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11 results for “upper thermal tolerance”
Upper thermal tolerance of grassland vipers (Vipera spp.): environmental drivers and local adaptation
<p>The thermal tolerance of ectotherms is a critical factor that influences their distribution, physiology, behaviour, and ultimately survival. Understanding the factors that shape thermal tolerance in these organisms is therefore of great importance for predicting their responses to forecasted climate warming. Here, we investigated the voluntary thermal maximum (VTmax) of nine grassland viper taxa and explored the factors that influence this trait. The small size of these vipers and the open landscape they inhabit renders them particularly vulnerable to overheating and dehydration. We found that the VTmax of grassland vipers is influenced by environmental temperature, precipitation, shortwave flux, and individual body size, rather than by phylogenetic relatedness. Vipers living in colder environments exhibited a higher upper thermal tolerance, contradicting the hypothesis that environmental temperature is positively related to VTmax. Our findings emphasise the importance of considering local to regional adaptation and environmental conditions when studying thermal physiology and the evolution of thermal tolerance in ectotherms.</p>
Effects of incubation temperature on the upper thermal tolerance of the imperiled longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys)
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Mildenberger - Upper thermal tolerances of three east Texas freshwater mussels
<p>These data and analyses are from a study on 3 species of East Texas freshwater mussels, which determined each species' upper lethal thermal tolerances. The study also included water temperature measurements, expanded with hindcasting code, and a uniform continuous above-threshold (UCAT) analysis on extreme exceedances. </p>
Genetic variation for upper thermal tolerance diminishes within and between populations with increasing acclimation temperature in Atlantic salmon
<p>Populations may counteract lasting temperature changes or recurrent extremes through plasticity or adaptation. However, it remains underexplored how outbreeding, either naturally, unintentionally, or facilitated, may modify a local response potential and whether genotype-by-environment interactions or between-trait correlations can restrict this potential. We quantified population differences and outbreeding effects, within-population genetic variation, and plasticity of these, for thermal performance proxy traits using 32 pedigreed wild, domesticated, and wild-domesticated Atlantic salmon families reared under common-garden conditions. Following exposure to ambient cold (11.6°C) or ~4- and ~8-degree warmer summer temperatures, populations differed notably for body length and critical thermal maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) and for thermal plasticity of length, condition, and CT<sub>max</sub>, but not for haematocrit. Line-cross analysis suggested mostly additive and some dominant outbreeding effects on means and solely additive outbreeding effects on plasticity. Heritability was detected for all traits. However, with increasing acclimation temperature, differences in CT<sub>max</sub> between populations and CT<sub>max</sub> heritability diminished, and CT<sub>max</sub> breeding values re-ranked. Furthermore, CT<sub>max</sub> and body size were negatively correlated at the genetic and phenotypic levels, and there was indirect evidence for a positive correlation between growth potential and thermal performance breadth for growth. Thus, population differences (including those between wild and domesticated populations) in thermal performance and plasticity may present a genetic resource in addition to the within-population genetic variance to facilitate, or impede, thermal adaptation. However, unfavourable genotype-by-environment interactions and negative between-trait correlations may generally hamper joint evolution in response to increase in average temperature and temporary extremes.</p>
Determining the upper thermal tolerance of Athabasca rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) across naturally varying stream temperatures in the Athabasca River watershed
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Genetic variation for upper thermal tolerance diminishes within and between populations with increasing acclimation temperature in Atlantic salmon
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Data from: The upper thermal tolerance for a Texas population of the hairy maggot blow fly Chrysomya rufifacies Macquart (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
<p>The hairy maggot blow fly (<i>Chrysomya rufifacies</i>: Macquart) is an invasive necrophagous fly found throughout the continental United States. <i>Chrysomya</i> <i>rufifacies</i> is of medical/veterinary, forensic, and ecological importance due to its ability to cause myiasis, colonize human remains, and displace native Diptera. However, little is known about their upper thermal tolerance, which could be used to better predict their invasion potential.</p> <p>We investigated the upper thermal tolerance of <i>C. rufifacies </i>exposed to different temperatures (20 – 45°C), times (1 – 6 h), and nutrients (no food or water, water only, or a food-water mixture) for both sexes and two age ranges (young = 6-8, old = 9-11 days post pupal emergence).</p> <p>As temperature or duration increased, the probability of knockdown increased (0 – 100% at 20 and 45°C and from 41 – 75% at 1 and 6 h), while the probability of survival decreased (99 – 2% at 20 and 45°C and from 75 – 28% at 1 and 6 h). The availability of nutrients increased thermal tolerance at moderate temperatures (40 and 42°C). Female flies were more thermally tolerant than males (probability of knockdown = 49% vs 58%; probability of survival = 58 % vs 46%). Thermal tolerance did not differ by age.</p> <p>These data reveal details about the upper thermal tolerance for a single population of <i>C. rufifacies</i>, and suggest that environmental and organismal factors ought to be considered in order to make meaningful predictions about the invasion potential of <i>C. rufifacies </i>in North America.</p>
Data from: Evolutionary potential of multiple measures of upper thermal tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster
Thermal tolerance influences the distribution and abundance of many species, but the adaptive capacity of species to increase upper thermal tolerance is poorly understood. Given that patterns of heat tolerance can strongly depend on assay method, it is crucial to get a better understanding of genetic variances and correlations among different heat tolerance components. This study tests for correlated responses in different heat tolerance assays in Drosophila melanogaster lines selected for increased heat tolerance following exposure to a static high temperature. Traits tested included heat tolerance measured under static (basal and hardened) and ramping assays (using different starting temperatures and ramping rates), with lines exposed to fluctuating conditions (3 days of a cycling temperature regime) and a variable food treatment. Selected lines had higher heat tolerance than control lines in all static and ramping assays. The upper thermal tolerance was up to 0·5 °C higher in the selected compared to control lines after ten generations of strong selection. Selection using a static assay therefore leads to correlated responses in other heat-resistant components, suggesting that traits are genetically correlated and not influenced strongly by assay conditions. While the D. melanogaster population we studied harboured additive genetic variation to evolve increased upper thermal tolerance, the level detected may be insufficient to keep up with temperature increases predicted under climate change.
Data from: Evolutionary potential of multiple measures of upper thermal tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: The upper thermal tolerance for a Texas population of the hairy maggot blow fly Chrysomya rufifacies Macquart (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
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Data from: How much starvation, desiccation and oxygen depletion can Drosophila melanogaster tolerate before its upper thermal limits are affected?
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