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44 results for “transitive group”
Intravenous Versus Oral Transition Therapy for the Treatment of Viridans Group Streptococcal Bloodstream Infections
<p><strong>Background: </strong><em>Streptococcus</em> are amongst the most common pathogens implicated in bloodstream infections (BSI). Within the genus, S. <em>pneumoniae</em> and beta-hemolytic <em>Streptococcus</em> are the most frequently reported organisms. Viridans Group <em>Streptococcus</em> (VGS) have emerged as a more common cause and are associated with more severe complications. IV antibiotics have long been considered the standard of care, but recent studies have shown similar efficacy between IV and oral antibiotics. This is important because switching to oral antibiotics is associated with benefits like a shorter length of stay, decreased patient and hospital expenses, and a lower rate of adverse events. <strong>Objective</strong>: To determine if oral (PO) transition therapy is non-inferior to intravenous (IV)-only therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated Viridians Group <em>Streptococcus</em> (VGS) bloodstream infections (BSI). <strong>Design</strong>: Retrospective, non-inferiority cohort study. <strong>Setting</strong>: St. Luke’s University Health Network, a non-profit, academic health network. <strong>Patients</strong>: Adult inpatients with a diagnosis of VGS BSI between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022. <strong>Methods</strong>: Patients with VGS BSI were categorized on whether they received IV therapy for their entire treatment course or transitioned to PO therapy. The primary outcome of treatment failure was defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, hospital readmission due to infectious process, or recurrent BSI within 90 days. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary outcome, adverse events, and length of stay. Non-inferiority threshold was set at 10% in the 95% CI for the difference in the proportion of patients with treatment failure between the oral transition and intravenous-only groups. <strong>Results</strong>: The primary composite outcome occurred in 20.8% of the IV group and 11.5% of the PO transition group (RR, 0.55 [95% CI 0.18 to 1.72]). Hospital length of stay was significantly longer in the IV-only group. There were no significant differences in the other outcomes. Notably, 12 of the 16 treatment-related adverse events observed in the IV-only group were associated with use of an indwelling IV catheter. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: Although the risk ratio for the composite outcome of treatment failure favors a transition to oral therapy, statistical non-inferiority could not be established.</p>
Text-fig. 22. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a–c) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, d) images of Ibericarpus cuneiformis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fruiting axis bearing an elongated receptacle with numerous diamond-shaped scars from detached fruitlets; note the absence of scars from bracts, tepals or stamens at the transition to the fruitlet scars and the stalk (arrow); b) Group of ten fruitlets detached from fruiting axis in (a) showing apical stigmatic region and distinctive bulging isodiametric epidermal cells; c) Detached fruitlet showing apical stigmatic region; d) Volume rendering of three adhering fruits showing apical stigmatic region and distinctive bulging isodiametric epidermal cells. Specimens, Catefica MM75-P0477 (a, b), Catefica 49-S115852 (c), Catefica 50-S174907 (d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 22. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a–c) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, d) images of Ibericarpus cuneiformis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fruiting axis bearing an elongated receptacle with numerous diamond-shaped scars from detached fruitlets; note the absence of scars from bracts, tepals or stamens at the transition to the fruitlet scars and the stalk (arrow); b) Group of ten fruitlets detached from fruiting axis in (a) showing apical stigmatic region and distinctive bulging isodiametric epidermal cells; c) Detached fruitlet showing apical stigmatic region; d) Volume rendering of three adhering fruits showing apical stigmatic region and distinctive bulging isodiametric epidermal cells. Specimens, Catefica MM75-P0477 (a, b), Catefica 49-S115852 (c), Catefica 50-S174907 (d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d).
