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33 results for “trophic group”
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T4.1 Trophic savannas
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T4.1 Trophic savannas</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
MCR LTER: Reference: Fish Taxonomy, Trophic Groups and Morphometry
These reference data document the maximum length, length to weight conversion parameters, trophic status, and items consumed for fish species observed in the Annual Fish Survey Time-series core data set (knb-lter-mcr.6). With knb-lter-mcr.6, these data enable the investigation of temporal trends in the biomass of taxa as well as the abundance and biomass of different trophic groups. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2019). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
Fig. 2 in Soil Ciliates Of Different Trophic Groups In Samur-Yalama National Park, Azerbaijan
Fig. 2. The ratio of ciliates of different trophic groups in the ecological series of "forest soil" — "buffer zone" — "agrocenosis".
Figure. Constrained ordination plot as produced from canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The variability of environmental variables is summarized on Axis 1 and Axis 2 of the constrained biplot, explaining the variability of the trophic groups included in the red fox's diet. Trophic groups are shown with black line (unfilled) pyramids, whereas environmental variables are shown with black filled pyramids. Proximity and distance of response centroids to predictor centroids indicate positive and negative correlations between them, respectively. in Factors affecting the diet of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in a heterogeneous Mediterranean landscape
Figure. Constrained ordination plot as produced from canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The variability of environmental variables is summarized on Axis 1 and Axis 2 of the constrained biplot, explaining the variability of the trophic groups included in the red fox's diet. Trophic groups are shown with black line (unfilled) pyramids, whereas environmental variables are shown with black filled pyramids. Proximity and distance of response centroids to predictor centroids indicate positive and negative correlations between them, respectively.
FIGURE 3 in Fish functional trophic groups in headwater karst streams from the Upper Paraguay River basin
FIGURE 3 | Representative images of the fish assemblage from Serra da Bodoquena streams. A. Farlowella paraguayensis among twigs and leaf litter in the substrate; B. Hypostomus froehlichi between boulders; C. Creagrutus meridionalis foraging near a sandy substrate; D. Pimelodella taenioptera and Astyanax lacustris foraging among leaf litter in the substrate; E. Hyphessobrycon eques and Jupiaba acanthogaster using marginal vegetation; F. Characidium zebra using the sit-and-wait tactics on the sandy substrate; G. Psalidodon marionae foraging near the rocky substrate; H. Salminus brasiliensis swimming in the water column; I. Prochilodus lineatus foraging near patches of vegetation. Photos: Renato M. Romero and Fabrício B. Teresa.
FIGURE 4 in Fish functional trophic groups in headwater karst streams from the Upper Paraguay River basin
FIGURE 4 | Compilation of number of families on each Functional Trophic Group among different biomes in Brazil. Bar colors represent the shared FTGs among biomes considering Sazima (1986), Sabino, Zuanon (1998), Casatti et al. (2001), Brejão et al. (2013), Freitas et al. (2021), and this work. Blue bar: FTGs registered in Pantanal+Amazon+Atlantic Forest; Red bar: FTGs registered in Pantanal+Amazon; Green bar: FTG registered only in Amazon. Silhouettes represent the families with more records on each FTG.
FIGURE 1 in Fish functional trophic groups in headwater karst streams from the Upper Paraguay River basin
FIGURE 1 | Main drainages of Serra da Bodoquena. The Miranda River watershed (blue) and the Perdido River watershed (red). Highlighted lines represent Salobra River in the North and Perdido River in the South. In green, the Formoso River watershed, a tributary of Miranda drainage. Black dots represent the points of underwater observations of the fish species.
FIGURE 2 in Fish functional trophic groups in headwater karst streams from the Upper Paraguay River basin
FIGURE 2 | Distribution of sizes classes of fish from Serra da Bodoquena stream according to instream horizontal occupation.
FIGURE 5 in Fish functional trophic groups in headwater karst streams from the Upper Paraguay River basin
FIGURE 5 | Number of accumulated Functional Trophic Groups by fish families considering Brazilian inland freshwaters works from Sazima (1986), Sabino, Zuanon (1998), Casatti et al. (2001), Brejão et al. (2013), Freitas et al. (2021), and this work.
