascophyllum nodosum) and barnacles (Semibalanus balanoides), which are consumed by herbivorous (Littorina littorea) and carnivorous (Nucella lapillus) snails, respectively. Because crab predation risk suppresses snail feeding rates, we hypothesized that crabs would also shape direct and indirect interactions among the multiple consumers and resources. We found that the magnitude of TMIIs between the crab and each resource depended on the suite of intermediate consumers present in the food web. Carnivorous snails (Nucella) transmitted TMIIs between crabs and barnacles. However, crab–algae TMIIs were transmitted by both herbivorous (Littorina) and carnivorous (Nucella) snails, and these TMIIs were additive. By causing Nucella to consume fewer barnacles, crab predation risk allowed fucoids that had settled on or between barnacles to remain in the community. Hence, positive interactions between barnacles and algae caused crab–algae TMIIs to be strongest when both consumers were present. Studies of TMIIs in more realistic, reticulate food webs will be necessary for a more complete understanding of how predation risk shapes community dynamics.
Data from: Moving beyond linear food chains: trait-mediated indirect interactions in a rocky intertidal food web
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Data from: Prey state alters trait-mediated indirect interactions in rocky tide pools
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Data from: Ecosystem engineering strengthens bottom-up and weakens top-down effects via trait-mediated indirect interactions
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Data from: Trait-mediated indirect interactions: moose browsing increases sawfly fecundity through plant induced responses
1. Induced responses in plants, initiated by herbivory, create potential for trait-mediated indirect interactions among herbivores. Responses to an initial herbivore may change a number of plant traits that subsequently alter ecological processes with additional herbivores. Although common, indirect interactions between taxonomically distant herbivores, such as mammals and insects, are less studied than between taxonomically related species (i.e. insect-insect). In terms of mammal-insect interactions, effects on insect numbers (e.g. density) is relatively well studied, whereas effects on performance (e.g. fecundity) are rarely explored. Moreover, few studies have explored mammal-insect interactions on coniferous plants. 2. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mammalian induced responses on insect performance. We specifically investigated the effect of moose (Alces alces) browsing on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and subsequent effects on sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) performance. 3. Sawfly larvae were reared on browsed, clipped and un-browsed control pine trees in a controlled field experiment. Afterwards cocoon weight was measured. Needle C:N ratio and di-terpene content was measured in response to browsing. 4. Sawfly performance was enhanced on trees browsed by moose. Cocoon weight (proxy for fecundity) was 9 and 13 % higher on browsed and clipped trees compared to un-browsed trees. Cocoon weight was weakly related to needle C:N ratio, and browsed trees had lower a C:N ratio compared to un-browsed trees. Needle di-terpene content, known to affect sawfly performance, was neither affected by the browsing treatments nor did it correlate with sawfly weight. 5. We conclude that mammalian herbivory can affect insect herbivore performance, with potential consequences for ecological communities, and with particular importance for insect population dynamics. The measured plant variables could not fully explain the effect on sawfly performance providing a starting point for the consideration of additional plant responses induced by mammalian browsing affecting insect performance.
Data from: Trait-mediated indirect interactions: moose browsing increases sawfly fecundity through plant induced responses
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