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Ungulate-Forest Interactions in Partially Harvested Oak-Pine Stands in Central Massachusetts 2009
Ungulates are attracted to forest openings created by natural disturbance and timber harvesting due to the abundance of high quality browse in these openings. Despite the increased activity and browsing of ungulates in forest openings, the importance of browsing relative to abiotic factors such as light on forest regeneration is often unclear. In southern New England, medium-intensity harvesting is the predominant forest disturbance attracting white-tailed deer and moose. Oaks are the foundation hardwood taxon and predominant timber tree in the region and are in decline. Hence, the effects of ungulate browsing on oak forests are of great interest to ecologists, conservationists and forest and wildlife managers. We sampled tree regeneration and ungulate foraging activity across a range of canopy disturbances (35-90% basal area removed) in 34 stands of the Quabbin and Ware River Watershed Forests. Browsing was very high across the plots with about 80% of red maple and oak stems browsed. Taller stems were generally browsed more frequently than shorter stems. Oak regeneration in the smaller size classes was generally lower in stands with higher percent cover of hay-scented fern. The proportion of browsed red maples and oaks generally increased with increasing density of these taxa. Despite intensive herbivory, oaks appear to be regenerating well with increased light in these partially harvested stands.
Ungulate-Disturbance Interactions in Hemlock Ecosystems at Harvard Forest 2012-2013
Densities of ungulates are often associated with recent forest disturbances such as fire, logging and insect outbreaks, as increased resources stimulate tree regeneration, leading to abundant available browse. Despite the often significant role that ungulates play in disturbed forests, surprisingly little is known about ungulate-disturbance interactions, and ungulate herbivory is often excluded from examinations of forest response to disturbance. In the Northeastern United States, a large-scale insect outbreak, the hemlock wooly adelgid (HWA), has begun to have important effects on hemlock forests both directly and indirectly (i.e., by preemptive salvage logging). No studies have examined the interactions of both moose and deer activity with these associated canopy disturbances. Our objectives are twofold: to determine (1) the response of ungulates to varying disturbance types and intensities and (2) the influence of ungulate interactions with canopy disturbance on vegetation, other biota, and ecosystem processes. We will examine the relative abundance of moose and deer in four treatments (2 replicates) at the Hemlock Removal Experiment using three indices of ungulate activity: pellet group density, evidence of past browsing on seedlings and saplings, and the occurrence of animals using game cameras. We will also monitor the response of vegetation to ungulate browsing by sampling woody and herbaceous vegetation in fenced exclosures and paired controls in disturbed and undisturbed plots.
Ungulate Browsing and Foundation Tree Regeneration in Central New England 2010
Large herbivores are important forest disturbances capable of altering community composition, biodiversity, tree density, successional pathways, and nutrient cycling. The extent to which browsers exert important impacts on forests, however, depends on the intensity and duration of browsing, the palatability and tolerance of the vegetation, available resources to plants, and the scale at which these factors are being investigated. Few studies have examined ungulate impacts at the landscape scale. Since the late-1980s moose have recolonized their pre-historical range in southern New England, joined white-tailed deer to create a potentially important new driver of forest dynamics in the region. Few, if any, studies have looked at combined deer and moose impacts on temperate forests in eastern North America. In the summer of 2010, we initiated a landscape-scale observational study on ungulate habitat use and browsing on foundation tree species (Quercus spp. and Tsuga canadensis) in unlogged forests. Seventy-two forest plots were sampled across several ecoregions in central and western Massachusetts, southern Vermont and New Hampshire and northern Connecticut. Tree seedlings, overstory characteristics, browsing, pellet piles, and shrub densities were sampled; and site attributes such as mean annual temperature and forest fragmentation were examined.
Data from: "Using low-fix rate GPS telemetry to expand estimates of ungulate reproductive success"
<p>Secondary datasets used for analysis in "Using low-fix rate GPS telemetry to expand estimates of ungulate reproductive success". Raw GPS relocation data are not publicly available due to potential ethical implications but are available from the corresponding author (Nathan Hooven, nathan.d.hooven@gmail.com) upon reasonable request. Datasets include:</p> <p>elk_days_part.csv: generated movement metrics and days from parturition for all cow elk for which reproductive success was confirmed</p> <p>elk_np.csv: generated movement metrics for non-parturient cow elk</p> <p>elk_unknowns.csv: generated movement metrics for cows with unknown reproductive status, but were confirmed pregnant in mid-winter</p> <p>elk_thisyear.csv: generated movement metrics for 2020 Vectronic cows monitored in 2021</p> <p>Part_dates.csv: Confirmed and predicted dates of parturition for all elk in training and testing sets</p> <p>all_prob_summary_parturient.csv: Confirmed and predicted dates of parturition and differences for confirmed successful elk</p> <p>Decision rules 1.xlsx: Spreadsheet with classification accuracy based upon varying decision rules</p> <p>Decision rules 2.csv: Plottable summary of classification accuracy based upon varying decision rules</p> <p> </p>
FIG. 15 in New remains of kollpaniine "condylarths" (Panameriungulata) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia shed light on hypocone origins and molar proportions among ungulate-like placentals
FIG. 15. — Upper molar proportions in Euungulata, "Condylarthra", SANUs, and the kollpaniines from Tiupampa described here. Molar proportions are plotted in the developmental 'morphospace' (Kavanagh et al. 2007; Polly 2007) where the white region is consistent with the IC model; the broken line is the relationship predicted for lower molar of murine rodents (see Material and methods and Table 8). Abbreviations: Kalith., Kalitherium.
