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82 results for “tree density”
Overwintering Fires from 2009-2010 Burns near Fairbanks, Alaska: Pre-fire Tree Species Density and Combustion Collected 2023
This dataset contains data from adjacent overwintering and single-season burn sites. For the overwintering fires, we targeted locations that had burned in the summers of 2009, smouldered through the winter months, and reignited in 2010. Adjacent to these overwintering sites, we identified single-season burn sites from within portions of the 2009 fires that were unaffected by overwintering. A total of seven overwintering fire sites and four single-season fire sites were sampled. Data inlcudes within plot measurments of post-fire seedling composition and density, residual SOL, burn depth estimated by black spruce adventitious roots, thaw depth, and pre-fire tree species composition and estimates of combustion. This is one of three packages from this project; this one contains the pre-fire tree species density and combustion data.
Supplementary Material: "A Density-Based Algorithm for the Detection of Individual Trees from LiDAR Data"
<p><strong>Supplementary Material</strong></p> <p>This material regards the paper entitled "<em>A Density-Based Algorithm for the Detection of Individual Trees from LiDAR Data</em>".</p> <p>The Readme.txt file explains all the contents of the data package, which consists of the data supporting the paper and the MATLAB script for the Individual Tree Detection and Measurement (ITDM).</p> <p>Please cite the related article if using the data or the script.</p> <p>Latella, M., Sola, F., & Camporeale, C. (2021). A Density-Based Algorithm for the Detection of Individual Trees from LiDAR Data. Remote Sensing, 13(2), 322.</p>
Global patterns of tree wood density
<p>Wood density is a fundamental property related to tree biomechanics and hydraulic function while playing a crucial role in assessing vegetation carbon stocks by linking volumetric retrieval and a mass estimate. This study provides a high-resolution map of the global distribution of tree wood density at the 0.01º (~1 km) spatial resolution, derived from four decision trees machine learning models using a global database of 28,822 tree-level wood density measurements. An ensemble of four top-performing models, combined with eight cross-validation strategies shows great consistency, providing wood density patterns with pronounced spatial heterogeneity. The global pattern shows lower wood density values in northern and northwestern Europe, Canadian forest regions, and slightly higher values in Siberia forests, western USA, and southern China. In contrast, tropical regions, especially wet tropical areas, exhibit high wood density. Climatic predictors explain 49~63% of spatial variations, followed by vegetation characteristics (25~31%) and edaphic properties (11~16%). Notably, leaf type (evergreen vs. deciduous) and leaf habit type (broadleaved vs. needleleaved) are the most dominant individual features among all selected predictive covariates. Wood density tends to be higher for angiosperm broadleaf trees compared to gymnosperm needleleaf trees, particularly for evergreen species. The distributions of wood density categorized by leaf types and leaf habit types have good agreement with the features observed in wood density measurements. This global map quantifying wood density distribution can help improve accurate predictions of forest carbon stocks, providing deeper insights into ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling such as forest vulnerability to hydraulic and thermal stresses in the context of future climate change. </p> <h3>Research Funding</h3> <ul> <li>GlobBiomass DUE Project. Grant Number: <span>4000113100/14/I-NB</span></li> <li>German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action. Grant Number: <span>50EE1904</span></li> <li>ESM2025</li> <li>H2020 European Research Council. Grant Number: <span>855187</span></li> <li>International Max Planck Research School for Biogeochemical Cycles</li> <li>ESA IFBN project. Grant Number: <span>4000114425/15/NL/FF/gp</span></li> <li>ESA FRM4BIOMASS. Grant Number: <span>4000142684/23/I-EF-bgh</span></li> <li>Poland National Centre for Research and Development REMBIOFOR project. Grant Number: <span>BIOSTRATEG1/267755/4/NCBR/2015</span></li> </ul>
Alaska 2004 Burns: Densities of tree seedlings after fire; measured in 2006, 2008, 2011, and 2017 by Joint Fire Science Program
This dataset contains counts and densities of tree seedlings that established naturally in the years after the 2004 burns in interior Alaska. Records are from a network of 90 sites established in 2005 along the Steese, Taylor, and Dalton highways as part of a Joint Fire Science Project. Counts are reported here for sample years in 2006, 2008, 2011, and 2017.
White Spruce NPP: Tree density and basal area by diameter sizeclass in upland and floodplain mid- and late-successional stands: 1989-2008
This data set is derived from BNZ LTER inventory plots. Stand density and basal area are listed by diameter size class of live white spruce trees for each replicate stand within mid-successional and mature white spruce stands within both floodplain and upland landscapes by year from 1989-2008.
Aspen NPP: Tree density and basal area by diameter sizeclass in upland mid- and late-successional stands: 1989-2008
This data set is derived from BNZ LTER inventory plots. Stand density and basal area are listed by diameter size class of live aspen trees for each replicate stand within mid-successional upland landscapes by year from 1989-2008.
Birch NPP: Tree density and basal area by diameter sizeclass in upland and flooplain mid- and late-successional stands: 1989-2008
This data set is derived from BNZ LTER inventory plots. Stand density and basal area are listed by diameter size class of live Alaskan paper birch trees for each replicate stand within mid- and late- successional upland upland and landscapes by year from 1989-2008.
