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Figure 6 in A new species of the troglobitic genus Spelaeogammarus da Silva Brum, 1975 (Amphipoda: Artesiidae) from a cave in the Brazilian semi-arid region, with new records of its congener, Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000

Figure 6.Preserved specimen of Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000 from Buraco do Cão cave, Iraquara municipality, state of Bahia, Brazil (A) and live specimen of S. spinilacertus from Canoa Quebrada cave, municipality of Iraquara, state of Bahia, Brazil (B). Photograph: (A) Luciana B.R. Fernandes, (B) Adriano Gambarini.

Figure 4 in A new species of the troglobitic genus Spelaeogammarus da Silva Brum, 1975 (Amphipoda: Artesiidae) from a cave in the Brazilian semi-arid region, with new records of its congener, Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000

Figure 4. Spelaeogammarus ginae sp. nov., Gruna da Serra Verde cave, Serra do Ramalho, state of Bahia, Brazil. Paratype male, body length 11.31 mm; pleopod 1 (A); pleopod 2 (B); pleopod 3 (C); uropod 1 (D); uropod 2 (E); uropod 3 (F); telson (G). Scale bars: A–F = 1 mm; G = 200 μm. Specimens of Spelaeogammarus ginae sp. nov. were found (C); map indicating the state of Bahia, the Gruna da Serra Verde cave, and the land use and land cover of the area (D). Photographs: M.E. Bichuette.

Figure 2 in A new species of the troglobitic genus Spelaeogammarus da Silva Brum, 1975 (Amphipoda: Artesiidae) from a cave in the Brazilian semi-arid region, with new records of its congener, Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000

Figure 2. Spelaeogammarus ginae sp. nov., Gruna da Serra Verde cave, Serra do Ramalho, state of Bahia, Brazil. Paratype male, body length 11.31 mm; antenna 1 (A); antenna 2 (B); upper lip (C); lower lip (D); maxilla 1 (E); maxilla 2 (F); left mandible (G); right mandible (H); maxilliped (I); simple setae, present in various structures, the last one is more common on the uropods (J); aesthetasc, from antenna 1 (K); multicuspidate seta, from maxilla 1 outer plate (L); plumose setae, from antenna 1, maxilla 1 inner plate, maxilla 2 inner plate, mandibles and maxilliped, maxilliped and gnathopods, pleopods (M); (stout) cuspidate setae with accessory seta, present in various structures, first one more common on gnathopods and last one from telson (N); bifid and trifid setae, from maxilliped inner ramus, mandibles palp, gnathopods and uropod 3, pleopod 7, maxilliped palp (O). Scale bars: A, B = 600 μm; C–I = 200 μm; J–O = enlarged setae to see details.

Figure 5 in A new species of the troglobitic genus Spelaeogammarus da Silva Brum, 1975 (Amphipoda: Artesiidae) from a cave in the Brazilian semi-arid region, with new records of its congener, Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000

Figure 5. Outcrops and pastures close to the Gruna da Serra Verde cave (A); cave gallery in the dry season (B) and detail of the small pool formed by the upper phreatic aquifer, where specimens of Spelaeogammarus ginae sp. nov. were found (C); map indicating the state of Bahia, the Gruna da Serra Verde cave, and the land use and land cover of the area (D). Photographs: M.E. Bichuette.

Figure 3 in A new species of the troglobitic genus Spelaeogammarus da Silva Brum, 1975 (Amphipoda: Artesiidae) from a cave in the Brazilian semi-arid region, with new records of its congener, Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000

Figure 3. Spelaeogammarus ginae sp. nov., Gruna da Serra Verde cave, Serra do Ramalho, state of Bahia, Brazil. Paratype male, body length 11.31 mm; gnathopod 1 (A); gnathopod 2 (B); pereopod 3 (C); pereopod 4 (D); pereopod 5 (E); pereopod 6 (F); pereopod 7 (G). Scale bars: A, B = 400 μm; C–G = 1 mm.

Figure 7 in A new species of the troglobitic genus Spelaeogammarus da Silva Brum, 1975 (Amphipoda: Artesiidae) from a cave in the Brazilian semi-arid region, with new records of its congener, Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000

Figure 7. Lake formed by upper phreatic aquifer at Canoa Quebrada cave (A); small pool of upper phreatic aquifer at Lapa Doce System (B); distribution of Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000, indicating caves with records of the species showing the land use and land cover of the area (C). Caption: LD = Lapa Doce System, GU = Gruta da Umburana cave, LS = Gruta da Lagoa Seca cave, BC = Buraco do Cão cave, CQ = Canoa Quebrada cave, BS = Baixa do Salitre cave, and BJ = Jaburu cave. Photographs: (A) Adriano Gambarini, (B) Jonas E. Gallão.

