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40 results for “transgression”
Fig. 7 in A study on benthic molluscs and stable isotopes from Kutch, western India reveals early Eocene hyperthermals and pronounced transgression during ETM2 and H2 events
Fig. 7 Histogram showing the frequency distribution of bulk sediment organic matter δ13C values. Red line marks the mean value (− 26.87‰). Yellow lines demarcate the standard deviation (1σ)
Fig. 6 a in A study on benthic molluscs and stable isotopes from Kutch, western India reveals early Eocene hyperthermals and pronounced transgression during ETM2 and H2 events
Fig. 6 a Lithostratigraphic section of Umarsar mine. b Bulk sediment organic matter δ13C stratigraphy; hyperthermal events are demarcated. c Molluscan shell carbonate c δ13C and c δ18O curve for unit 3. d Variation in TOC and e relative sea level 1 2
Fig. 5 Mollusc fossils from unit 3 a in A study on benthic molluscs and stable isotopes from Kutch, western India reveals early Eocene hyperthermals and pronounced transgression during ETM2 and H2 events
Fig. 5 Mollusc fossils from unit 3 a Broken shell of Pteria sp. b Partially preserved Anomia sp. c–e Nuculana sp. c within green shale, d external view of left valve, e internal view of left valve. f Articulated specimen of Caestocorbula sp. g Aphrodina sp. (white arrow) and Claibornicardia sp. (yellow arrow) in shell limestone h–j Claibornicardia sp. h internal view of left valve, i external view of left valve, j internal view of right valve. k, l Turritella sp. Scale bars 10 mm
Fig. 4 in A study on benthic molluscs and stable isotopes from Kutch, western India reveals early Eocene hyperthermals and pronounced transgression during ETM2 and H2 events
Fig. 4 Relative abundance of mollusc fossils in different layers shown along with the lithostratigraphic column of unit 3
Fig. 2 in A study on benthic molluscs and stable isotopes from Kutch, western India reveals early Eocene hyperthermals and pronounced transgression during ETM2 and H2 events
Fig. 2 Lithostratigraphic section of the Umarsar mine as revealed from the 103 no. drill-core. The four informal units of the succession are marked. Relative quantities of amber, plant matter, pyrite and glauconite in different levels are indicated
Fig. 1 in A study on benthic molluscs and stable isotopes from Kutch, western India reveals early Eocene hyperthermals and pronounced transgression during ETM2 and H2 events
Fig. 1 Map of the study area in Kutch, India. a Map of India. b Position of the study area. c Location of the Umarsar and Panandhro mines. Nareda village, the type locality of the Naredi Formation is also shown
Fig. 8 X in A study on benthic molluscs and stable isotopes from Kutch, western India reveals early Eocene hyperthermals and pronounced transgression during ETM2 and H2 events
Fig. 8 X-ray diffractograms of a Aphrodina sp. b Claibornicardia sp. and c Caestocorbula sp. Aragonite (Ara) is detected in the composition of all the analysed bivalve genera. Blue lines indicate the obtained curves of the respective samples and green lines indicate the standard d-spacings of aragonite (based on Profex 5.0.2 software)
Fig. 3 a in A study on benthic molluscs and stable isotopes from Kutch, western India reveals early Eocene hyperthermals and pronounced transgression during ETM2 and H2 events
Fig. 3 a Amber, plant fossil and glauconite pocket within shale indicated by yellow, blue and green arrows, respectively. b Granular amber within black shale. c Pyroclastics of unit 1. d Grey shale with amber (yellow arrow) and plant fossils (blue arrow) in unit 2. e Black shale with amber (yellow arrow) and plant fossils (blue arrow) in unit 2. f Grey shale with glauconite pocket (green oval) in unit 2. g Grey shale with pyrite (yellow oval) and plant matter (blue arrow) in unit 2. h Green shale in unit 3, glauconite indicated by green arrow; white dots are fragments of fossil molluscs. i Grey shale with pockets of glauconite and mollusc fragments in unit 3. j Green shale with pyrite (yellow arrow) in unit 3. k Shell limestone with mollusc fossils in unit 3; yellow and green arrows indicate Caestocorbula sp. and Claibornicardia sp., respectively. l Mollusc concentration in upper part of unit 3. m Black shale with plant fossil (blue arrow) in unit 4. n Lignite in unit 4. o Ferricrete in unit 4. Scale bars 10 mm
Data from: Transgressive segregation in mating traits drives hybrid speciation
<p><span>Hybridization can instantaneously generate novel genetic variation, which can promote ecological speciation by creating novel adaptive phenotypes. However, it remains unclear how hybridization, creating novel mating phenotypes (e.g., mating season, genitalia shapes, sexual displays, mate preferences), affects speciation especially when the phenotypes do not confer adaptive advantages. Here, based on individual-based evolutionary simulations, we propose that transgressive segregation of mating traits can drive incipient hybrid speciation. Simulations demonstrated that incipient hybrid speciation occurred most frequently when the hybrid population received moderate continued immigration from parental lineages</span><span> causing </span><span>recurrent episodes of hybridization. Recurrent hybridization constantly generated genetic variation, which </span><span>promoted</span> <span>the rapid stochastic evolution of mating phenotypes</span><span> in a hybrid population.</span><span> The stochastic evolution continued until a novel mating phenotype came to dominate the hybrid population, which reproductively isolates the hybrid population from parental lineages. However, too </span><span>frequent hybridization rather hindered the evolution of reproductive isolation by inflating the variation of mating phenotypes to produce phenotypes allowing mating with parental lineages. Simulations also revealed conditions for long-term persistence of hybrid species after their incipient emergence. </span><span>Our results suggest that recurrent transgressive segregation of mating phenotypes can offer a plausible explanation for hybrid speciation and radiations that involved little adaptive ecological divergence.</span></p>
Data from: Transgression-regression cycles drive correlations in Ediacaran-Cambrian rock and fossil records