FIG. 11 in New remains of kollpaniine "condylarths" (Panameriungulata) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia shed light on hypocone origins and molar proportions among ungulate-like placentals
FIG. 11. — Pucanodus gagnieri: partial right mandible with m2-3 (MHNC 13869): A, stereophotograph of occlusal view; B, the same in labial view. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 4 in New remains of kollpaniine "condylarths" (Panameriungulata) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia shed light on hypocone origins and molar proportions among ungulate-like placentals
FIG. 4. — Molinodus suarezi: partial maxilla (MHNC 13870) with incomplete M1-2 and complete M3. Stereophotograph of occusal view. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 7 in New remains of kollpaniine "condylarths" (Panameriungulata) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia shed light on hypocone origins and molar proportions among ungulate-like placentals
FIG. 7. — Simoclaenus sylvaticus: partial right mandible with alveolus of p1, root of p2-3, p4 and m1 (MHNC 13872): A, stereophotographs of occlusal view; B, the same in lateral view; C, the same in medial view. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 2 in New remains of kollpaniine "condylarths" (Panameriungulata) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia shed light on hypocone origins and molar proportions among ungulate-like placentals
FIG. 2. — Partial left mandible of Molinodus suarezi (MHNC 13867) bearing p3-m3: A, stereophotographs of the occlusal view; B, lingual view; C, labial view. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 13. — A, B in New remains of kollpaniine "condylarths" (Panameriungulata) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia shed light on hypocone origins and molar proportions among ungulate-like placentals
FIG. 13. — A, B, Lamegoia conodonta; C, didolodontidae indet.; A, occlusal view of a left m2 of Lamegoia conodonta (cast of holotype MNRJ 1463-V); B, occlusal view of a right M2 (reversed) of Lamegoia conodonta (cast of MNRJ 1465-V); C, occlusal view of a left M2 (cast of MNRJ 1464-V) of and undetermined didolodont (referred by Paula Couto [1952a] to L. conodonta). Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 5 in New remains of kollpaniine "condylarths" (Panameriungulata) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia shed light on hypocone origins and molar proportions among ungulate-like placentals
FIG. 5. — Molinodus suarezi: partial maxilla (MHNC 13870): A, occlusal view; B, lingual view. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Disease and lesion maps - part of the Scientific opinion on the evaluation of public and animal health risks in case of a delayed post-mortem inspection in ungulates
<p>EFSA was requested to assess the impact on effectiveness of <em>post-mortem</em> inspection in terms of any change in the sensitivity of detection of animal diseases of domestic and wild ungulates listed according to Article 5 of Regulation (EC) No 2016/429 and septicaemia, pyaemia, toxaemia or viraemia, when carried out after up to 24 hours or up to 72 hours after slaughter in comparison to when it is carried out immediately after slaughter. In order to identify the main lesions associated with the target diseases, a so called “disease map” was built, with the information about the clinical forms of the diseases (acute, subacute, chronic, or latent forms) and clinical signs, as well as potential lesions that could be observed on the respective diseased animals.</p> <p>The following information is indicated for each disease/condition in the disease map:</p> <ol> <li>The susceptible animal species</li> <li>Whether there is any surveillance programme in place in the EU</li> <li>The signs associated with the disease that could be detected at <em>ante mortem </em>inspection;</li> <li>The lesions associated with the disease that could be detected at <em>post mortem</em> inspection</li> <li>The probability of detecting the disease during the PMI as normally carried out.</li> <li>Whether carcass swabbing and/or laboratory tests are normally carried out.</li> </ol> <p>From the disease map, the list of organs to be considered at <em>post mortem</em> inspection and the lesions, a “lesion map” was built by connecting animal species with organs, lesions and corresponding disease. This was done to facilitate the construction of a questionnaire where, for each organ and the five types of lesions, the respondents (meat inspectors) had to provide a numerical answer about how many carcasses out of 100 with the given lesion, will be still detected after 24- or 72-h of refrigerated storage.</p>
Fig. 3 in New Eocene South American native ungulates from the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park, Argentina
Fig. 3. New fossil specimens of Typotheria and Toxodontia from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation exposed at Quebrada Grande locality, Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province), Casamayoran SALMA. A, B. Colbertiasp. A. IBIGEO-P 58a, left maxillary fragment with M2–M3 in occlusal view. B. IBIGEO-P 58b, left maxillary fragment with P4–M3 in occlusal view. C–E. Pampahippus secundus Deraco and García-López, 2016. C. IBIGEO-P 62, right trigonid and incomplete talonid of a lower right molar in occlusal view. D. IBIGEO-P 63, fragmented left p3 or p4 in occlusal view. E. IBIGEO-P 64, left m1? in occlusal (E1), labial (E2), and lingual (E3) views. Photographs (A1–E1, E3, E4), explanatory drawings (A2–E2). Dashed area indicates broken or missing dental areas.
