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18 results for “tropical montane cloud forest”
Fig. 1 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 1. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. A–C, G. ♁ (ECOTAAR-004950). D–F, H. ♀ (ECOTAAR-005063). A–F. Habitus. A, D. Dorsal view. B, E. Lateral view. C, F. Ventral view. G, H. Carapace in frontal view. Scale bars: A–F = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 4 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 4. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. A–B. ECOTAAR-004950. C–F, H–I. ECOTAAR-004962. G. ECOTAAR-004952. A–G. Male left femur I. D–G. Details of macrosetae. A, D. Dorsal view. B, E. Prolateral view. C, F. Ventral view. G. Apical view. H. Tarsal organ of leg I. I. Trichobothrium of retrolateral palpal tibia. Scale bars: A–C = 70 μm; D–F = 30 μm; H = 5 μm; I = 10 μm.
Fig. 2 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 2. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov., male left palpus. A–C. ECOTAAR-004974. D–E, G–I. ECOTAAR-004950. F. ECOTAAR-004952. A, D. Mesal view. B, E. Ventral view. C, F. Ectal view. G. Dorsal view. H. Apical view. I. Detail of E showing radix and embolus. Scale bars: A–E = 50 μm; F = 20 μm.
Fig. 7 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 7. Strict consensus tree of the eight most parsimonious trees, showing only the distal clades where Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. is situated. Tree with unambiguous character optimization; character and character-state numbers given above and below marks, respectively; color of marks denotes homoplasious (white) or non-homoplasious (black) character-state changes.
Fig. 5 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 5. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov., ♀, epigynum. A–B. ECOTAAR-005063. C–F. ECOTAAR-005183. A, G. Ventral view. B. Posterior view. C–D, H. Dorsal view. D. Detail of C showing left copulatory duct and spermatheca. E. Antero-dorsal view. F. Detail of E showing left copulatory duct and spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, E, G–H = 40 μm; D, F = 20 μm.
Fig. 6 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 6. Strict consensus tree of the eight most parsimonious trees, showing only the distal clades where Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. is situated. Tree with Bremer support values noted beside nodes.
Figs. 2–4 in Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) response to habitat characteristics of tropical montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico
Figs. 2–4. Species richness, diversity profiles, and rank–abundance curves. Fig. 2. Comparison of the richness of woody plants at a sampling coverage of 90% and of ants at 85% coverage, among 5 fragments of tropical montane cloud forest in central Veracruz, Mexico. Statistical differences are considered when 95% confidence intervals do not overlap, whereas no differences are assumed when they do overlap, with an α = 0.05. Fig. 3. Diversity profiles of the ant assemblages of F1–F5 based on the equivalent species number. Statistical differences are considered when 95% confidence intervals do not overlap, whereas no differences are assumed when they do overlap, with an α = 0.05. Fig. 4. Rank–abundance curves of the ant assemblages of F1–F5. Total number of ant incidences in each fragment is 60 traps. Only those species with a relative abundance equal to or higher than 10% in a given fragment are shown. Ant species are numbered in accordance with Table 2.
Figs. 5 and 6. Results from cluster and linkage tree analyses. Fig. 5 in Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) response to habitat characteristics of tropical montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico
Figs. 5 and 6. Results from cluster and linkage tree analyses. Fig. 5. Dendrogram of hierarchical standardized clustering based on the SØrensen similarity index of the studied fragments. The cophenetic correlation coefficient of the cluster is 0.89. The dendrogram displays with continuous lines the divisions for which the SIMPROF test rejects the null hypothesis (where assemblages in that group have no further structure to explore) and with dashed lines the groups of assemblages not separated (at P <0.05) by SIMPROF. Fig. 6. Linkage tree analysis (LINKTREE) showing divisive clustering of fragments (F1–F5) from species compositions constrained by inequalities on one or more environmental variables. Only binary partitions of uncorrelated environmental variables are shown in the cluster. The dendrogram displays with continuous lines the divisions for which the SIMPROF test rejects the null hypothesis (where assemblages in that group have no further structure to explore) and with dashed lines the groups of assemblages not separated (at P <0.05) by SIMPROF.
Fig. 1 in Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) response to habitat characteristics of tropical montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico
Fig. 1. Location of the study area in central Veracruz, Mexico. The black polygons indicate the selected fragments (F1–F5) of tropical montane cloud forest.
Data from: Community-level trait variation of epiphytic bryophytes supports trade-off aligned with leaf-economic spectrum in vertically stratified tropical montane cloud forest canopies
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Data from: Linking coordinated hydraulic traits to drought and recovery responses in a tropical montane cloud forest
Understanding plant hydraulic functioning and water balance during drought has become key in predicting species survival and recovery. However, the insightful studies that couple physiological and morphological attributes do not exist in many ecosystems, such as the vulnerable Tropical Montane Cloud Forests (TMCF). In this study, we evaluate drought resistance and recovery for saplings for five tree species spanning deciduous to evergreen habits from a Mexican TMCF. Methods Drought treatments withheld water until plants reached species-specific P50 or P88 values (pressures required to induce a 50 or 88 percent loss in hydraulic conductivity), at which point they were rewatered. Drought resistance were considered within the isohydric-anisohydric framework and compared to leaf gas exchange, water status, pressure-volume curves, specific leaf area, and stomatal density. Results TMCF species closed stomata well before significant losses in hydraulic conductivity (isohydric). Yet, despite the coordination of these traits, they did not predict how long it took species to reach critical hydraulic thresholds. Instead, maximum photosynthesis rates explained these times reinforcing the linkage between hydraulic and carbon dynamics. Despite varying hydraulic conductivities, stomatal responses, and times to hydraulic thresholds, all study plants except for two individuals (out of 60) recovered following rewatering. The recovery of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance was explained by the P50 values and isohydry. Conclusions This study raises new questions surrounding drought management strategies, recovery processes, and how lethal thresholds are defined. Further studies need to consider the role of water and carbon balance in allowing for both survival and recovery to drought.