Data from: Impacts of rainfall extremes predicted by climate-change models on major trophic groups in the leaf-litter arthropod community
1. Arthropods in the leaf-litter layer of forest soils influence ecosystem processes such as decomposition. Climate-change models predict both increases and decreases in average rainfall. Increased drought may have greater impacts on the litter arthropod community. In addition to affecting survival or behavior of desiccation-sensitive species, lower rainfall may indirectly lower abundances of consumers that graze drought-stressed fungi, with repercussions for higher trophic levels. 2. We tested the hypothesis that trophic structure will differ between the two rainfall scenarios. In particular, we hypothesized that densities of several broadly defined trophic groupings of arthropods would be lower under reduced rainfall. 3. To test this hypothesis we used sprinklers to impose two rainfall treatments during three growing seasons in roofed, fenced 14-m2 plots; and documented changes in abundance from initial, pre-treatment densities of 39 arthropod taxa. Experimental plots were subjected to either LOW (fortnightly) or HIGH (weekly) average rainfall based upon climate models and the previous 100 years of regional weekly averages. Unroofed open plots, our reference treatment (REF), experienced higher-than-average rainfall during the experiment. 4. The two rainfall extremes produced clear negative effects of lowered rainfall on major trophic groups. Broad categories of fungivores, detritivores and predators were more abundant in HIGH than LOW plots by the final year. Springtails (Collembola), which graze fungal hyphae, were 3x more abundant in the HIGH-rainfall treatment. Taxa of larger-bodied fungivores and detritivores, spiders (Araneae), and non-spider predators were 2x more abundant under HIGH rainfall. Densities of mites (Acari), which include fungivores, detritivores and predators, were 1.5x greater in HIGH rainfall plots. Abundances and community structure of arthropods were similar in REF and experimental plots, showing that effects of rainfall uncovered in the experiment are applicable to nature. 5. This pattern suggests that changes in rainfall will alter bottom-up control processes in a critical detritus-based food web of deciduous forests. Our results, in conjunction with other findings on the impact of desiccation on arthropods and fungal growth, suggest that drier conditions will depress densities of fungal consumers, causing declines in higher trophic levels, with possible impacts on soil processes and the larger forest food web.
Evaluating bottom-up forcing of a rocky intertidal resource harvest on a high trophic-level consumer group
<p>The importance of ecosystem-based management (EBM) frameworks for resource harvest has increased over the past several decades as ecosystems face numerous anthropogenic stressors. In these frameworks, resource managers must consider the suite of interactions that comprise food webs and how resource harvest drives responses in non-target organisms. In rocky intertidal zones along North Atlantic coastlines, rockweed (<em>Ascophyllum nodosum</em>)—a canopy-forming brown seaweed—has been commercially harvested for centuries, yet most research on the effects of harvest have focused on the responses of the target resource and the macroinvertebrate assemblage. In this study, we used a Before-After Control-Impact experiment to assess the bottom-up effects of commercial rockweed harvest on a high trophic-level consumer group (birds) in Maine (USA). Overall, there was no evidence for strong bottom-up forcing of rockweed harvest on birds' site visitation. There was a small (fewer than two birds) positive effect size of harvest during the one-year post-harvest recovery interval. Several of the trends observed for the full bird assemblage appear to be driven more strongly by the low tide than the high tide bird assemblage. Independent of treatment, site visitation by birds was low in our study (60% of surveys recorded no birds) and highlights questions about the use of rocky intertidal habitats relative to other habitat types in coastal birds' home ranges. To our knowledge, there are no comparable assemblage-level bird studies in this system that can provide context to our results. Further research on coastal birds' habitat use within home ranges and food-web connections with rockweed-associated macroinvertebrates is needed to more confidently incorporate this high trophic-level consumer group into an EBM framework for a rocky intertidal resource harvest.</p>
Abundance trends for river macroinvertebrates vary across taxa, trophic group and river typology
