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23 results for “tree physiology”
Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand
<p><span>Three major forest types in lowland Thailand and its adjacent parts in Southeast Asia are mixed deciduous forest (MDF), dry dipterocarp forest (DDF) and dry evergreen forest (DEF). We report the leaf physiology of canopy trees in these forests. The leaf mass-based photosynthetic rates (<em>A</em><sub>max</sub>), stomatal conductance (<em>G</em><sub>max</sub>) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency were significantly different between the deciduous forests (MDF and DDF) and the evergreen forest (DEF). The canopy trees of MDF with thick, eutrophic soils had the highest intrinsic water use efficiency (<em>A</em><sub>max</sub>/<em>G</em><sub>max</sub>) among the forest types. Forest-to-forest variations in leaf mass area were related to different nutrient use strategies (less vs. more conservative) associated with different soil nutrients rather than with leaf phenology/longevity. In the interspecific variations within each forest, <em>A</em><sub>max</sub> in MDF and DEF was limited by foliar phosphate, whereas that in DDF was limited by foliar nitrogen. The close association between leaf physiology and soil properties suggests that climate change and increasing human impacts will disrupt this association, leading to forest degradation and dysfunction.</span></p>
Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand
<p>The major forest types in lowland Thailand and its adjacent parts in Southeast Asia with the distinct dry season are the mixed deciduous forest (MDF), dry dipterocarp forest (DDF) and dry evergreen forest (DEF). We report the first comprehensive data set in leaf physiology of canopy trees in these three forest types and clarify adaptive functional differences of woody plants among three forests. Unlike temperate forests, the forest variations in leaf mass per area (LMA) were related to nutrient use strategies (less vs. more conservative) associated with soil nutrients rather than with leaf phenology (evergreen vs. deciduous). In the interspecific variations within each forest, <em>A<sub>max</sub></em> in MDF and DEF was limited by foliar phosphate, whereas that in DDF was limited by foliar nitrogen. The close association between leaf physiology and soil properties suggests that climate change and increasing human impacts will disrupt this association, leading to forest degradation and dysfunction.</p>
Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand
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Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand
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Physiological tolerance to frost and drought explains range limits of 35 European tree species
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Spatial heterogeneity in soil pyrogenic carbon mediates tree growth and physiology following wildfire
<table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Pyrogenic carbon (PyC) is a ubiquitous legacy of wildfire in terrestrial soils, yet how it affects the growth and function of regenerating plants has received little research attention.<br> <br> We examined responses to a natural gradient of PyC deposition five years following a severe fire in a northern boreal forest, based on measurements of growth (height, basal area increment, and leader extension), physiological performance (Fv/Fm), and foliar nutrition (foliar C, N, P, K, Mg) of Pinus banksiana Lamb. We determined the concentration of PyC, expressed as a dosage (t·ha-1), in mineral soils collected from the rhizospheres of each sapling and used it as an independent factor to model trait responses to increasing PyC levels, in conjunction with measurements of soil physio-chemical properties (pH, EC, VOC, Ash, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg).<br> <br> Quantification and spatial analysis of PyC reveals heterogeneous deposition across the landscape with fine-grained patchiness at scales <0.5 m. In response to this heterogeneity, phenotypic and nutritional adjustments followed dose-dependent response patterns. Beneficial effects of PyC on sapling growth occurred to an optimum point of ~30-60 t·ha-1, while declining patterns were found for trees in dosages exceeding 100 t·ha-1. Some traits were positively and negatively related to soil K and N, respectively, and shared strong negative associations with soil pH and volatile matter.<br> <br> Synthesis. This study supports the longstanding hypothesis that soil PyC enhances growth and physiological function of fire-adapted plants, but indicates that responses are highly dosage-dependent, with natural levels of PyC deposition commonly exceeding an optimum point. These results also suggest that the main mechanisms for observed responses to PyC include: i) enhanced supply of base cations, ii) immobilization of N, and iii) pronounced liming. Future changes in climate are expected to increase fire frequency, particularly in circumpolar boreal forests. We predict shifts in PyC to frequently exceed the threshold resulting in reduced plant growth and ultimately ecosystem productivity.</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Data from: Effects of dry-season irrigation on leaf physiology and biomass allocation in tropical lianas and trees
