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7 results for “trophic specialisations”
The non-dereliction in evolution: Trophic specialisation drives convergence in the radiation of red devil spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) in the Canary Islands
<p>Natural selection plays a key role in deterministic evolution, as clearly illustrated by adaptive radiations. Unlike most spiders, <em>Dysdera</em> species display a high variability of cheliceral morphologies, which has been suggested to reflect different levels of specialisation to feed on isopods. In this study, we integrate geometric morphometrics and experimental trials with a fully resolved phylogeny of the highly diverse endemic species from the Canary Islands to (1) characterize cheliceral morphologies, (2) unravel their dietary function, (3) examine if they evolved multiple times independently (4) verify whether convergent evolution of morphotypes has occurred and (5) test if specialization could lead to evolutionary irreversibility. We show the existence of nine cheliceral morphotypes and uncovered their significance for trophic ecology. Further, we demonstrate that similar ecomorphs evolved multiple times in the archipelago, providing a novel study system to explain how convergent evolution and irreversibility due to specialization may be combined to shape phenotypic diversification in adaptive radiations.</p>
The non-dereliction in evolution: Trophic specialisation drives convergence in the radiation of red devil spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) in the Canary Islands
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Fig. 3 in Tracing the evolution of trophic specialisation and mode of attack behaviour in the ground spider family Gnaphosidae
Fig. 3 Relationship between the probability of using silk (rather than biting) for the immobilization of prey and the prey-to-predator body size ratio (ratio of total body size of prey to prosoma length of spider). Data were based on five species (Asemesthes ceresicola, Drassodes lapidosus, Gnaphosa lusifuga, Hemicloea sundevalli, and Pterotricha sp). The estimated logit model is shown with a 95% confidence band (grey area)
Fig. 1 in Tracing the evolution of trophic specialisation and mode of attack behaviour in the ground spider family Gnaphosidae
Fig. 1 Comparison of the relative frequencies of the capture (i.e., killing) of ants, spiders, and flies among gnaphosid and several non-gnaphosid genera (see Tables 1 and 2 for species names) observed in this study (a) and extracted from the literature (b). Numbers after bars represent
Fig. 5 in Tracing the evolution of trophic specialisation and mode of attack behaviour in the ground spider family Gnaphosidae
Fig. 5 Bayesian hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationships of the study species based on the combined dataset of 6056 characters (5808 bp + 248 morphological characters). Posterior probabilities are shown above nodes; bootstrap values (> 50) are below nodes. Nongnaphosid species are displayed with their family names (in capitals).
Fig. 2 in Tracing the evolution of trophic specialisation and mode of attack behaviour in the ground spider family Gnaphosidae
Fig. 2 Comparison of the relative frequencies of the use of immobilization strategies (by silk or biting) for flies, spiders, and ants among gnaphosid and several non-gnaphosid genera (see Tables 1
Data from: Trophic specialisation drives morphological evolution in sea snakes
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OpenNeuro
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