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30 results for “tree characteristics”
Toklat River Fire in Denali National Park and Preserve: Site level environmental, soil, tree, vegetation, and fire characteristics measured in 2016
This dataset contains site-level average estimated of environmental, soil, tree, vegetation, and fire characteristics measured in 2016, three years after the Toklat River Fire in Denali National Park and Preserve. Measured parameters include latitude, longitude, slope, aspect, elevation, moisture classification, bulk density of the surface soil, residual organic soil depth, thaw depth, burn depth, density and basal area of all tree species pre-fire, the density of all tree species post-fire, estimates of above- and below-ground carbon combustion, and understory vegetation turnover from pre-fire to post-fire. There is also data on seed trap collection and experimental regeneration of seedlings collected in 2017 and 2018 at a subset of sites.
Data from : Damage to tropical forests caused by tropical cyclones is driven by wind speed but mediated by topographical exposure and tree characteristics
<p>These datasets have been used in the following paper:</p> <p>Ibanez, T., Bauman, B., Aiba, S.-i., Arsouze, T. Bellingham, P.J., Birkinshaw, C., Birnbaum, P., Curran, T.J., DeWalt, S.J., Dwyer, J., Fourcaud, T., Franklin, J., Kohyama, T.S., Menkes, C. Metcalfe, D.J., Murphy, H., Muscarella, R., Plunkett, G.M., Sam, C., Tanner, E., Taylor, B.N., Thompson, J., Ticktin, T., Tuiwawa, M.V., Uriarte, U., Webb, E.L., Zimmerman, J.K., Keppel, G. Damage to tropical forests caused by tropical cyclones is driven by wind speed but mediated by topographical exposure and tree characteristics. Accepted for publication in <em>Global Change Biology</em>.</p> <p>Data users are invited to cite this paper and the original paper(s) corresponding to the data they use (see "Reference" column in each dataset). We also encourage potential users to contact the data owners for collaboration.</p> <p>These datasets are compiled empirical data on the damage caused by 11 cyclones occurring over the past 40 years, from 74 forest plots representing tropical regions worldwide. Damage are given at the tree (whether or not each tree has been uprooted or snapped) and at the plot level (number of uprooted or snapped trees in each plot).</p> <p>MSW: Maximum sustained wind speed (m.s-1)</p> <p>EXP: Topographical exposure to wind</p> <p>DBH: Diameter at breast height (cm)</p> <p>WD: Wood density (g.cm-3)</p>
Figs. 5 and 6. Results from cluster and linkage tree analyses. Fig. 5 in Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) response to habitat characteristics of tropical montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico
Figs. 5 and 6. Results from cluster and linkage tree analyses. Fig. 5. Dendrogram of hierarchical standardized clustering based on the SØrensen similarity index of the studied fragments. The cophenetic correlation coefficient of the cluster is 0.89. The dendrogram displays with continuous lines the divisions for which the SIMPROF test rejects the null hypothesis (where assemblages in that group have no further structure to explore) and with dashed lines the groups of assemblages not separated (at P <0.05) by SIMPROF. Fig. 6. Linkage tree analysis (LINKTREE) showing divisive clustering of fragments (F1–F5) from species compositions constrained by inequalities on one or more environmental variables. Only binary partitions of uncorrelated environmental variables are shown in the cluster. The dendrogram displays with continuous lines the divisions for which the SIMPROF test rejects the null hypothesis (where assemblages in that group have no further structure to explore) and with dashed lines the groups of assemblages not separated (at P <0.05) by SIMPROF.
Figure 2 in Edaphic characteristics and environmental impact of rubber tree plantations on soil mite (Acari) communities
Figure 2 Abundance logarithmic transformation – logx (+1) of Gamasida (A) and Oribatida (B) major groups across the land use types. SF: secondary forests, R7: 7-year-old rubber plantations, R12: 12- year-old rubber plantations, R25: 25-year-old rubber plantations. N = 120; one-way ANOVA test,p
Phylogenetic conservatism in the relationship between functional and demographic characteristics in Amazon tree taxa
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Tree characteristics of 84 aspen that were alive and 76 that were dead when sampled in 2016 from 22 plots (8 sites) that are a part of the Cooperative Alaska Forest Inventory (CAFI)
This dataset contains diameter at breast height (DBH) in 2016 and 1997, canopy position in 2016, last year of full growth, year of death, year established, age at last year of full growth, and age at year of death of 84 aspen that were alive and 76 that were dead in 2016 from 22 plots (8 sites) that are a part of the Cooperative Alaska Forest Inventory (CAFI).