Lianas are more abundant in seasonal forests than in wetter forests and are thought to perform better than trees when light is abundant and water is limited. We tested the hypothesis that lianas perform better than trees during seasonal drought using a common garden experiment with 12 taxonomically diverse species (6 liana and 6 tree species) in 12 replicated plots. We irrigated six of the plots during the dry season for four years, while the remaining 6 control plots received only ambient rainfall. In year 5, we measured stem diameters for all individuals and harvested above- and belowground biomass for a subset of individuals to quantify absolute growth and biomass allocation to roots, stems, and leaves, as well as total root length and maximum rooting depth. We also measured photosynthesis, intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), pre-dawn and midday water potential, and a set of functional and hydraulic traits. During the peak of the dry season, lianas in control plots had 54% higher predawn leaf water potentials (ΨPD), and 45% higher photosynthetic rates than trees in control plots. By contrast, during the peak of the wet season, these physiological differences between lianas and trees become less pronounced and, in some cases, even disappeared. Trees had higher SLA than lianas; however, no other functional trait differed between growth forms. Trees responded to the irrigation treatment with 15% larger diameters and 119% greater biomass than trees in control plots. Liana growth, however, did not respond to irrigation; liana diameter and biomass were similar in control and irrigation plots, suggesting that lianas were far less limited by soil moisture than were trees. Contrary to previous hypotheses, lianas did not have deeper roots than trees; however, lianas had longer roots per stem diameter than did trees. Our results support the hypothesis that lianas perform better and experience less physiological stress than trees during seasonal drought, suggesting clear differences between growth forms in response to altered rainfall regimes. Ultimately, better dry-season performance may explain why liana abundance peaks in seasonal forests compared to trees, which peak in abundance in less seasonal, wetter forests.
Differential nutrient limitation and tree height control leaf physiology, supporting niche partitioning in tropical dipterocarp forests
<p><span>Revealing the mechanisms of environmental niche partitioning within lowland tropical forests is important for understanding the drivers of current species distributions and potential vulnerability to environmental change. Tropical forest structure and species composition change across edaphic gradients in Borneo over short distances. However, our understanding of how edaphic conditions affect tree physiology and whether these relationships drive niche partitioning within Bornean forests remains incomplete. </span></p> <p><span>This study evaluated how leaf physiological function changes with nutrient availability across a fine-scale edaphic gradient and whether these relationships vary according to tree height. Furthermore, we tested whether intraspecific leaf trait variation allows generalist species to populate a wider range of environments.</span></p> <p><span>We measured leaf traits of 218 trees ranging in height from 4 to 66 m from 13 dipterocarp species within four tropical forest types (alluvial, mudstone, sandstone, kerangas) occurring along an < 5km edaphic gradient in North Borneo. The traits measured included saturating photosynthesis (<em>A</em><sub>sat</sub>), maximum photosynthetic capacity (<em>V</em><sub>cmax</sub>), leaf dark respiration (<em>R</em><sub>leaf</sub>), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf thickness, minimum stomatal conductance (<em>g</em><sub>dark</sub>) and leaf nutrient concentrations (N, P, Ca, K, Mg). </span></p> <p><span>Across all species, leaf traits varied consistently in response to soil nutrient availability across forest types except <em>R</em><sub>leaf_mass</sub>, [<em>Mg</em>]<sub>leaf</sub> and [<em>Ca</em>]<sub>leaf</sub>. Changes in photosynthesis and respiration rates were related to different leaf nutrients across forest types, with greater nutrient-use efficiency in more nutrient-poor environments. Generalist species partially or fully compensated reductions in mass-based photosynthesis