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43 results for “trophic resources”
Network analysis reflects the trophic relationship between microbial colonizers and deadwood resources - supporting information
<p>Supporting tables S2 - S5 of "Network analysis reflects the trophic relationship between microbial colonizers and deadwood resources".</p> <p>The file Table_Legends_S2-S5.txt contains all legends, as given below:</p> <p>Table S2: Module-associated trees and OTUs, their relative abundances and identities for the fungal sapwood network; module – name of the module, present – proportion of network version that the OTU is present in (1 = 1000/1000), inBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module, percInBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module provided that the OTU is part of the network (= inBestModule/present), meanAbundanceModuleSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all samples belonging to the module, meanAbundanceOtherSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all other samples, relAbundanceModuleSamplesVsOthers – meanAbundanceModuleSamples / meanAbundanceOtherSamples .</p> <p>Table S3: Module-associated trees and OTUs, their relative abundances and identities for the fungal heartwood network; module – name of the module, present – proportion of network version that the OTU is present in (1 = 1000/1000), inBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module, percInBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module provided that the OTU is part of the network (= inBestModule/present), meanAbundanceModuleSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all samples belonging to the module, meanAbundanceOtherSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all other samples, relAbundanceModuleSamplesVsOthers – meanAbundanceModuleSamples / meanAbundanceOtherSamples .</p> <p>Table S4: Module-associated trees and OTUs, their relative abundances and identities for the prokaryotic sapwood network; module – name of the module, present – proportion of network version that the OTU is present in (1 = 1000/1000), inBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module, percInBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module provided that the OTU is part of the network (= inBestModule/present), meanAbundanceModuleSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all samples belonging to the module, meanAbundanceOtherSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all other samples, relAbundanceModuleSamplesVsOthers – meanAbundanceModuleSamples / meanAbundanceOtherSamples .</p> <p>Table S5: Module-associated trees and OTUs, their relative abundances and identities for the prokaryotic heartwood network; module – name of the module, present – proportion of network version that the OTU is present in (1 = 1000/1000), inBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module, percInBestModule – proportion of the network versions where the OTU is associated with the respective module provided that the OTU is part of the network (= inBestModule/present), meanAbundanceModuleSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all samples belonging to the module, meanAbundanceOtherSamples – mean relative abundance of the OTU in all other samples, relAbundanceModuleSamplesVsOthers – meanAbundanceModuleSamples / meanAbundanceOtherSamples .</p>
Data from: A new trophic specialization buffers a top predator against climate-driven resource instability
<p>Intraspecific phenotypic variability is key to respond to environmental changes and anomalies. However, documenting the emergence of behavioral diversification in natural populations has remained elusive due to the difficulty of observing such phenomenon at the right time and place. Here, we investigated how the emergence of a new trophic strategy in a population subjected to high fluctuations in the availability of its main trophic resource (migrating songbirds) affected the breeding performance, population structure, and population fitness of a specialized color polymorphic predator, the Eleonora's falcon from the Canary Islands. Using long-term data (2007-2022), we found that the exploitation of an alternative prey (a local petrel species) was associated with the growth of a previously residual falcon colony. Pairs in this colony laid earlier and raised more fledglings than in the other established colonies. The specialization on petreles increased over time, independently of annual fluctuations in prey availability. Importantly, however, the positive effect of petrel consumption on productivity was stronger in years with lower food availability. This trophic diversification was further associated with the genetically-determined color morph, with dark individuals preying more frequently on petreles than pale ones, which might promote the long-term maintenance of genotypic and phenotypic diversity. We empirically demonstrate how the emergence of an alternative trophic strategy can buffer populations against harsh environmental fluctuations by stabilizing their productivity.</p>
Different currencies for calculating resource phenology result in opposite inferences about trophic mismatches
<p>Shifts in phenology are among the key responses of organisms to climate change. When rates of phenological change differ between interacting species they may result in phenological asynchrony. Studies have found conflicting patterns concerning the direction and magnitude of changes in synchrony, which have been attributed to biological factors. A hitherto overlooked additional explanation is differences in the currency used to quantify resource phenology, such as abundance and biomass. Studying an insectivorous bird, Sanderling, and its prey, we show that the median date of cumulative arthropod biomass occurred, on average, 6.9 days after the median date of cumulative arthropod abundance. In some years this difference could be as large as 21 days. For 23 years, hatch dates of Sanderlings became less synchronized with the median date of arthropod abundance, but more synchronized with the median date of arthropod biomass. The currency-specific trends can be explained by our finding that mean biomass per arthropod specimen increased with date. Using a conceptual simulation, we show that estimated rates of phenological change for abundance and biomass can differ depending on temporal shifts in the size distribution of resources. We conclude that studies of trophic mismatch based on different currencies for resource phenology can be incompatible with each other.</p>
Fig. 7 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 7. Spearman correlations between the distribution (percentage frequency) of guilds and scores of the first axis of the principal components analysis (PCA1) applied to the correlation matrix of abiotic variables. White circle = headwaters; gray circle = middle stretch; and black circle = mouth of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil.
Fig. 5 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 5. Longitudinal niche breadth (B values) of each fish trophic guild in the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Aq = aquatic; ter = terrestrial.
Fig. 4 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 4. Mean ± standard error of diet breadth (B) of fish trophic guilds in the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Aq = aquatic; ter = terrestrial. Piscivores and omnivores are not included in the ANOVA.
Fig. 6 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 6. Density (a) and biomass (b) of trophic guilds along the longitudinal gradient of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Aq = aquatic; ter = terrestrial.
Fig. 3 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 3. Ordination of fish species in the respective trophic guilds (a, b, c) and food items (d, e, f) along the longitudinal gradient of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Circles represent species belonging to the same trophic guild. Codes according to Table 3.
