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32 results for “trophic complexity”
Dataset for: Integrated trophic position as a proxy for food-web complexity
<div> <p>There are two distinct approaches to describing the distributions of biomass and species in food webs: one to consider them as discrete trophic levels (TLs); and the other to consider them as continuous trophic positions (TPs). Bridging the gap between these two perspectives presents a non-trivial challenge in integrating biodiversity and food-web structure.</p> <p>Food Network Unfolding (FNU) is a technique used to bridge this gap by partitioning the biomass of species into integer TLs to compute three complexity indices, namely vertical (<em>D</em><sub>V</sub>), horizontal (<em>D</em><sub>H</sub>), and range (<em>D</em><sub>R</sub>) diversity (<em>D</em> indices), through decomposition of Shannon's index <em>H'</em>. Using FNU, the food web (a network of species with unique TPs) is converted to a linear food chain (a biomass distribution at discrete TLs). This enables us to expect that the unfolded biomass within species decreases exponentially as the TL increases. Under this condition, the mean TL value in unfolded food chains is hypothesized to have an exponential relationship with the vertical diversity, <em>D</em><sub>V</sub>. To explore this, we implemented FNU and calculated <em>D</em> indices for food webs publicly available at EcoBase (<em>n</em> = 158) and calculated the integrated TP (iTP), defined as the biomass-weighted average TP of a given food web. The iTP corresponds to the mean TL in unfolded food chains and can be empirically measured through compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA).</p> <p>Although our analysis is biased towards marine ecosystems, we revealed an exponential relationship between iTP and <em>D</em><sub>V</sub>, suggesting that iTP can serve as a measurable proxy for <em>D</em><sub>V</sub>. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the iTP observed in the total communities (total iTP) and the iTPs of partial communities consisting only of species with 2.0 ≤ TP < 3.0 (partial iTP; <em>r<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.48), suggesting that <em>D</em><sub>V</sub> can be predicted using partial iTP.</p> <p>Our findings suggest that the net effect of species diversity, excluding the effect of biomass (corresponding to <em>H'</em> − <em>D</em><sub>V</sub>), on food-web complexity can be revealed by combining CSIA-AA with biodiversity analysis (e.g., environmental DNA).</p> </div>
Trophic complexity alters the diversity–multifunctionality relationship in experimental grassland mesocosms
<p>Plant diversity has a positive influence on the number of ecosystem functions maintained simultaneously by a community, or multifunctionality. While the presence of multiple trophic levels, or trophic complexity, affects individual functions, the effect of trophic complexity on the diversity-multifunctionality relationship is less well known. To address this issue, we tested whether the independent or simultaneous manipulation of both plant diversity and trophic complexity impacted multifunctionality using a mecocosm experiment from Cedar Creek, Minnesota, USA. Our analyses revealed that neither plant diversity nor trophic complexity had significant effects on single functions, but trophic complexity altered the diversity-multifunctionality relationship in two key ways: it lowered the maximum strength of the diversity-multifunctionality effect and it resulted shifted the relationship between increasing diversity and multifunctionality from positive to negative at lower function thresholds. Our findings suggest that declines in trophic complexity will further reduce the capacity of ecosystems to maintain multifunctionality than expected from plant biodiversity loss.</p>
Fig. 2 in Habitat complexity does not influence prey consumption in an experimental three-level trophic chain
Fig. 2. Percentage of Chironomidae larvae consumed by Moenkhausia forestii Benine, Mariguela & C. de Oliveira, 2009 in low, intermediate and high habitat complexities in the presence and in the absence of the piscivore Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829).
Fig. 4 in Habitat complexity does not influence prey consumption in an experimental three-level trophic chain
Fig. 4. Correlation between the percentages of Chironomidae larvae consumed by Moenkhausia forestii Benine, Mariguela & C. de Oliveira, 2009 and the percentage of individuals of M. forestii consumed by Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) in the all levels of habitat complexity.
Fig. 5 in Habitat complexity does not influence prey consumption in an experimental three-level trophic chain
Fig. 5. Conceptual scheme describing prey consumption by Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) and Moenkhausi forestii Benine, Mariguela & C. de Oliveira, 2009 reported in this experimental study. Bold solid arrows represent trophic interactions and thin solid arrows represent direct effects. Dashed arrow represents indirect effects. Habitat complexity, represented by macrophytes density, affects prey capture strategy of H. unitaeniatus and indirectly affects invertivore foraging.
Fig. 1 in Habitat complexity does not influence prey consumption in an experimental three-level trophic chain
Fig. 1. The experimental design. The (A) axis represents habitat complexity [(a) low, (b) intermediate and (c) high] and the (B) axis represents the piscivore [(d) absence and (e) presence]. Numbers in the aquaria represent the number of replicates for each treatment combination.
Fig. 3 in Habitat complexity does not influence prey consumption in an experimental three-level trophic chain
Fig. 3. Percentage of Moenkhausia forestii Benine, Mariguela & C. de Oliveira, 2009 individuals consumed by Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) in low, intermediate and high habitat complexities.
Datasets and R source code of manuscript "From behaviour to complex communities: Resilience to anthropogenic noise in a fish-induced trophic cascade" by Emilie Rojas et al.