Data from: Characteristics of Narcondam Hornbill Rhyticeros narcondami nest trees
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The global distribution of the Narcondam Hornbill is restricted to the small Narcondam Island spread over an area of 6.8 sq. km in the Andaman Sea. In this study, we describe the nest site characteristics, and abundance of the Narcondam Hornbill nest tree species based on 33 nests (active and potential) that we observed during our study period. We describe nests that we found in 13 tree species including some species which have not been reported in the past literature. The nest trees varied in girth from 103 – 380 cm, and the nest height varied from 4 – 31 m. Abundance of most of the nest tree species was highest in the low (0 – 200 m above mean sea level (ASL)) and mid (200 – 400 m ASL) elevations. The overall density of large trees decreased from lower to higher elevations pointing towards potential reduced nesting opportunities in higher elevations. While more than 57% of cavities were between north-west and north-east facing, 21% of the cavities were south-west and west facing. We have also compiled the list of known Narcondam Hornbill nest tree species based on this and previous studies. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Influence of tree hollow characteristics and forest structure on saproxylic beetle diversity in tree hollows in managed forests in a regional comparison
<p>Tree hollows are among the rarest habitats in today's Central European managed forests but are considered key structures for high biodiversity in forests. To analyze and compare the effects of tree hollow characteristics and forest structure on diversity of saproxylic beetles in tree hollows in differently structured managed forests, we examined between 41 and 50 tree hollows in beech trees in each of three state forest management districts in Germany.</p> <p>During the two-year study, we collected 283 saproxylic beetle species (5880 individuals; 22% threatened species), using emergence traps. At small spatial scales, size of hollow entrance and number of surrounding microhabitat structures positively influenced beetle diversity, while stage of wood mould decomposition had a negative influence, across all three forest districts. We utilized forest inventory data to analyze the effects of forest structure in radii of 50 to 500 m around tree hollows on saproxylic beetle diversity in the hollows. At these larger spatial scales, the three forest management districts differed remarkably regarding the parameters that influenced saproxylic beetle diversity in tree hollows. In Ebrach, characterized by mostly deciduous trees, the amount of dead wood positively influenced beetle diversity. In the mostly coniferous Fichtelberg forest district, with highly isolated tree hollows, in contrast, only the proportion of beech trees around the focal tree hollows showed a positive influence on beetle diversity. In Kelheim, characterized by mixed forest stands, there were no significant relationships between forest structure and beetle diversity in tree hollows.</p> <p>In this study, the same local tree hollow parameters influenced saproxylic beetle diversity in all three study regions, while parameters of forest structure at larger spatial scales differed in their importance, depending on tree-species composition.</p>
Identity and characteristics of feathers used as lining in Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nests in Indiana and Ohio
<p><span>Nest building represents an important part of parental investment and can significantly impact reproductive success in many bird species. Tree Swallows (<em>Tachycineta bicolor</em>) are secondary cavity nesters that readily accept nest boxes and construct basic grass nest cups lined with molted feathers from other bird species. We identified and described the characteristics of the feathers used as nesting materials by Tree Swallows in 4 different habitats in Indiana and Ohio. We monitored 41 nest boxes in 2017 and 53 nest boxes in 2018. After chicks fledged, we collected feathers from nests, counted them, and characterized them by size, color, and type. Brown, medium length (5–10 cm), and contour feathers were significantly more common than other types of feathers. We compared the prevalence and characteristics of feathers in nests across different habitat types, with results showing that nests located near lakes had significantly more feathers than those in agricultural habitats. We identified which species feathers belonged to using molecular techniques and morphological comparisons and found that they belonged to 26 species from 19 families and 11 orders: Galliformes, Anseriformes, Columbiformes, Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Pelecaniformes, Accipitriformes, Strigiformes, Piciformes, Cathartiformes, and Passeriformes, including 20 previously unreported species within those orders. Thus, feathers used as nest lining by Tree Swallows are more diverse than previously reported. Feather identities from each habitat matched avian communities in those areas, suggesting that Tree Swallows are generalist feather collectors and that the number and characteristics of feathers used as lining depends on feather availability near the nesting site. </span></p>
