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14 results for “unionid”
Gene family amplification facilitates adaptation in freshwater Unionid bivalve Megalonaias nervosa
<p>As organisms are faced with intense rapidly changing selective pressures, new genetic material is required to facilitate adaptation. Among sources of genetic novelty, gene duplications and transposable elements (TEs) offer new genes or new regulatory patterns that can facilitate evolutionary change. With advances in genome sequencing it is possible to gain a broader view of how gene family proliferation and TE content evolve in non-model species when populations become threatened. Freshwater bivalves (Unionidae) currently face severe anthropogenic challenges. Over 70% of species in the United States are threatened, endangered or extinct due to pollution, damming of waterways, and overfishing. We have created a reference genome for M. nervosa to determine how genome content has evolved in the face of these widespread environmental challenges. We observe a burst of recent transposable element proliferation causing a 382 Mb expansion in genome content. Gene family expansion is common, with a duplication rate of 1.16 x 10^-8 per gene per generation. Cytochrome P450, ABC transporters, Hsp70 genes, von Willebrand proteins, chitin metabolism genes, mitochondria eating proteins, and opsin gene families have experienced significantly greater amplification and show signatures of selection. We use evolutionary theory to assess the relative contribution of SNPs and duplications in evolutionary change. Estimates suggest that gene family evolution may offer an exceptional substrate of genetic variation in M. nervosa, with Psgv=0.185 compared with Psgv=0.067 for single nucleotide changes. Hence, we suggest that gene family evolution is a source of "hopeful monsters" within the genome that facilitate adaptation.</p>
Gene family amplification facilitates adaptation in freshwater Unionid bivalve Megalonaias nervosa
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Unionid Monitoring and Biodiversity Observation (UMBO): Monitoring data for freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in seven southwestern Ontario, Canada watersheds (1999-2024)
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Data from: An invasive species reverses the roles in a host-parasite relationship between bitterling fish and unionid mussels
The impact of multiple invading species can be magnified due to mutual facilitation, termed "invasional meltdown", but invasive species can also be adversely affected by their interactions with other invaders. Using a unique reciprocal host-parasite relationship between a bitterling fish, Rhodeus amarus, and unionid mussels, we show that an invasive mussel reverses the roles in the relationship. Bitterling lay their eggs into mussel gills, and mussel larvae parasitize fish. Bitterling recently colonized Europe and parasitize all sympatric European mussels, but are unable to utilize a recently invasive mussel, Anodonta woodiana. The parasitic larvae of A. woodiana successfully develop on R. amarus, while larvae of European mussels are rejected by bitterling. This demonstrates that invading species may temporarily benefit from a coevolutionary lag by exploiting evolutionarily naïve hosts, but the resulting relaxed selection may facilitate its exploitation by subsequent invading species, leading to unexpected consequences for established interspecific relationships.
ddRAD-seq alignment data for Unionid mussels
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>North American watersheds contain the world's highest diversity of freshwater mussels (Unionoida), and up to 40 species can co-occur in a single riffle. They collectively exhibit little evidence for ecological differentiation during the long-lived, benthic phase of their life cycle. In contrast, their brief parasitic larval phase involves the infection of a wide diversity of fish hosts. Gravid female mussels have evolved multiple methods for increasing the probability of infecting a host fish. Some species use a passive broadcast strategy: placing high numbers of larvae in the water column and relying on chance encounters with potential hosts for infection. Most species have a proactive strategy that entails the use of prey-mimetic lures to change the behavior of the hosts, <i>i.e.</i>, eliciting a feeding response through which they become infected. Gravid females collectively produce two main lure types: a mantle tissue lure (on the female's body) and a brood lure, containing infective larvae, that she releases into the external environment. In this study, we used a phylogenomic approach (ddRAD-seq) to place the diversity of infection strategies used by 54 North American lampsiline mussels into an evolutionary context. Ancestral state reconstruction recovered evidence for the early evolution of mantle lures in this clade, with brood lures and broadcast infection strategies both being independently derived twice. The most common infection strategy, occurring in our largest ingroup clade, is a mixed one in which mimetic mantle lures are apparently the predominant infection mechanism, but gravid females also release simple, non-mimetic brood lures at the end of the season. This mixed infection strategy clade shows some evidence of an increase in diversification rate and most members use bass (<i>Micropterus</i> & <i>Ambloplites spp</i>.) as their predominant fish hosts. Broad linkage between infection strategies and predominant fish host genera is also seen in other lampsiline clades: worm-like mantle lures of <i>Toxolasma spp. </i>with sunfish (<i>Lepomis spp.</i>); insect larvae-like brood lures (<i>Ptychobranchus spp.</i>), or mantle lures (<i>Medionidus</i> spp., <i>Obivaria</i>spp.), or mantle lures combined with host capture (<i>Epioblasma</i> spp.) with a spectrum of darter (<i>Etheostoma </i>& <i>Percina</i><i>spp.</i>) and sculpin (<i>Cottus spp.</i>) hosts, and tethered brood lures (<i>Hamiota</i> spp.) with bass (<i>Micropterus</i> & <i>Ambloplites spp</i>.). Our phylogenetic results confirm that discrete lampsiline mussel clades exhibit considerable specialization in the primary fish host clades their larvae parasitize, and in the host infection strategies they employ to do so. They are also consistent with the hypothesis that larval resource partitioning of fish hosts is an important factor in maintaining species diversity in mussel assemblages. We conclude that taking their larval ecology and host-infection mechanisms into account, lampsiline mussels may be legitimately viewed as a cryptic adaptive radiation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
St. Clair-Detroit River Unionid Count Data
<p>Spreadsheet with original unionid data for Chapter 4 of Shay Keretz' PhD Dissertation at Central Michigan University: "Habitat Modelling of Native Freshwater Mussels Distinguishes Characteristic Differences in the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers of the Laurentian Great Lakes."</p>
ddRAD-seq alignment data for Unionid mussels
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Data from Evidence of phenotypic plasticity in the response of unionid mussels to turbidity.