Transitive groups of degree 48
<p>This database contains the transitive groups of degree 48. It is intended to be used in GAP, but also to be accessible more generally.</p> <p>The groups were originally computed by Derek Holt using MAGMA; this computation was reported in the following paper:</p> <p>Derek Holt, Gordon Royle and Gareth Tracey,<br> The transitive groups of degree 48 and some applications.<br> Journal of Algebra, 2022.<br> (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2021.06.018)</p> <p>The groups were subsequently made available as one of MAGMA's Optional Databases (http://magma.maths.usyd.edu.au/magma/download/db/). Installing the MAGMA database enables the use of the command "TransitiveGroup(48,i)" for where i is a positive integer at most 195826352 (which is the number of transitive groups of degree 48).</p> <p>The data files and accompanying functions in this archive provide a similar mechanism to access the groups in GAP. In order for researchers to refer to groups unambiguously (either formally, in research papers, or informally, while communicating with colleagues), it is desirable that the numbering of the groups is independent of the system used to access them. On these grounds, the numbering used here is consistent with the numbering established by MAGMA.</p> <p>The full data set is very large, because there are 195826352 transitive<br> groups of degree 48. As a result, the data has been split into 1959 files with names of the form "TransitiveGroupsOfDegree48_X.gz", where X is an integer between 1 and 1959. All but the last of these files contains 100000 transitive groups, and each of them is compressed (using gzip) to save space.</p> <p>These files have been combined into 10 tar files, with names such as Trans48Part1.tar, Trans48Part2.tar etc., each containing 200 compressed files (except for the last which contains 159 files). By group identification numbers, the 10 tar files contains the following groups:</p> <p>Trans48Part1.tar 1 - 20000000<br> Trans48Part2.tar 20000001 - 40000000<br> Trans48Part3.tar 40000001 - 60000000<br> Trans48Part4.tar 60000001 - 80000000<br> Trans48Part5.tar 80000001 - 100000000<br> Trans48Part6.tar 100000001 - 120000000<br> Trans48Part7.tar 120000001 - 140000000<br> Trans48Part8.tar 140000001 - 160000000<br> Trans48Part9.tar 160000001 - 180000000<br> Trans48Part10.tar 180000001 - 195826352</p> <p><br> The group with transitive identification number n is found in the file "TransitiveGroupsOfDegree48_X", where X = floor( n-1 / 100000) + 1, and as each file has a 13-line descriptive header, group n is located on line (n-1 mod 100000) + 14. The groups are given as [ id, gens ] where "id" is the Transitive Identification number of the group, and "gens" is a list of permutations which generate the group.</p> <p>The following GAP function provides a reasonably fast way to access a group by its identification number without having to read in all the data. The function identifies which of the 1959 compressed files contains the group, and then reads only that one file. The file can remain compressed because GAP 4.11.1+ can automatically decompress the file as it is read.</p> <p>TransitiveGroup48 := function(id)<br> local file_number, pos, strm, i, x, g;<br> file_number := QuoInt(id-1, 100000)+1;;<br> pos := (id-1) mod 100000 + 1;</p> <p> strm := InputTextFile(Concatenation("TransitiveGroupsOfDegree48_", String(file_number), ".gz"));;<br> for i in [1 .. pos+14] do<br> x:=ReadLine(strm);;<br> od;<br> x:=EvalString(x);;<br> CloseStream(strm);;<br> if x[1] <> id then<br> Error("Somehow we got the wrong group!!!\n");<br> else<br> g:=Group(x[2]);;<br> SetTransitiveIdentification(g, id);;<br> return g;<br> fi;<br> end;</p> <p>To use this function, download the database and untar each part (or the parts that you are interested in) and move all the "TransitiveGroupsOfDegree48_X.gz" files into a single directory. DO NOT DECOMPRESS THESE FILES. Then change to that directory, start GAP, and create the function "TransitiveGroup48" function using the above code.</p> <p>Finally, remember that the command is "TransitiveGroup48(i)" and not "TransitiveGroup(48,i)".</p>
Group Education Trial to Improve Transition in Type 1 Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03703440. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 13.
Figure 4. Mismatch distributions for 11 in Phylogeography of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): a radiation strictly correlated with climatic transitions in the Pleistocene
Figure 4. Mismatch distributions for 11 populations of the Poecilimon luschani species group for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. The continuous and interrupted (connecting circles) lines indicate the expected (Exp) and observed (Obs) distributions of pairwise differences obtained by fitting a model of sudden population expansion. A, İzmir (P. ledereri); B, Aydın (P. tuncayi); C, Kütahya (P. egrigozi); D, Balıkesir (P. helleri); E- Es¸en2 (P. l. chobanovi); F, Es¸en3 (P. l. chobanovi); G, Demre (P. l. luschani); H, Kalkan (P. l. luschani); I, Patara (P. l. luschani); J, Olympos (P. l. birandi); K, Bakırlıdag (P. l. birandi).