Figure 1 in A new species of the troglobitic genus Spelaeogammarus da Silva Brum, 1975 (Amphipoda: Artesiidae) from a cave in the Brazilian semi-arid region, with new records of its congener, Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000

Figure 1. Preserved (A) and live specimen (B) of Spelaeogammarus ginae sp. nov., Gruna da Serra Verde cave, Serra do Ramalho karst area, state of Bahia, Brazil. Photographs: (A) T. Zepon, (B) M.E. Bichuette.

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Figure 2 in The first troglobitic scorpions from Hispaniola, Greater Antilles: two new species of Cazierius Francke, 1978 (Scorpiones: Diplocentridae)

Figure 2. Cazierius ciguayo sp. n., juvenile male holotype, habitus: a) dorsal; b) ventral. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 24 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 24. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396). A. Opisthosomal segments VIII–XI, ventral view (the dorsal setae of segment XI are also illustrated, with their insertions represented in dashed lines). B. Primordia of genital lobes of immature B. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B = 30 μm.

Fig. 25 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 25. Allokoenenia sp. A. Map of Brazil showing the placement of the Caatinga Biome, delimited in yellow, and of Toca dos Ossos Cave (in red), habitat of Allokoenenia sp. B–C. Galleries of Toca dos Ossos Cave, showing its spongiform architecture. D. Surrounding landscape outside the Toca dos Ossos Cave, showing the limestone quarry that operated above the cave for many years. E. Area of Toca dos Ossos covered by rock fragments transported to the cave in consequence of the quarrying activities. F. Plan view of Toca dos Ossos, showing the structure of the cave with vadose galleries connected by a complex of labyrinthine smaller conduids; the palpigrade collecting site is indicated by a red star. G. Habitus of Allokoenenia sp., ♀ (ISLA 50396) under a stereo microcope before mounting.

Fig. 22 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 22. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396), left pedipalp. A. Trochanter-tibia. B. Basitarsi 1–2. C. Tarsi 1–3. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B–C = 40 μm.

Fig. 23 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 23. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396), left pedipalp. A. Trochanter-tibia of right leg I. B. Basitarsi 1-tarsus 2 of right leg I. C. Tarsus 3 of left leg I. D. Basitarsus of right leg IV. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B = 100 μm; C–D = 60 μm.

Fig. 21 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 21. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396). A. Deutotritosternal setae. B. Proximal setae (p – 1 p 6) on basal segment of chelicera. C. Distal setae (d 1 –d 3) on basal segment of chelicera. D. Metapeltidial chaetotaxy. E. Chaetotaxy of opisthosomal tergite III. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 20 μm; C = 40 μm.

Fig. 20 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 20. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396). A. Frontal organ. B. Blades of lateral organ. C. Propeltidial chaetotaxy. D. Coxa of right pedipalp. E. Coxa of right leg I. F. Coxa of left leg II. G. Coxa of right leg III. H. Coxa of left leg IV. Scale bars: A–B = 20 μm; C = 100 μm; D–H = 40 μm. Thickened setae on coxae II–IV indicated by arrows.

Fig. 14 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 14. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀, paratype (MZSP 54249), articles of left leg I. A. Trochanterpatella. B. Tibia-basitarsus 2. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Fig. 17 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 17. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀, holotype (MZSP 54247), opisthosomal segments VII–XI, ventral view (the dorsal setae of segment XI is also illustrated, represented in dashed line). Scale bar = 150 μm.

Fig. 10 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 10. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀. A. Frontal organ, holotype (MZSP 54247). B. Blades of lateral organ, paratype (MZSP 54249). C. Metapeltidial chaetotaxy, holotype (MZSP 54247). D. Propeltidial chaetotaxy, holotype (MZSP 54247). E. Distal setae (d 1 –d 3) on basal segment of chelicera, paratype (MZSP 54249). Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B = 20 μm; C = 25 μm; D = 150 μm; E = 60 μm.

Fig. 6 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 6. Allokoenenia canhembora sp. nov., ♀, holotype (ISLA 50394). A. Trochanter-patella of right leg I. B. Tibia-basitarsus 2 of left leg I. C. Basitarsus 3-tarsus 2 of left leg I. D. Tarsus 3 of right leg I. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–C = 100 μm; D = 40 μm.

Fig. 3 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 3. Allokoenenia canhembora sp. nov., ♀, holotype (ISLA 50394). A. Frontal organ. B. Blades of lateral organ. C. Coxa of left pedipalp. D. Coxa of left leg I. E. Coxa of right leg II. F. Coxa of left leg III. G. Coxa of right leg IV. Scale bars: A–B = 20 μm. C–G = 40 μm. Thickened setae on coxae II–IV indicated by arrows.

Fig. 5 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 5. Allokoenenia canhembora sp. nov., ♀, holotype (ISLA 50394). A. Trochanter-femur of right pedipalp. B. Tibia-tarsus 2 of left pedipalp. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar = 100 μm.