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Data from: An invasive species reverses the roles in a host-parasite relationship between bitterling fish and unionid mussels
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Figure 5 from: Kongim B, Sutcharit C, Panha S (2015) Cytotaxonomy of unionid freshwater mussels (Unionoida, Unionidae) from northeastern Thailand with description of a new species. ZooKeys 514: 93-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.514.8977
Figure 5 - Shell valves of A, B Scabies songkramensis sp. n., A holotype ZMMSU 00500 and B paratype ZMMSU 00501. C Scabies crispata, Brandt collection SMF 188682 from Bangkok, Thailand D Scabies nucleus Brandt collection SMF 198394 from Mekong River, Pakse, Laos E Scabies phaselus Brandt collection SMF 188695 from Takrong River, Nakon Ratchsrima, and F hinge plates of Scabies songkramensis sp. n., holotype, with illustrating and measurements terminology. Abbreviations: aa, anterior adductor muscle scar; lt, lateral teeth; pa, posterior adductor muscle scar; pl, pallial line; pt, pseudocardinal tooth; H, height of valves; L, length of valves; and W, width of valves.
Figure 4 from: Kongim B, Sutcharit C, Panha S (2015) Cytotaxonomy of unionid freshwater mussels (Unionoida, Unionidae) from northeastern Thailand with description of a new species. ZooKeys 514: 93-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.514.8977
Figure 4 - Karyotypes of unionids studied: A Chamberlainia hainesiana B Hyriopsis bialatus C Scabies crispata D Scabies songkramensis sp. n. E Pseudodon mouhoti F Ensidens ingallsianus G Physunio inornatus H Trapezoideus exolescens. Abbreviations: m, metacentric; sm, submetacentric; st, subtelocentric; t, telocentric; numbers 1, 5, 10, 11, 15 represent the pair numbers.
Figure 1 from: Kongim B, Sutcharit C, Panha S (2015) Cytotaxonomy of unionid freshwater mussels (Unionoida, Unionidae) from northeastern Thailand with description of a new species. ZooKeys 514: 93-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.514.8977
Figure 1 - Sampling locations for unionids in northeastern Thailand: 1 Ban Tha Nanglian, Chonnabot, Khon Kaen (16°1'21"N; 102°33'34"E) 2 Ban Tha Khonyang, Kantharawichai, Maha Sarakham (16°14'1"N; 103°16'1"E) 3 Ban Tha Krai, Selaphum, Roi Et (16°2'0"N; 103°56'2"E) 4 Ban Klang Charern, Pangkon, Sakon Nakorn (17°24'22"N; 103°50'1"E) 5 Kamtakla, Sakon Nakorn (17°49'32"N; 103°47'10"E).
Figure 3 from: Kongim B, Sutcharit C, Panha S (2015) Cytotaxonomy of unionid freshwater mussels (Unionoida, Unionidae) from northeastern Thailand with description of a new species. ZooKeys 514: 93-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.514.8977
Figure 3 - Mitotic chromosomes of unionids studied: A Chamberlainia hainesiana B Hyriopsis bialatus C Scabies crispata D Scabies songkramensis sp. n. E Pseudodon mouhoti F Ensidens ingallsianus G Physunio inornatus H Trapezoideus exolescens.
Figure 2 from: Kongim B, Sutcharit C, Panha S (2015) Cytotaxonomy of unionid freshwater mussels (Unionoida, Unionidae) from northeastern Thailand with description of a new species. ZooKeys 514: 93-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.514.8977
Figure 2 - Comparative external views of shell valves of unionids studied: A Chamberlainia hainesiana B Hyriopsis bialatus C Scabies crispata D Pseudodon mouhoti E Ensidens ingallsianus F Physunio inornatus G Trapezoideus exolescens.
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