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Fig. A3 in Susceptibility of tropical mountain forests to biological invasions from the temperate and subtropical zone, exemplified by Zonitoides (Gastropoda: Gastrodontidae)

Fig. A3. Map of the occurrences of Zonitoides arboreus s.l. and Zonitoides nitidus used for the calculation of climatic suitability for the 20 km grid resolution.

Fig. A4 in Susceptibility of tropical mountain forests to biological invasions from the temperate and subtropical zone, exemplified by Zonitoides (Gastropoda: Gastrodontidae)

Fig. A4. Global climatic suitability for: (a) Zonitoides arboreus s.l.; and (b) Zonitoides nitidus based on Mahalanobis distances using the 20 km grid resolution. The higher the threshold, the more dissimilar are the climatic conditions to those of the majority of known occurrences, and>100% means that the climatic conditions are dissimilar to those of any other available record. Please note that the deserts of Africa, Arabia and Australia are unlikely places for a snail that inhabits (temperate) forests in its native range (Z. arboreus s.l.), and that the Great Lakes Region that seems well inhabited by Z. nitidus does not fully match its climate, what can only be explained from effects of averaging local climates at a larger grid scale.

Fig. A1 in Susceptibility of tropical mountain forests to biological invasions from the temperate and subtropical zone, exemplified by Zonitoides (Gastropoda: Gastrodontidae)

Fig. A1. Map of the occurrences of Zonitoides arboreus s.l. used for the calculation of climatic suitability for the 10 km grid resolution.

Fig. 4 in Susceptibility of tropical mountain forests to biological invasions from the temperate and subtropical zone, exemplified by Zonitoides (Gastropoda: Gastrodontidae)

Fig. 4. Position of the new locations (L1 and L2, enumeration for each species separately) in Sabah in relation to the Mahalanobis distances of climatic variables for: (a) Zonitoides arboreus s.l., and (b) Z. nitidus. Record ID refers to the order of the data entry.

Fig. 2 in Susceptibility of tropical mountain forests to biological invasions from the temperate and subtropical zone, exemplified by Zonitoides (Gastropoda: Gastrodontidae)

Fig. 2. Global climatic suitability for (a) Zonitoides arboreus s.l. and (b) Zonitoides nitidus based on Mahalanobis distances from the 10 km grid resolution. The higher the threshold, the more dissimilar are the climatic conditions to those of the majority of known occurrences, and>100 % means that the climatic conditions are dissimilar to those of any other available record.

Fig. 1 in Susceptibility of tropical mountain forests to biological invasions from the temperate and subtropical zone, exemplified by Zonitoides (Gastropoda: Gastrodontidae)

Fig. 1. Estimation of the phylogenetic relationships of the COI barcoding sequence from the Zonitoides specimens and two outgroups (labeled with their BOLD or GenBank accession numbers) using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model. The tree with the highest log likelihood (−2138.3583) is shown. Branch lengths equal genetic distances in terms of the number of base substitutions per site. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 replicates) are shown next to the branches. The tree was constructed in MEGA 6.0. Please note that the shell of (living) Z. nitidus is darkly pigmented, and that the extended animal of the depicted Z. nitidus started fading.

Fig. A2 in Susceptibility of tropical mountain forests to biological invasions from the temperate and subtropical zone, exemplified by Zonitoides (Gastropoda: Gastrodontidae)

Fig. A2. Map of the occurrences of Zonitoides nitidus used for the calculation of climatic suitability for the 10 km grid resolution.

publicJan 2025View details →

dryad40/100

Data from: Phenological patterns of tropical mountain forest trees across the neotropics: Evidence from herbarium specimens

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opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Differences in carbon stocks along an elevational gradient in tropical mountain forests of Colombia

Tropical mountain forests provide an exceptional opportunity to evaluate the patterns of variation of carbon stocks along elevational gradients that correspond to well-defined temperature gradients. We predicted that carbon stored in live aboveground biomass, aboveground necromass, and soil components of forests on the eastern flank of the Colombian Andes would change with elevation along this gradient extending from 750 to 2800 m above sea level. The rationale was that the corresponding change in temperature (14°C to 26°C) would influence tree growth and decomposition of organic matter. To address this hypothesis, we examined the carbon stored in these three components using data from 20 0.25-ha plots located along this elevational gradient. The mean total carbon stock found in the study region was 241.3±37.5 Mg C/ha. Aboveground carbon stocks decreased with elevation (p =0.001), as did necromass carbon stocks (p =0.016). Although soil organic carbon stocks did not differ significantly along the gradient (p =0.153), they contributed proportionately more at higher than at lower elevations, counterbalancing the opposite trends in aboveground carbon and necromass carbon stocks. As such, total carbon stocks did not vary significantly along the elevational gradient (p =0.576).