Data from: Contrasting sap flow characteristics between pioneer and late-successional tree species in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya, India
Abstract The interactive role of life-history traits and environmental forcing on plant-water relations is crucial for understanding species response to climate change but remains poorly understood in secondary tropical montane forests (TMFs). Comparing contrasting life-history traits (pioneer vs late-successional species) in a biodiverse Eastern Himalayan secondary TMF, we investigated sap flow responses in co-occurring pioneer species, Symplocos racemosa (n=5) and Eurya acuminata (n=5), and late-successional species, Castanopsis hystrix (n=3), using modified Granier's Thermal Dissipation probes. The fast-growing pioneers S. racemosa and E. acuminata) had 2.1- and 1.6-times higher sap flux density than the late-successional C. hystrix, respectively, and exhibited characteristics of long-lived pioneer species. Significant radial and azimuthal variability in sap flow (V) between species was observed and attributed to life history traits and the canopy's access to sunlight. Nocturnal V (1800-0500 hr) was 13.8 % of daily V and is attributed to stem recharge for evening V (1800-2300 hr) and to endogenous stomatal controls for pre-dawn V (0000-0500 hr). Both the shallow-rooted pioneer species exhibited midday depression in V attributed to photosensitivity and diel moisture stress response. In contrast, deep-rooted C. hystrix transpired unaffected across the dry season likely accessing groundwater. Thus, the secondary broadleaved TMFs, with the dominance of shallow-rooted pioneers, are more prone to the negative impacts of drier and warmer winters than primary forests, which are dominated by deep-rooted species. The study provides an empirical understanding of life-history traits and microclimate modulating plant-water use in widely distributed secondary TMFs in Eastern Himalaya and highlights their vulnerability against warmer winters and reduced snowfall due to climate change.
Data from: Contrasting sap flow characteristics between pioneer and late-successional tree species in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya, India
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Species-specific water-use characteristics of trees in old-growth and secondary tropical forests of Thailand
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Data from: Characteristics of Narcondam Hornbill Rhyticeros narcondami nest trees
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Influence of tree hollow characteristics and forest structure on saproxylic beetle diversity in tree hollows in managed forests in a regional comparison
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Data from:Quantitative wood anatomical characteristics, basal area increments (BAI) and tree-ring derived intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) for three coniferous tree species in Central Spain
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Identity and characteristics of feathers used as lining in Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nests in Indiana and Ohio
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Characteristics of households that were interviewed in a study that investigated factors driving tree species in cocoa farms in Cote d'Ivoire
<p>1. Intensive cocoa production in Côte d'Ivoire, the World's leading cocoa producer, has grown at the expense of forest cover. To reverse this trend, the country has adopted a 'zero deforestation' agricultural policy and committed to rehabilitate its forest cover through the planting of high-value tree species in cocoa landscapes using a participatory approach. However, less is known on the factors influencing farmers' introduction of high-value tree species in cocoa landscapes.</p> <p>2. We tested the hypothesis that ten factors previously reported to influence agroforestry systems adoption predict the number and choice of tree species that farmers introduce in cocoa farms. We interviewed 683 households in the cocoa-producing zone of Côte d'Ivoire and counted tree species in their cocoa farms.</p> <p>3. On average two tree species were recorded per surveyed farm. Generalized Poisson regression models revealed that cocoa production area, experience in tree planting and expected benefits influence tree species introduction through planting or 'retention' when clearing land for cocoa establishment. Age of farmer also influenced (P = 0.017) farmers' tree species planting in cocoa farms. Few tree species were introduced in current intensive cocoa-production areas than in 'old cocoa-loop' and forested areas. The number of tree species introduced in cocoa farms increased with expected benefits and experience in tree planting. The number of planted tree species also increased with farmers' age. Tree species were mostly selected for provision of shade to cocoa, production of useful tree products (38%) and income from the sale of these products (7%). Fruit tree species were the most planted while timber tree species were mostly spared when clearing land for cocoa production.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications. Agroforestry is gaining momentum in Côte d'Ivoire, as public and private institutions including the World Agroforestry Centre are developing and deploying multi-strata cocoa-based agroforestry systems. The results of the present study can guide the design and implementation of biodiverse cocoa-based agroforestry in the cocoa-producing zones of the country</p>