Balsam Poplar NPP: Tree density and basal area by diameter sizeclass in upland and flooplain mid- and late-successional stands: 1989-2008
This data set is derived from BNZ LTER inventory plots. Stand density and basal area are listed by diameter size class of live balsam poplar trees for each replicate stand within mid- and late-successional upland and floodplain landscapes by year from 1989-2008.
Dalton and Nenana study site data including: invasive plant density estimates, invasive plant density, soil data, seedling estimates for dominant tree species and ground cover estimates for sites
This dataset contains invasive plant and stand level data for study sites along the Dalton and Parks highways in interior Alaska in the summer of 2012. Study sites were situated in burned and mature black spruce forests to compare invasive plant colonization patterns. Invasive plant density estimates along the road adjacent to each site are included, as well as invasive plant density within study sites. Other data includes ground cover estimates for dominant ground cover types, estimates of seedling abundance for dominant tree species, soil paramters (mineral soil pH and mineral soil moisture, residual organic layer/ organic layer depths, and active layer depths).
Environment and density-dependency explain the fine-scale distribution of tree recruits before and after thinning
<p>Dataset used in the article "Environment and density-dependency explain the fine-scale distribution of tree recruits before and after thinning" in PeerJ</p>
August–September temperature reconstruction over the period 1792–2020 based on a tree-ring maximum latewood density
<p>We present a late summer (August–September) temperature reconstruction over the period<br> 1792–2020 based on a tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) chronology for the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP).<br> The reconstruction explained 66.2% of the variance in the instrumental temperature records during the calibration period<br> 1960–2020.</p>
Far northeastern Siberia boreal forest data: Larch tree snag (dead tree) size distribution across a density gradient
This dataset includes basal diameter (bd) or diameter at breast height (DBH) of dead larch trees (snags) within four stands near Cherskii, Siberia. Data have not been published.
Far northeastern Siberia boreal forest data: Larch tree size distribution across a density gradient
This dataset includes basal diameter (bd) or diameter at breast height (DBH) of larch trees within four stands near Cherskii, Siberia. Data have not been published.
Tree densities of black and white spruce in the Brooks Range, Alaska
Although black spruce is the dominant treeline species in the eastern boreal forest, its distribution stops several kilometers short of treeline in the Brooks Range in Alaska, and white spruce is the dominant treeline species. The explanation for this distribution is not known, but two hypotheses are plausible. First, black spruce may be less tolerant of climatic conditions near treeline than white spruce. Second, black spruce may be unable to regenerate successfully near treeline due to long intervals between fires. We are establishing permanently marked study plots along a transect from the Yukon River basin, where black spruce is the dominant species, to the foothills of the Brooks Range, where it reaches its distributional limit. We are reconstructing recruitment history of both black and white spruce at our study sites, and are reconstructing recent fire history from analysis of fire scars and stand age structures. These data are being used to parameterize matrix population models, with which we are describing patterns of population stability.
Tree regeneration after fire: Delta 1994 burn surveys, Data from one soil sample/transect to obtain bulk density.
Data for this study were collected in 2001 and 2002 by Jill Johnstone (University of Alaska Fairbanks) and Eric Kasischke (University of Maryland). Sites were located within the perimeter of the 1994 burn southeast of Delta Junction Alaska, USA, bordering the Alaska Highway to the North and the Gerstle River to the West. Sites were selected from satellite classifications prepared by Eric Kasischke to represent different levels of burn severity and post-fire vegetation canopy greenness (NDVI). Site selection was constrained by road access, and only areas where all trees had been killed by the fire were selected. At each site, a central point was located in an area of visually homogeneous vegetation. Five parallel transects, each 50 m long, were laid out as follows: 1) the first transect started at the central point and followed a randomly-selected compass direction, 2) two additional transects were established parallel to the first, but at a random distance from the central transect up to 25 m distant. Vegetation was sampled in a 2-m wide belt centered on each transect, and soil samples were made at intervals along the transect line. Vegetation measurements included: a) basal diameters of all pre-fire trees greater than 1.3 m in height, b) counts of all post-fire tree seedlings, and c) basal diameters of tree seedlings and willows, measured in a randomly chosen 5x2 m portion of each transect. General notes were made on visual percent cover of different vegetation growth forms at the site. Destructive measurements of tree seedlings and willows made in 2001 were used to develop allometric equations to predict dry biomass from basal diameter. Measurements of soil organic layer depth were made at 5 m intervals with the use of a spade to excavate small chunks of sod. At one randomly-selected sample point per transect, a 10x10 cm sample of the organic layer was collected for bulk density measurements. Bulk density samples were dried in a 60degC oven for 48 hours and then w
Tree seedling densities across an elevation and moisture gradient from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1996 to 1999
First year seedling densities of all woody perennials (trees, vines, shrubs) were censused across five permanent vegetation plots to compare spatial distributions with adult trees, seed densities and seed bank densities.