Fig. 1 in New Eocene South American native ungulates from the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park, Argentina
Fig. 1. New fossil materials of Litopterna, Astrapotheria, and Notostylopidae from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation exposed at Quebrada Grande locality, Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province), Casamayoran SALMA, Eocene. A. cf. Ernestokokenia sp. (IBIGEO-P 65), fragmented left upper cheek tooth in occlusal view. B. Astrapotheria indet. (IBIGEO-P 66), left maxillary fragment with three broken molariforms in lingual (B1) and occlusal (B3) views, and detail showing Hunter-Schreger bands (B4); dashed area in B2 indicates broken or missing dental areas. C. Homalostylops sp. (IBIGEO-P 57b), right m2? in occlusal (C1), lingual (C3), and labial (C4) views. D.?Homalostylops sp. (IBIGEO-P 57a), left m1? in occlusal view. Photographs (A1, B1, B3, B4, C1, C3, C4, D1), explanatory drawings (A2, B2, C2, D2).
Land cover preferences and spatiotemporal associations of ungulates within a Scottish mammal community
<p>In the degraded and modified environment of the Scottish Highlands, novel ungulate communities have arisen following local extinctions, reintroductions, and the introduction of non-native species. An understanding of the dynamics and interactions within these unique mammal communities is important as many of these mammals represent keystone species with disproportionate impacts on the environment. Using a camera trap survey, we investigated land cover preferences and spatiotemporal interactions within a Scottish ungulate community: the sika deer (<em>Cervus nippon</em>), the roe deer (<em>Capreolus capreolus</em>), the red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>), and the wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>). We used generalised linear models to assess land cover preferences and the effect of human disturbance; spatiotemporal interactions were characterised using time interval modelling. We found sika deer and roe deer preferred coniferous plantations and grasslands, with sika deer additionally preferring woodland. For red deer, we found a slight preference for wetland over woodland; however, the explained variance was low. Finally, wild boar preferred grassland and woodland and avoided coniferous plantations, heathland, and shrubland. Contrary to our expectations, we found no evidence that human disturbance negatively impacted ungulates distributions, potentially because ungulates temporally avoid humans or because dense vegetation cover mitigates the impacts of humans on their distributions. Furthermore, we detected a spatiotemporal association between sika deer and roe deer. Although the underlying cause of this is unknown, we hypothesise that interactions such as grazing facilitation or an anti-predator response to culling could be driving this pattern. Our work provides a preliminary analysis of the dynamics occurring within a novel ungulate community, but also highlights current knowledge gaps in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms dictating the observed spatiotemporal associations.</p>
Fig. 1 in Use of filter papers to determine seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among hunted ungulates in remote Peruvian Amazon
Fig. 1. Animals were hunted in the area surrounding the community of Nueva Esperanza, the only permanent settlement located along the Yavarí-Mirín River. The study site's geographic remoteness reflects extremely limited contact with domestic animals and humans, which eliminates the effect of spillover from domestic animals as a potential source of infection for wildlife. The data from this study are likely to shed light on the maintenance of T. gondii in its natural environment.
Fig. 1 in Formation Of Inter-Species Links In Ungulates In The Azov-Syvash National Nature Park
Fig. 1. Dynamics of quantity of the hoof-animals in the Azov-Syvash National Nature Park in the course of 1928–2018.
Fig. 2 in Population Structure Of Ungulates In Waterberg National Park, Namibia
Fig. 2. Location of Waterberg N. P., the different vegetation types and the distribution of the seven (7) water holes in the park (Jankowitz, 1983).
Fig. 4 in Population Structure Of Ungulates In Waterberg National Park, Namibia
Fig. 4. Herd size and number of herds of White and Black Rhino based on water point census only in Waterberg Plateau Park.
Fig. 1 in Helminths Of Exotic Even-Toed Ungulates (Artiodactyla) In The Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine
Fig. 1. Number of helminth species found in various species of ungulates in the Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.