<p>Strata of the Ediacaran Period (635-538.8 Ma) yield the oldest known fossils of complex, macroscopic organisms in the geologic record. These "Ediacaran-type" macrofossils (known as the Ediacaran biota) first appear in mid-Ediacaran strata, experience an apparent decline through the terminal Ediacaran, and directly precede the Cambrian (538.8-485.4 Ma) radiation of animals. Existing hypotheses for the origin and demise of the Ediacaran biota include: changing oceanic redox states, biotic replacement by succeeding Cambrian-type fauna, and mass extinction driven by environmental change. Few studies frame trends in Ediacaran and Cambrian macroevolution from the perspective of the sedimentary rock record, despite well-documented Phanerozoic covariation of macroevolutionary patterns and sedimentary rock quantity. Here we present a quantitative analysis of North American Ediacaran–Cambrian rock and fossil records from Macrostrat and the Paleobiology Database. Marine sedimentary rock quantity increases nearly monotonically and by over a factor of five from the latest Ediacaran to the late Cambrian. Ediacaran–Cambrian fossil quantities exhibit a comparable trajectory and have strong (r<sub>s</sub> > 0.8) positive correlations with marine sedimentary area and volume flux at multiple temporal resolutions. Even so, Ediacaran fossil quantities are dramatically reduced in comparison to the Cambrian when normalized by the quantity of preserved marine rock. Although aspects of these results are consistent with the expectations of a simple fossil-preservation induced sampling bias, together they suggest that transgression-regression and a large expansion of marine shelf environments coincided with the diversification of animals during a dramatic transition that is starkly evident in both the sedimentary rock and fossil records.</p>
Data from: Transgressive segregation in mating traits drives hybrid speciation
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Data from: Transgression-regression cycles drive correlations in Ediacaran-Cambrian rock and fossil records
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Fig. 3 in A study on benthic molluscs and stable isotopes from Kutch, western India reveals early Eocene hyperthermals and pronounced transgression during ETM2 and H2 events
Fig. 3 (See legend on previous page.)
How did subterranean amphipods cross the Adriatic Sea? Phylogenetic evidence for the dispersal-vicariance interplay mediated by marine regression-transgression cycles
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Online appendix for: Hybridization and transgressive evolution as drivers of adaptive radiations: Reticulate evolution generates diversity in the Puerto Rican Anolis lizards
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Transgressing Wallace´s Line brings hyperdiverse weevils down to earth
<p>Wallace´s Line, located in the heart of the Indo-Australian archipelago, has historically been hypothesized to strongly inhibit dispersal. Taxa crossing this barrier are confronted with different biota of Asian or Australian origin, respectively, but the extent to which these conditions have affected the evolution of the colonizing lineages remains largely unknown. We examined the potential correlations of body size, lifestyle and biogeographical distribution in the weevil genus Trigonopterus. These beetles are highly diverse both on foliage and in litter east of Wallace´s Line but occur exclusively in leaf litter in the west. Based on a comprehensive, dated phylogeny of 303 species, we inferred nine crossing events of Wallace´s Line, all from east to west. Five previously foliage-dwelling lineages changed their lifestyle to leaf litter habitats after crossing this barrier. Our results indicate that dispersal is not more likely in edaphic lineages, but rather that, abiotic and/or biotic factors may be responsible for the exclusive leaf litter habitat of Trigonopterus in Sundaland. This includes differences in climate, and the different predatory faunas of Australia-New Guinea, Wallacea, and Sundaland. A mimicry complex in New Guinea with Trigonopterus species as presumable model may be of relevance in this context.</p>
Data from: Ecological novelty by hybridization: experimental evidence for increased thermal tolerance by transgressive segregation in Tigriopus californicus
Early generations of hybrids can express both genetic incompatibilities and phenotypic novelty. Insights into whether these conflicting interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic selection persist after a few generations of recombination require experimental studies. To address this question, we use interpopulation crosses and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the copepod Tigriopus californicus, and focus on two traits that are relevant for the diversification of this species: survivorship during development and tolerance to thermal stress. Experimental crosses between two population pairs show that most RILs between two heat-tolerant populations show enhanced tolerance to temperatures that are lethal to the respective parentals, whereas RILs between a heat-tolerant and a heat-sensitive population are intermediate. Although interpopulation crosses are affected by intrinsic selection at early generational hybrids, most of the sampled F9 RILs have recovered fitness to the level of their parentals. Together, these results suggest that a few generations of recombination allows for an independent segregation of the genes underlying thermal tolerance and cytonuclear incompatibilities, permitting certain recombinant lineages to survive in niches previously unused by parental taxa (i.e., warmer thermal environments) without incurring intrinsic selection.
Collection of graphs presenting gene expression for transgressively down-regulated genes in livers.
<p>Transgressive gene expression was assessed for Cottus lineager of hybrid origing, compared to its parental species. Data contains graphs illustrating gene expression for genes classified af transgressively down-regulated in liver tissues.</p>
Collection of graphs presenting gene expression for transgressively up-regulated genes in fins.
<p>Transgressive gene expression was assessed for Cottus lineager of hybrid origing, compared to its parental species. Data contains graphs illustrating gene expression for genes classified af transgressively up-regulated in fin tissues.</p>
Collection of graphs presenting gene expression for transgressively up-regulated genes in livers.
<p>Transgressive gene expression was assessed for Cottus lineager of hybrid origing, compared to its parental species. Data contains graphs illustrating gene expression for genes classified af transgressively up-regulated in liver tissues.</p>
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