<p>There is mounting evidence that terrestrial arthropods are declining rapidly in many areas of the world. It is unclear whether freshwater invertebrates, which are key providers of ecosystem services, are also declining. We addressed this question by analysing a long-term dataset of macroinvertebrate abundance collected from 2002 to 2019 across 5,009 sampling sites in English rivers. Patterns varied markedly across taxonomic groups. Within trophic groups, we detected increases in the abundance of carnivores by 19% and herbivores by 14.8%, whilst we estimated decomposers have declined by 21.7% in abundance since 2002. We also found heterogeneity in trends across rivers belonging to different typologies based on geological dominance and catchment altitude, with organic lowland rivers having generally higher rates of increase in abundance across taxa and trophic groups, with siliceous lowland rivers having the most declines. Our results reveal a complex picture of change in freshwater macroinvertebrate abundance between taxonomic groups, trophic levels and river typologies. Our analysis helps with identifying priority regions for action on potential environmental stressors where we discover macroinvertebrate abundance declines.</p>
Nematode biomass changes along an elevational gradient are trophic group dependent but independent of body size
<p>Data supporting "Nematode biomass changes along an elevational gradient are trophic group dependent but independent of body size"</p>
Data for: Evaluating bottom-up forcing of a rocky intertidal resource harvest on a high trophic-level consumer group
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Data from: Impacts of rainfall extremes predicted by climate-change models on major trophic groups in the leaf-litter arthropod community
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Data from: The effects of lipid extraction on δ13C and δ15N values and use of lipid-correction models across tissues, taxa, and trophic groups
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Abundance trends for river macroinvertebrates vary across taxa, trophic group and river typology
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Warming and top predator loss drive direct and indirect effects on multiple trophic groups within and across ecosystems
<p>1. The interspecific interactions within and between adjacent ecosystems strongly depend on the changes in their abiotic and biotic components. However, little is known about how climate change and biodiversity loss in a specific ecosystem can impact the multiple trophic interactions of different biological groups within and across ecosystems.<br> 2. We used natural micro-ecosystems (tank-bromeliads) as a model system to investigate the main and interactive effects of aquatic warming and aquatic top predator loss (i.e., trophic downgrading) on trophic relationships in three integrated food web compartments: i) aquatic microorganisms, ii) aquatic macroorganisms, and iii) terrestrial predators (i.e., via cross ecosystem effects).<br> 3. The aquatic top predator loss substantially impacted the three food web compartments. In the aquatic macrofauna compartment, trophic downgrading increased the filter-feeder richness and abundance directly and indirectly via an increase of detritivore richness, likely through a facilitative interaction. For the microbiota compartment, aquatic top predator loss had a negative effect on algae richness, probably via decreasing the input of nutrients from predator biological activities. Furthermore, the more active terrestrial predators responded more to aquatic top predator loss, via an increase of some components of aquatic macrofauna, than more stationary terrestrial predators. The aquatic trophic downgrading indirectly altered the richness and abundance of cursorial terrestrial predators, but these effects had different direction according to the aquatic functional group, filter-feeder or other detritivores. The web-building predators were indirectly affected by aquatic trophic downgrading due to increased filter-feeder richness. Aquatic warming did not affect the aquatic micro- or macro-organisms but did positively affect the abundance of web-building terrestrial predators.<br> 4. These results allow us to raise a predictive framework of how different anthropogenic changes predicted for the next decades, such as aquatic warming and top predator loss, could differentially affect multiple biological groups through interactions within and across ecosystems.</p>
Fig. 3 in Structure and Composition of Dung Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in a Livestock Ranch in Central Uruguay: Responses of Functional Groups and Species to Local Habitats and Trophic Resources
Fig. 3. Dominance/diversity curves based on a) abundance and b) biomass of the dung beetle species of Scarabaeidae in three habitats in Puntas de Sauce Maciel, Florida, Uruguay. PHS = pasture on humid soil; PDS = pasture on dry soil; EP = Eucalyptus plantation.
Fig. 1. a in Structure and Composition of Dung Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in a Livestock Ranch in Central Uruguay: Responses of Functional Groups and Species to Local Habitats and Trophic Resources
Fig. 1. a) Sample completeness curves as a function of dung beetle abundance in three study habitats in Puntas de Sauce Maciel, Florida, Uruguay, b) Coverage-based rarefaction (solid lines) and extrapolation (dash above endpoint for PHS) sampling curves for species richness of the dung beetle data from the three habitats. PHS = pasture on humid soil; PDS = pasture on dry soil; EP = Eucalyptus plantation.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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