Figure 2 in Phylogeography of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): a radiation strictly correlated with climatic transitions in the Pleistocene
Figure 2. BEAST chronogram based on concatenated sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I + 16S rDNA for the Poecilimon luschani species group. Divergence times inferred according to Bayesian inference with an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock in BEAST (MPT, Mid-Pleistocene Transition; IIGP, initiation of intense glaciation periods; for details of populations see Table 1 and for the haplotype codes see Tables S1, S2).
Figure 5 in Phylogeography of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): a radiation strictly correlated with climatic transitions in the Pleistocene
Figure 5. Climatic cycles during the Mid and Late Pleistocene and time to the most recent common ancestor of the main nodes in the Poecilimon luschani species group. The median estimates are shown by a dashed line; the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) limits are shown by the pale blue horizontal bars. Node numbers, median estimates, and HPD are shown in Table 4 (time chart for climatic cycles modified from Cohen et al., 2012). (Colour version of figure available online.)
Figure 1 in Phylogeography of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): a radiation strictly correlated with climatic transitions in the Pleistocene
Figure 1. Populations sampled for specimens used in the study (for details of the localities see Table 1).
Figure 3. Gaussian Markov random field skyride plots for 11 in Phylogeography of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): a radiation strictly correlated with climatic transitions in the Pleistocene
Figure 3. Gaussian Markov random field skyride plots for 11 populations of the Poecilimon luschani species group. The median estimates are shown as a thick solid line, and the 95% highest posterior density limits are shown by the grey area. The background grey graphs show fluctuations in temperature during the respective periods of the Pleistocene. The upper and lower margins show the time in kiloyears (Kyr), the left margin shows the log of the effective population size (Nef), and the right margin the departure in temperature (ΔT in °C). Names of the glacial periods are indicated in the boxes at the bottom of the graphs. The background graph shows the temperature reconstruction of Vostok; modified from http://agwobserver.wordpress.com. A, İzmir (P. ledereri); B, Aydın (P. tuncayi); C, Kütahya (P. egrigozi); D, Balıkesir (P. helleri); E- Es¸en2 (P. l. chobanovi); F, Es¸en3 (P. l. chobanovi); G, Demre (P. l. luschani); H, Kalkan (P. l. luschani); I, Patara (P. l. luschani); J, Olympos (P. l. birandi); K, Bakırlıdag (P. l. birandi).
Figure 6 in Phylogeography of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): a radiation strictly correlated with climatic transitions in the Pleistocene
Figure 6. Evolution in ecological preferences of the species, subspecies, and populations of the Poecilimon luschani group. Solid lines indicate lowland habitats and dotted lines highland habitats. Polymorphic branches are shown by both lines. Locations of the taxa are indicated on the map given on the right (L, low altitudes; H, high altitudes; polymorphic species indicated by both).
FIGURE 12 in Fannia pretiosa-group (Diptera: Fanniidae) from Mexico: six new species from the Mexico Transition Zone and an identification key
FIGURE 12. Fannia grisalesae sp. nov. Male: head, frontal view (A); habitus, dorsal view (B); habitus, lateral view (C); fore tarsi (D); mid leg, anterior view (E); hind leg, anterior view (F). Scale: 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Fannia pretiosa-group (Diptera: Fanniidae) from Mexico: six new species from the Mexico Transition Zone and an identification key
FIGURE 9. Fannia arcuata. Male: head, frontal view (A); habitus, dorsal view (B); habitus, lateral view (C); fore tarsi (D); mid leg, anterior view (E); hind leg, anterior view (F). Scale: 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Fannia pretiosa-group (Diptera: Fanniidae) from Mexico: six new species from the Mexico Transition Zone and an identification key
FIGURE 7. Fannia amplitarsis sp. nov. Male: head, frontal view (A); habitus, dorsal view (B); habitus, lateral view (C); fore tarsi (D); mid leg, anterior view (E); hind leg, anterior view (F). Scale: 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 16 in Fannia pretiosa-group (Diptera: Fanniidae) from Mexico: six new species from the Mexico Transition Zone and an identification key
FIGURE 16. Distribution map of Fannia pretiosa-group (sensu Chillcott 1961) species from Mexico. Black lines (borders of Mexico states). Purple region (Sierra Madre del Sur province), yellow region (Sierra Madre Oriental province), red region (Transmexican Volcanic Belt province), orange region (Chiapas Highlands province) (sensu Morrone et al. 2022).