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Traits that allow bats of tropical lowland origin to conquer mountains: bat assemblages along elevational gradients in the South American Atlantic Forest

Aim: This study aims to contribute to the identification of ecological determinants of tropical moist forest montane biodiversity, analyzing changes in the structure of bat assemblages along an elevational gradient and testing the role of species traits shaping those assemblages. Location: Mountain ranges in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Methods: We compiled a dataset with the composition of phyllostomid bat assemblages at 32 forested sites, ranging from 60m to 1960m a.s.l. We quantified how abundance and diversity changed along this elevational gradient, and assessed the capacity of each species to be present and abundant at each elevation, identifying traits that may influence that capacity. Results: Abundance and species diversity declined markedly with increasing elevation. Tolerance to low temperatures, low habitat specialization, and cave roosting facilitated success at higher elevations. Owing to trait filtering, and to changes in resource availability with elevation, assemblages were progressively dominated by a smaller number of mostly generalist species as elevation increased. Higher elevations harbor only a subset of the species that are present in the lowland forest, with no mountain specialized species. Main conclusions: High mountains harbor phyllostomid assemblages that are impoverished subsets of those at lower elevations. Phyllostomids have a tropical origin and may thus have a low potential to adapt to montane forest environments, which possibly explains the observed climatic trait filtering. Habitat filtering is also important, keeping forest specialists mostly at lowest elevations. Protected areas in the Atlantic Forest are mostly limited to mountains. While these areas are clearly important to protect biodiversity, including phyllostomid assemblages, it is now critical to protect and restore the few remnants of lower elevation Atlantic Forest where higher productivity and resource levels, increased complexity of vertical structure, and fewer climatic constraints favor the success of a wider range of phyllostomid bat species of tropical origin.

zenodo32/100

The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996). in Muridae

The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996).

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

zenodo32/100

Data set: Native forest conversion alters soil macroinvertabrate diversity and soil quality in tropical mountain landscapes of northern Ecuador

<p>Data set an related material of the article entitled: Native forest conversion alters soil macroinvertabrate diversity and soil quality in tropical mountain landscapes of northern Ecuador</p>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

publicJan 2020View details →

Data from: Traits that allow bats of tropical lowland origin to conquer mountains: bat assemblages along elevational gradients in the South American Atlantic Forest

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publicJun 2020View details →

Data from: Differences in carbon stocks along an elevational gradient in tropical mountain forests of Colombia

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Fig. 3 in Susceptibility of tropical mountain forests to biological invasions from the temperate and subtropical zone, exemplified by Zonitoides (Gastropoda: Gastrodontidae)

Fig. 3. Climatic suitability for (a) Zonitoides arboreus s.l.; and (b) Zonitoides nitidus on the Malaysian Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo, based on Mahalanobis distances. The higher the threshold, the more dissimilar are the climatic conditions to those of the majority of known occurrences.>100% means that the climatic conditions are dissimilar to those of any available record. The new records for the species (white circles) were not included in the calculation of the climatic suitability.

Figure 3 from: Brambach F, Coode M, Biagioni S, Culmsee H (2016) Elaeocarpus firdausii (Elaeocarpaceae), a new species from tropical mountain forests of Sulawesi. PhytoKeys 62: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548

Figure 3 - Flower details of Elaeocarpus firdausii. a petal with hairy outer surface and apical divisions b stamen with clearly longer outer anther-tooth to the right. Drawing by Heike Culmsee from Brambach et al. 1953 (isotype, L!).

Figure 1 from: Brambach F, Coode M, Biagioni S, Culmsee H (2016) Elaeocarpus firdausii (Elaeocarpaceae), a new species from tropical mountain forests of Sulawesi. PhytoKeys 62: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548

Figure 1 - Map of known occurrences of Elaeocarpus firdausii in Sulawesi. Collecting localities are shown as yellow circles: Mt Rorekautimbu and Mt Malemo, both in Lore Lindu National Park (solid black line). The record on Mt Katopas on the Eastern peninsula (?) is based on a sighting without specimen. Most of the montane environments on the island are concentrated in the Central Sulawesi Mountains (CSM, dashed black line) stretching from near Palu into the Southern peninsula. Areas above 2000 m a.s.l. are shaded black. Map created with QGIS (QGIS Development Team 2015) using the digital elevation model of Jarvis et al. (2008).

Figure 4 from: Brambach F, Coode M, Biagioni S, Culmsee H (2016) Elaeocarpus firdausii (Elaeocarpaceae), a new species from tropical mountain forests of Sulawesi. PhytoKeys 62: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548

Figure 4 - Pollen of Elaeocarpus firdausii. a the 3-colporate pollen type in equatorial view b same in polar view c the 2-colporate pollen type in polar view.

Figure 2 from: Brambach F, Coode M, Biagioni S, Culmsee H (2016) Elaeocarpus firdausii (Elaeocarpaceae), a new species from tropical mountain forests of Sulawesi. PhytoKeys 62: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548

Figure 2 - Elaeocarpus firdausii. a branch with leaves and flowers (note red leaf-galls) b bark slash c branch apex with inflorescence d underside of mature leaf e flowers with golden disc and grey anthers f reddish-brown young leaves g green young leaves h conspicuous reticulation on underside of mature leaf i clustered arrangement of leaves; j young twig with stipules k flowers on apically bent pedicels. a, c, e, g, i, and k from the type collection (Brambach et al. 1953); b, d, f, h, and j from Brambach et al. 2041.