<p>Datasets and R source code of manuscript "From behaviour to complex communities: Resilience to anthropogenic noise in a fish-induced trophic cascade" by Emilie Rojas et al.</p>
Trophic complexity alters the diversity–multifunctionality relationship in experimental grassland mesocosms
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Dataset for: Integrated trophic position as a proxy for food-web complexity
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An objective-based prioritization approach to support trophic complexity through ecological restoration
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Data from: Challenging trophic position assessments in complex ecosystems: calculation method, choice of baseline, trophic enrichment factors, season and feeding guild do matter. A case study from Marquesas Islands coral reefs
<p>Assessments of ecosystem functioning are a fundamental ecological challenge and an essential foundation for ecosystem-based management. An understanding of species trophic positions (TP) is essential to characterize food web architecture. However, despite the intuitive nature of the concept, empirically estimating TP is a challenging task due to the complexity of trophic interaction networks. Various alternative methods are proposed to assess TPs, including different approaches to account for the different sources of organic matter at the base of the food web (the "baseline"). However, it is often not clear which methodological approach and which baseline choices are the most reliable. Using an ecosystem-wide assessment of a tropical reef (Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, with available data for 70 coral reef invertebrate and fish species), we tested whether different commonly used TP estimation methods yield similar results and, if not, whether it is possible to identify the most reliable method. We found significant differences in TP estimates of up to 1.7 TP for the same species, depending on the method and the baseline used. When using bulk stable isotope data, the choice of the baseline significantly impacted TP values. Indeed, while δ<sup>15</sup>N values of macroalgae led to consistent TP estimates, those using phytoplankton generated unrealistically low TP estimates. The use of a conventional enrichment factor (i.e. 3.4 ‰) or a "variable" enrichment factor (i.e. according to feeding guilds) also produced clear discrepancies between TP estimates. Regarding the use of different calculation methods, TPs obtained with δ<sup>15</sup>N values of source amino acids (compound specifics isotope analysis) were close to those assessed with macroalgae, but evidenced the opposite seasonal pattern, with significantly lower TPs in winter than in summer for the majority of assessed species, with particularly pronounced differences for lower TP species. We use the observed differences to discuss possible drivers of the diverging TP estimates and the potential ecological implications.</p>
Data supporting: Impacts of extreme climatic events on trophic network complexity and multidimensional stability
<p>Data used to produce the results presented in the manuscript entitled "Impacts of extreme climatic events on trophic network complexity and multidimensional stability", published in the journal "Ecology". The data were obtained from an outdoor pond mesocosm experiment where freshwater communities were exposed to two different heatwave scenarios. </p>
Data from: Challenging trophic position assessments in complex ecosystems: calculation method, choice of baseline, trophic enrichment factors, season and feeding guild do matter. A case study from Marquesas Islands coral reefs
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Data from: Molecular detection of trophic links in a complex insect host-parasitoid food web
Previously, host-parasitoid links have been unveiled almost exclusively by time-intensive rearing, while molecular methods were used only in simple agricultural host-parasitoid systems in the form of species specific primers. Here we present a general method for molecular detection of these links applied to a complex caterpillar-parasitoid food web from tropical rainforest of Papua New Guinea. We DNA barcoded hosts, parasitoids and their tissue remnants and matched the sequences to our extensive library of local species. We were thus able to match 87% of host sequences and 36% of parasitoid sequences to species, and infer subfamily or family in almost all cases. Our analysis affirmed 93 hitherto unknown trophic links between 37 host species from a wide range of Lepidoptera families and 46 parasitoid species from Hymenoptera and Diptera by identifying DNA sequences for both the host and the parasitoid involved in the interaction. Molecular detection proved especially useful in cases where distinguishing host species in caterpillar stage was difficult morphologically, or when the caterpillar died during rearing. We have even detected a case of extreme parasitoid specialization in a pair of Choreutis species which do not differ in caterpillar morphology and ecology. Using the molecular approach outlined here leads to better understanding of parasitoid host specificity, opens new possibilities for rapid surveys of food web structure and allows inference of species associations not already anticipated.
Data from: The trophic vacuum and the evolution of complex life cycles in trophically-transmitted helminths
Parasitic worms (helminths) frequently have complex life cycles in which they are transmitted trophically between two or more successive hosts. Sexual reproduction often takes place in high trophic-level (TL) vertebrates, where parasites can grow to large sizes with high fecundity. Direct infection of high TL hosts, while advantageous, may be unachievable for parasites constrained to transmit trophically, because helminth propagules are unlikely to be ingested by large predators. Lack of niche overlap between propagule and definitive host (the trophic transmission vacuum) may explain the origin and/or maintenance of intermediate hosts, which overcome this transmission barrier. We show that nematodes infecting high TL definitive hosts tend to have more successive hosts in their life cycles. This relationship was modest, though, driven mainly by the minimum TL of hosts, suggesting that the shortest trophic chains leading to a host define the boundaries of the transmission vacuum. We also show that alternative modes of transmission, like host penetration, allow nematodes to reach high TLs without intermediate hosts. We suggest that widespread omnivory as well as parasite adaptations to increase transmission probably reduce, but do not eliminate, the barriers to the transmission of helminths through the food web.
Data from: The trophic vacuum and the evolution of complex life cycles in trophically-transmitted helminths
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Data from: Molecular detection of trophic links in a complex insect host-parasitoid food web
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Supplementary material 1 from: Zarzoso-Lacoste D, Bonnaud E, Corse E, Dubut V, Lorvelec O, De Meringo H, Santelli C, Meunier J-Y, Ghestemme T, Gouni A, Vidal E (2019) Stuck amongst introduced species: Trophic ecology reveals complex relationships between the critically endangered Niau kingfisher and introduced predators, competitors and prey. NeoBiota 53: 61-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.53.35086
: Data type: species data
Supplementary material 4 from: Zarzoso-Lacoste D, Bonnaud E, Corse E, Dubut V, Lorvelec O, De Meringo H, Santelli C, Meunier J-Y, Ghestemme T, Gouni A, Vidal E (2019) Stuck amongst introduced species: Trophic ecology reveals complex relationships between the critically endangered Niau kingfisher and introduced predators, competitors and prey. NeoBiota 53: 61-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.53.35086
: Link: https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.53.35086.suppl4
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.