FIGURE 5 in Fannia pretiosa-group (Diptera: Fanniidae) from Mexico: six new species from the Mexico Transition Zone and an identification key
FIGURE 5. Fannia, male, epandrium, cerci and surstyli, lateral view: F. abdominiseta sp. nov. (A); F. amplitarsis sp. nov. (B); F. anguliseta sp. nov. (C); F. arcuata (D); F. bisetata sp. nov. (E); F. gilvitarsis (F); F. grisalesae sp. nov. (G); F. pedregalensis sp. nov. (H). Scale: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Fannia pretiosa-group (Diptera: Fanniidae) from Mexico: six new species from the Mexico Transition Zone and an identification key
FIGURE 4. Fannia, male, epandrium, cerci and surstyli, posterior view: F. abdominiseta sp. nov. (A); F. amplitarsis sp. nov. (B); F. anguliseta sp. nov. (C); F. arcuata (D); F. bisetata sp. nov. (E); F. gilvitarsis (F); F. grisalesae sp. nov. (G); F. pedregalensis sp. nov. (H). Scale: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Fannia pretiosa-group (Diptera: Fanniidae) from Mexico: six new species from the Mexico Transition Zone and an identification key
FIGURE 2. Fannia abdominiseta sp. nov. Male: head, frontal view (A); habitus, dorsal view (B); habitus, lateral view (C); fore tarsi (D); mid leg, anterior view (E); hind leg, anterior view (F). Scale: 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Fannia pretiosa-group (Diptera: Fanniidae) from Mexico: six new species from the Mexico Transition Zone and an identification key
FIGURE 1. Fannia amplitarsis sp. nov., anterior apical seta of mid tibia ⅔ the length of basitarsus (black triangle), anterodorsal view (A); Fannia arcuata, anterior apical seta of mid tibia 1/2 length of basitarsus (black triangle), anterodorsal view (B); Fannia amplitarsis sp. nov., hind coxa with two posterior setae (white triangle), posterior view (C); Fannia anguliseta sp. nov., hind coxa bare posteriorly (white triangle), posterior view (D); Fannia anguliseta sp. nov., syntergosternite with 2 pairs of curved lateral setae twice longer than sternite 5 (white triangle), lateral view (E); Fannia pedregalensis sp. nov., syntergosternite without any curved lateral setae longer than sternite 5 (white triangle), lateral view (F); Fannia grisalesae sp. nov., mid basitarsus with the basal fourth enlarged and covered with four long and thick curved setae (black triangle), lateral view (G); Fannia gilvitarsis, mid basitarsus enlarged ventrally (black triangle), lateral view (H). Scale: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 8 in Fannia pretiosa-group (Diptera: Fanniidae) from Mexico: six new species from the Mexico Transition Zone and an identification key
FIGURE 8. Fannia anguliseta sp. nov. Male: head, frontal view (A); habitus, dorsal view (B); habitus, lateral view (C); fore tarsi (D); mid leg, anterior view (E); hind leg, anterior view (F). Scale: 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Fannia pretiosa-group (Diptera: Fanniidae) from Mexico: six new species from the Mexico Transition Zone and an identification key
FIGURE 6. Fannia, male, aedeagus and associates structures, dorsal view: F. abdominiseta sp. nov. (A); F. amplitarsis sp. nov. (B); F. anguliseta sp. nov. (C); F. arcuata (D); F. bisetata sp. nov. (E); F. gilvitarsis (F); F. grisalesae sp. nov. (G); F. pedregalensis sp. nov. (H). Scale: 0.1 mm.
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