Phytogeographic origin determines Tropical Montane Cloud Forest hydraulic trait composition
<p>Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) have unique climatic conditions, which allow the coexistence of plant lineages with different phytogeographic origins from tropical versus temperate climates. Future climate projections suggest TMCFs will be subjected to increasing drought stress due to fog uplift and higher temperatures, possibly leading to tree mortality and local extinctions, and consequently changes in forest composition and functioning. Characterising community functional composition, trade-offs among traits and the drivers of community assembly is of utmost importance to improve our capacity to predict the response of montane plant communities to forecast climate change.</p> <p>Here, we aimed to test if species from different phytogeographic origins (i.e. tropical - evergreen x deciduous - and temperate) differ in drought vulnerability and how the co-existence of these groups change the hydraulic composition of TMCF`s. We used a framework based on measurements of key hydraulic traits (i.e. xylem embolism resistance, hydraulic safety margin, stomata control, turgor loss point, minimum water potential) of 16 dominant species (> 70% of the forest basal area) within a TMCF in the Atlantic Rain Forest Domain in southeast Brazil. We used community-weighted means to model whether removing each species group would change the community hydraulic functional composition.</p> <p>Temperate, tropical deciduous and tropical evergreen groups differ in their hydraulic functioning and these differences explain forest functional composition and taxa dominance. Temperate and tropical deciduous taxa were consistently more vulnerable hydraulically (i.e. lower safety margins and embolism resistance). The coexistence of different phytogeographic lineages is a key determinant of TMCF hydraulic composition. We also used models including phylogeny to evaluate the variation of hydraulic traits across Phytogeographic groups, and the results suggest some niche conservatism associated with plant hydraulic functioning.</p> <p>Our results provide evidence of the importance of species phytogeographic origin on TMCF functioning, and niche conservatism in the evolution of hydraulic traits. The higher drought vulnerability observed in temperate group might be a mechanistic explanation for the expansion of temperate taxa distribution to wetter places during past colder and drier climate. Thus, we suggest hydraulic functional traits may be useful to predict future dynamics of TMCFs under changing climatic conditions.</p>
Tracking climate vulnerability across spatial distribution and functional traits in Magnolia gentryi from the Peruvian tropical montane cloud forest
<p>Understanding the responses of tree species' functional traits to climate variability is essential for predicting the future of Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) tree species through acclimation, especially in Andean montane environments where fog pockets act as moisture traps. We studied the distribution of <em>Magnolia gentryi</em> to measure its spatial arrangement and identify local hotspots, while also evaluating the extent to which climate-related factors are associated with its distribution. Finally, we analyzed variations in 13 functional traits of <em>M. gentryi</em> and the climate links to infer the shaping plant acclimate capacity. Our results show that Andean TMCF climatic factors constrain <em>M. gentryi</em> spatial distribution with significant patches or gaps, associated with high precipitation rates and mean minimum temperature. The functional traits of <em>M. gentryi</em> are constrained by Andean TMCF climatic factors, resulting in reduced within-species acclimation in functional traits associated with a hydric deficit. The association between functional traits and climate oscillation is crucial for understanding the growth conditions of relict-endemic species and is essential for conservation efforts. Changes in forest trait diversity and species composition occur because of fluctuations in hydraulic safety–efficiency gradients.</p>
Phytogeographic origin determines Tropical Montane Cloud Forest hydraulic trait composition
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Data from: Linking coordinated hydraulic traits to drought and recovery responses in a tropical montane cloud forest
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Tracking climate vulnerability across spatial distribution and functional traits in Magnolia gentryi from the Peruvian tropical montane cloud forest
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Fig. 3 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 3. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov., male left palpus, schematic. A. Palpus without embolic division, ventral view. B. Embolic division with part of distal suprategular apophysis, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B = 40 μm.
High genetic diversity but spatially restricted genetic connectivity in a Tropical Montane Cloud Forest tree (Magnolia schiedeana)
Magnolias are representative shrub and tree species of the Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) in Mexico, which is one of the most endangered ecosystems due to anthropogenic landscape degradation and climate change. Magnolia schiedeana is a vulnerable and restricted endemic TMCF species, occurring in scattered TMCF fragments in the Sierra Madre Oriental. In this study, we investigated spatial patterns of genetic diversity across the M. schiedeana species range and assessed whether gene flow was influenced by topographic and environmental factors. We sampled eleven remnant populations across the species range and genotyped 180 individuals at eight nuclear microsatellite loci. Our data showed a strong spatial structure in five genetic clusters, which match the patchy geographic distribution of M. schiedeana. Contemporary migration rates between these genetic clusters were very low. Levels of genetic diversity within populations were moderate to high, and no evidence of inbreeding was found. Our results from landscape genetic analysis showed that isolation by distance, rather than topography or environmental variation, was the main process shaping genetic differentiation. Urgent actions are needed to protect M. schiedeana populations as most of them persist isolated within agricultural and urban landscapes. Ex-situ management actions would be crucial to ensure the conservation of genetically diverse germplasm for the in-situ propagation where it has gone locally extinct.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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