Data from: Seed quality and seed quantity in red maple depends on weather and individual tree characteristics
<p>Under future climate change, plant species are expected to shift their ranges in response to increasing temperatures and altered precipitation patterns. As seeds represent the single opportunity for plants to move, it is critical to quantify the factors that influence reproduction. While total seed production is clearly important, seed quality is equally as critical and often overlooked. Thus, to quantify how environmental and tree-level characteristics affect seed quality and quantity, the reproductive output of red maple (<i>Acer rubrum</i>) was measured along an elevation gradient in the Monongahela National Forest, WV. A variety of individual-level characteristics were measured (i.e., DBH, canopy area, tree cores), and seed traps were placed under seed-bearing trees to collect samaras and quantify total seed production. A random subsample of collected seeds from each tree were micro-CT scanned to determine embryo volume, photographed for morphology measurements, and used for germination trials. The number of seeds produced was negatively affected by frost events during flowering, and stand density. The trees with the most seeds also showed reduced growth in recent years. Only 63% of scanned seeds showed embryo development, and of those seeds – only 23% germinated. The likelihood of embryo presence increased as growth rate decreased, while embryo size increased with tree height, smaller DBH, and in areas dominated by hemlock. Both larger embryo volume and larger overall seed size increased the likelihood of germination. The results highlight the importance of including seed quality in addition to seed quantity for a more complete representation of reproductive output.</p>
Data from: Long term impacts of selective logging on two Amazonian tree species with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics: inferences from Eco-gene model simulations
The impact of logging and subsequent recovery after logging is predicted to vary depending on specific life history traits of the logged species. The Eco-gene simulation model was used to evaluate the long-term impacts of selective logging over 300 years on two contrasting Brazilian Amazon tree species, Dipteryx odorata and Jacaranda copaia. D. odorata (Leguminosae), a slow growing climax tree, occurs at very low densities, whereas J. copaia (Bignoniaceae) is a fast growing pioneer tree that occurs at high densities. Microsatellite multilocus genotypes of the pre-logging populations were used as data inputs for the Eco-gene model and post-logging genetic data was used to verify the output from the simulations. Overall, under current Brazilian forest management regulations, there were neither short nor long-term impacts on J. copaia. By contrast, D. odorata cannot be sustainably logged under current regulations, a sustainable scenario was achieved by increasing the minimum cutting diameter at breast height from 50 to 100 cm over 30-year logging cycles. Genetic parameters were only slightly affected by selective logging, with reductions in the numbers of alleles and single genotypes. In the short term, the loss of alleles seen in J. copaia simulations was the same as in real data, whereas fewer alleles were lost in D. odorata simulations than in the field. The different impacts and periods of recovery for each species support the idea that ecological and genetic information are essential at species, ecological guild or reproductive group levels to help derive sustainable management scenarios for tropical forests.
FIG. 9. Bayesian tree inferred using D2-D3 28S in Analyses of morphological and molecular characteristics of Telotylenchinae from Iran point at the validity of the genera Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus
FIG. 9. Bayesian tree inferred using D2-D3 28S rDNA sequences. Posterior probabilities (pp) exceeding 0.65 are given on appropriate clades, bifurcations with pp above 0.95 are considered to be well-supported. Nematode species and GenBank numbers are listed for each taxon. In bold: newly generated D2-D3 28S rDNA sequences. With regard to Telotylenchinae Clades (indicated in Roman figures) we adhered to Handoo et al. (2014)
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Allen Brain Atlas
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