SOM density fractions beneath trees of different mycorrhizal types in New England forests
Recent work suggests mycorrhizal fungi are important drivers of soil organic matter dynamics; however, whether this is a result of the fungi themselves or related traits of their host trees remains unclear. We evaluated how tree mycorrhizal associations and foliar chemistry influence mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) in temperate forests of northern New England, USA. We measured carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations and C:N of three soil density fractions beneath six tree species that vary in both mycorrhizal association and foliar chemistry. We found a significant decline in the concentration of MAOM C and N with increasing foliar C:N in soil beneath tree species with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), but not ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. The C:N of POM and MAOM was positively associated with the foliar C:N of the dominant tree species in a forest, and MAOM C:N was also higher beneath ECM- rather than AM-associated tree species. These results add to the growing body of support for mycorrhizal fungi as predictors of soil C and N dynamics, and suggest that C concentration in the MAOM fraction is more sensitive to organic matter chemistry beneath AM-associated tree species. Because MAOM decomposition is thought to be less responsive than POM decomposition to changes in soil temperature and moisture, differences in the tendency of AM- vs. ECM-dominated forests to support MAOM formation and persistence may lead to systematic differences in the response of these forest types to ongoing climate change. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Data from: Negative density dependence in the mortality and growth of tropical tree seedlings is strong, and primarily caused by fungal pathogens
<ol> <li class="Body">Natural enemies have been implicated as agents of negative density dependence (NDD) in tropical forests, but their relative contributions to NDD, and thus to the maintenance of diversity, are largely unknown.</li> <li class="Body">We monitored the rates of survival and relative growth rates on seedlings for ten years in tropical moist forest in Manu National Park, Peru. We then experimentally manipulated the plots to exclude fungal pathogens, insects, small mammals, and large mammals for an additional 31 months to assess the influence of these natural enemies on density-dependent interactions among tropical seedlings.</li> <li class="Body">Fungal pathogens made the most important contribution to negative density dependence. The application of fungicide led to lower mortality rates, faster growth rates, and decreased species diversity. Other taxa of natural enemies had at most minor effects on seedling performance.</li> <li class="Body"> <i>Synthesis. </i>We conclude that fungal pathogens are the strongest contributors to the widely observed NDD that occurs among seedlings. Moreover, the presence of fungal pathogens augments the species diversity of seedlings, indicating their critical contribution to the maintenance of species coexistence and the structure of tropical tree communities.</li> </ol>
Data for: The interplay of environmental cues and wood density in the vegetative and reproductive phenology of seasonally dry tropical forest trees
<p>The great phenological diversification characteristic of seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) suggests that these patterns result from a complex interplay between exogenous (e.g., climatic) and endogenous (e.g., morphological, physiological, anatomical) factors. Based on the well-established relationships of wood density with water-storing capacity and cavitation vulnerability in woody plants, we hypothesized differential vegetative and reproductive phenological responses to environmental cues for hardwood and softwood species. To test this hypothesis, we compared phenological patterns of pairs of conspecific populations of 10 species differing in wood density, occurring in two localities with slightly different climatic regimes, and evaluated the influence of three environmental variables (rainfall, photoperiod, temperature) on them. Our results, based on the assessment of the overlap of the phenological curves of conspecific populations occurring in different sites and on linear modeling, showed different effects of the environmental factors on phenophase attributes, depending on wood density of the study species, thus supporting our hypothesis. Leaf out in softwood species took place in the dry season, they shed the foliage at the first signs of drought, and once leafless, they flowered and fruited shortly after. By contrast, hardwood species bore leaves and flowers in the rainy season, shed their leaves several months after the rain ceased, and produced fruits during the dry season. We conclude that the role of environmental variables in cueing growth and reproduction cycles in SDTF tree species is interrelated with their wood density, a key endogenous factor crucially linked to plant hydraulics in these water-limited ecosystems.</p>
Do natural enemies mediate conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence of trees? A meta-analysis of exclusion experiments
<p>Conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence is believed to be one of the most important mechanisms controlling forest community assembly and species diversity globally. Plant pathogens, and insect and mammalian herbivores, are the most common natural enemy types that have been implicated in this phenomenon, but their general effects at different plant life stages are still unclear. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of studies that involved robust manipulative experiments, using fungicides, insecticides, or exclosures, to assess the contributions of different natural enemy types to distance- and density-dependent effects at seed and seedling stages. We found that conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence was more common at the seedling stage. Only 30% of studies showed significant conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence. Among those studies, applying fungicides significantly reduced the effect of conspecific negative distance -dependent mortality. Excluding large mammals reduced the effect of conspecifics, but with only marginal significance (p < 0.1). Our study confirms that plant pathogens have a significant impact on distance -dependent mortality and suggests that the impacts of herbivores on seedlings have been understudied. At the seed stage, large and small mammals, respectively, appear to weaken and enhance negative conspecific distance-dependent mortality. Future research should identify specific agents of mortality, investigate the interactions among different enemy types, and assess how global change may affect natural enemies and thus influence the strength of conspecific distance- and density-dependence.</p>
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