through increasing LMA in more nutrient-poor environments. </span></p> <p><span>Leaf traits also varied with tree height, except <em>V</em><sub>cmax_mass</sub>, but only in response to height-related modifications of leaf morphology (LMA and leaf thickness). These height-trait relationships did not vary across the edaphic gradient, except for <em>A</em><sub>sat</sub>, [<em>N</em>]leaf, [<em>P</em>]<sub>leaf</sub> and [<em>K</em>]<sub>leaf</sub>. </span></p> <p><span>Our results highlight that modification of leaf physiological function and morphology act as important adaptations for Bornean dipterocarps in response to edaphic and vertical environmental gradients. Meanwhile, multiple nutrients appear to contribute to niche partitioning and could drive species distributions and high biodiversity within Bornean forest landscapes.</span></p>
Public dataset to : Physiological and climate controls on foliar mercury uptake by European tree species
<p>Foliar Hg concentrations and daily foliar Hg uptake rates at > 200 forest plots of the ICP Forests Biomonitoring Network (http://icp-forests.net/) in 2015 and 2017.</p>
Data from: Physiological response of mature red spruce trees to partial and complete sapwood severing
<p> Drought frequency and severity are projected to increase in many regions of the world, yet it remains unclear how mesic forest trees will respond to these novel climate conditions. Experimentally imposing drought in forests at the stand scale is logistically difficult, however, disturbing the hydraulic functioning of individual trees can induce severe water stress and may inform how large trees respond to future droughts. In this study, we manipulated water availability of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees by partially or completely severing sapwood, and measured impacts on water relations and photosynthetic efficiency over four months. Trees with total sapwood severed (TOT) experienced a rapid 96.7% reduction in daily sap flow whereas trees with only partial sapwood severed (PAR; estimated 2 – 5% sapwood remaining) and no sapwood severed (CON; phloem girdled) experienced average reductions of 74.3% and 4.6%, respectively. Sapwood severing in TOT trees resulted in declining midday shoot water potential compared to PAR and CON trees, but TOT trees did not surpass the water potential indicative of 50% loss of conductivity until approximately 12 weeks post treatment. At seven weeks post treatment, TOT trees had 6.8 times lower midday stomatal conductance than PAR and CON trees. Furthermore, branch- and crown-wood water potentials reached extreme values (below measurement threshold of -7.7 MPa) in TOT trees by the time of tree harvest at 18 weeks but remained high and did not differ between PAR and CON trees. Our results indicate that with minimal intact sapwood, PAR trees still had sufficient hydraulic functioning to avoid water stress, while TOT trees had temporary resistance to water stress likely associated with declines in carbon sequestration and growth. These findings advance our understanding of how red spruce may physiologically respond to periods of water stress in future climates.</p>
Data from: Physiological response of mature red spruce trees to partial and complete sapwood severing
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Data from: Effects of dry-season irrigation on leaf physiology and biomass allocation in tropical lianas and trees
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Spatial heterogeneity in soil pyrogenic carbon mediates tree growth and physiology following wildfire
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Fire effects on tree physiology, growth, and drought vulnerability: Non-structural carbohydrate, hydraulic function, water potential, and tree growth data
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Data from: Linking physiological drought resistance traits to growth and mortality of three northeastern tree species
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Differential nutrient limitation and tree height control leaf physiology, supporting niche partitioning in tropical dipterocarp forests
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Eco-physiological constraints of deep soil desiccation in semiarid tree plantations
<p>This is a database used to describe the response of tree's eco-physiological characteristics to deep soil desiccation, mainly including 60 years of simulated soil moisture and soil temperature, model calibration and validation data sets, and simulated physiological and ecological indicators in different precipitation years.</p>
Physiology of Urban Trees, 4 of 7
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Physiology of Urban Trees, 3 of 7
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Physiology of Urban Trees, 1 of 7
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.