Fig. 2 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 2. Ordination of sampling sections along the environmental gradient defined by the first two axes of the principal components analysis (PCA1 and PCA2) applied to the correlation matrix of abiotic variables of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil.
Fig. 1 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 1. Location of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Black circles indicate the sampling sections; arrow indicates the direction of flow.
FIGURE 6 in Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf
FIGURE 6 | A. Scaled isotopic niches and B. Isotopic overlap of Haemulon aurolineatum, H. plumierii and H. squamipina captured along the northeast coast of Brazil.
FIGURE 5 in Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf
FIGURE 5 | Isotopic ratios of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ15N) of Haemulon plumierii, H. aurolineatum and H. squamipinna in different latitude gradient and ontogeny captured along the northeast coast of Brazil. The black horizontal line and box represent the median value and the interquartile range, while the vertical lines represent the upper and lower limits. Outliers were not included in the plot. *All caught specimens of H. squamipinna were considered adults, not allowing ontogenetic analysis. Different symbols (*, ** and **) represent significant difference. Ontogeny* - All caught specimens of H. squamipinna were considered adults, not allowing ontogenetic analysis.
FIGURE 3 in Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf
FIGURE 3 | Modified Costello diagram (Pi, prey specific abundance; Fo, frequency of occurence), a scatterplot containing all prey items, showing the feeding strategy of Haemulon aurolineatum and H. plumierii captured along the northeast coast of Brazil.
FIGURE 1 in Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf
FIGURE 1 | Study area and sample points along the continental shelf of the northeast coast of Brazil. Red dots indicate samples for inner position (≤ 20 km) and black dots for outer (> 20 km).
FIGURE 2 in Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf
FIGURE 2 | Feeding intensity indicator (Fi) of Haemulon aurolineatum and H. plumierii in different habitats, latitude gradient, shelf position, ontogeny and period of the day. The black horizontal line and box represent the median value and the interquartile range, while the vertical lines represent the upper and lower limits. Outliers were not included in the plot. Different symbols (* and **) represent significant difference.
FIGURE 4 in Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf
FIGURE 4 | Isotopic ratios of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ15N) of Haemulon plumierii, H. aurolineatum, and H. squamipinna in different habitats and shelf position captured along the northeast coast of Brazil. The black horizontal line and box represent the median value and the interquartile range, while the vertical lines represent the upper and lower limits. Outliers were not included in the plot. Different symbols (* and **) represent significant difference.
Different currencies for calculating resource phenology result in opposite inferences about trophic mismatches
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Data from: A new trophic specialization buffers a top predator against climate-driven resource instability
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Linking Precipitation and C3 - C4 Plant Production to Resource Dynamics in Higher Trophic Level Consumers: Lizard Data (2005-2006)
In many ecosystems, seasonal shifts in temperature and precipitation induce pulses of primary productivity that vary in phenology, abundance and nutritional quality. Â Variation in these resource pulses could strongly influence community composition and ecosystem function, because these pervasive bottom-up forces play a primary role in determining the biomass, life cycles and interactions of organisms across trophic levels. Â The focus of this research is to understand how consumers across trophic levels alter resource use and assimilation over seasonal and inter-annual timescales in response to climatically driven changes in pulses of primary productivity. We measured the carbon isotope ratios (d13C) of plant, arthropod, and lizard tissues in the northern Chihuahuan Desert to quantify the relative importance of primary production from plants using C3 and C4 photosynthesis for consumers. Â Summer monsoonal rains on the Sevilleta LTER in New Mexico support a pulse of C4 plant production that have tissue d13C values distinct from C3 plants. Â During a year when precipitation patterns were relatively normal, d13C measurements showed that consumers used and assimilated significantly more C4 derived carbon over the course of a summer; tracking the seasonal increase in abundance of C4 plants. Â In the following spring, after a failure in winter precipitation and the associated failure of spring C3 plant growth, consumers showed elevated assimilation of C4 derived carbon relative to a normal rainfall regime. These findings provide insight into how climate, pulsed resources and temporal trophic dynamics may interact to shape semi-arid grasslands such as the Chihuahuan Desert in the present and future.
Linking Precipitation and C3 - C4 Plant Production to Resource Dynamics in Higher Trophic Level Consumers: Insect Data (2005-2006)
In many ecosystems, seasonal shifts in temperature and precipitation induce pulses of primary productivity that vary in phenology, abundance and nutritional quality. Â Variation in these resource pulses could strongly influence community composition and ecosystem function, because these pervasive bottom-up forces play a primary role in determining the biomass, life cycles and interactions of organisms across trophic levels. Â The focus of this research is to understand how consumers across trophic levels alter resource use and assimilation over seasonal and inter-annual timescales in response to climatically driven changes in pulses of primary productivity. We measured the carbon isotope ratios (d13C) of plant, arthropod, and lizard tissues in the northern Chihuahuan Desert to quantify the relative importance of primary production from plants using C3 and C4 photosynthesis for consumers. Â Summer monsoonal rains on the Sevilleta LTER in New Mexico support a pulse of C4 plant production that have tissue d13C values distinct from C3 plants. Â During a year when precipitation patterns were relatively normal, d13C measurements showed that consumers used and assimilated significantly more C4 derived carbon over the course of a summer; tracking the seasonal increase in abundance of C4 plants. Â In the following spring, after a failure in winter precipitation and the associated failure of spring C3 plant growth, consumers showed elevated assimilation of C4 derived carbon relative to a normal rainfall regime. These findings provide insight into how climate, pulsed resources and temporal trophic dynamics may interact to shape semi-arid grasslands such as the Chihuahuan Desert in the present and future.
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OpenNeuro
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