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18 results for “upper troposphere”
Hydrogen peroxide in the upper tropical troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean and western Africa during the CAFE-Africa aircraft campaign
<p>We provide here the supporting dataset for our study on airborne measurements of oh hydrogen peroxide in the upper tropical troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean and western Africa during the CAFE-Africa aircraft campaign in 2018.</p> <p> </p>
Observations of trace gases in the lowermost stratosphere and upper troposphere from the SPURT aircraft measurement program
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>SPURT (Spurenstofftransport in der Tropopausenregion, trace gas transport in the tropopause region) was an aircraft measurement program funded by the AFO 2000 programme of the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). Eight campaigns (36 flights in total) were conducted between November 2001 and July 2003 to investigate trace gas transport in the extratropical upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere in all seasons. A wide range of trace gases with different lifetimes and sink/source characteristics were measured in-situ from a Learjet 35A aircraft flying at altitudes up to 13.7 km. The data set is well suited for studies of atmospheric transport, for model validation, and for investigations of seasonal changes in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere as demonstrated in numerous accompanying studies.</p> <p><strong>Dataset content</strong></p> <ol> <li>In-situ measurements of N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, CFC12, H<sub>2</sub>, SF<sub>6</sub>, NO, NO<sub>y</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O along all flight tracks.</li> <li>Position and meteorological quantities recorded by the aircraft along all flight tracks.</li> <li>Meteorological data from ECMWF analysis fields and derived products such as potential vorticity and equivalent latitude interpolated to all flight tracks.</li> <li>Merge files (extension .mrg) of all observations, aircraft positions and other data merged into one single file per flight at 5 sec temporal resolution. Due to different instrument response times or computer clocks, the individual measurements were typically shifted by several seconds relative to each other. These time shifts are corrected for in the merge files.</li> <li>Ten day backward trajectories started every 12 minutes along the flight tracks computed with <em>Lagranto</em> (<a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2569-2015">doi:10.5194/gmd-8-2569-2015</a>) based on 3-hourly ECMWF IFS analysis/forecast fields.</li> <li>Further information such as flight quicklooks, flight protocols, meteorological reports, etc.</li> </ol> <p>All measurement data are provided in NASA/Ames format (<a href="https://espo.nasa.gov/content/Ames_Format_Specification_v20">https://espo.nasa.gov/content/Ames_Format_Specification_v20</a>), which is a self-explaining ASCII format that can conveniently be read by many software packages, e.g. the nappy library for python.</p> <p><strong>Quick start guide</strong></p> <ol> <li>Download and unpack the gzip compressed tar file (unpacking generates the two directories <em>images </em>and <em>data</em>)</li> <li>Change to the directory <em>data </em>and open the file index.html with a web browser. This will open a web page providing an overview of the eight campaigns and associated data.</li> <li>For most purposes it will be sufficient to work with the merge files: Change to the <em>data</em> directory and list all merge files by typing "ls */*/*.mrg" (Linux) or "dir *\*\*.mrg" (Windows).</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <p>The reference journal article for the SPURT project is</p> <p><em>Engel, A., Bönisch, H., Brunner, D., Fischer, H., Franke, H., Günther, G., Gurk, C., Hegglin, M., Hoor, P., Königstedt, R., Krebsbach, M., Maser, R., Parchatka, U., Peter, T., Schell, D., Schiller, C., Schmidt, U., Spelten, N., Szabo, T., Weers, U., Wernli, H., Wetter, T., and Wirth, V.: Highly resolved observations of trace gases in the lowermost stratosphere and upper troposphere from the Spurt project: an overview, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 283–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-283-2006, 2006. </em></p> <p>Many more scientific publications emerged from the project (see reference list and object identifiers).</p>
Evaluation of Upper Tropospheric Geopotential Height Anomalies over the Tropical and Subtropical Oceans in CMIP6 Models Using GNSS Radio Occultation Observations
<p>The set-up of CESM2-CAM6 sensitivity experiments for winter season (Dec-Jan-Feb: DJF), with prognostic falling ice radiative effects on (SON) and off (NOS), is an updated two-moment stratiform cloud scheme (MG2, Gettelman & Morrison, 2015) in the CESM2 atmospheric component of CAM6. CESM2-CAM6 participated in CMIP6. Both the NOS and SON simulations were configured following the same approach as the CMIP6 "historical" run spanning from 1980 to 2014.</p> <p> </p> <p>The data are:</p> <p> </p> <p>TS: skin temperature (K)</p> <p>TAUX: zonal surface wind stress</p> <p>TAUY: meridinal surface wind stress</p> <p>DTCOND: moist condensation heating rate</p> <p>QRL: long wave heating rate</p> <p>OMEGA: vertical motion</p> <p>Z3: geopotential height</p> <p> </p>
Synergistic HNO3–H2SO4–NH3 upper tropospheric particle formation: data resources & code
<p>Data presented in the manuscript "Synergistic HNO3–H2SO4–NH3 upper tropospheric particle formation" currently in review.</p> <p>The manuscript associated with this data was written using results from the CLOUD experiment at CERN, and the author list is a subset of the CLOUD collaboration.</p>
Dataset for "Experimental determination of the relationship between organic aerosol viscosity and ice nucleation at upper free tropospheric conditions"
<p><strong>Data and scripts used to create the figures in the manuscript titled: "Experimental determination of the relationship between organic aerosol viscosity and ice nucleation at upper free tropospheric conditions"</strong></p>
Clumped-isotope constraint on upper-tropospheric cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum
<p>Ice cores and other paleotemperature proxies, together with general circulation models, have provided information on past surface temperatures and the atmosphere's composition in different climates. Little is known, however, about past temperatures at high altitudes, which play a crucial role in Earth's radiative energy budget. Paleoclimate records at high-altitude sites are sparse, and the few that are available show poor agreement with climate model predictions. These disagreements could be due to insufficient spatial coverage, spatiotemporal biases, or model physics; new records that can mitigate or avoid these uncertainties are needed. Here, we constrain the change in upper-tropospheric temperature at the global scale during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) using the clumped-isotope composition of molecular oxygen trapped in polar ice cores. Aided by global three-dimensional chemical transport modeling, we exploit the intrinsic temperature sensitivity of the clumped-isotope composition of atmospheric oxygen to infer that the upper troposphere (effective mean altitude 10 – 11 km) was 6-9ºC cooler during the LGM than during the late preindustrial Holocene. A complementary energy balance approach supports a minor or negligible steepening of atmospheric lapse rates during the LGM, which is consistent with a range of climate model simulations. Proxy-model disagreements with other high-altitude records may stem from inaccuracies in regional hydroclimate simulation, possibly related to land-atmosphere feedbacks.</p>
The realization of autonomous, aircraft-based, real-time aerosol mass spectrometry in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (dataset)
<p>Dataset accompanying the journal article titled "The realization of autonomous, aircraft-based, real-time aerosol mass spectrometry in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere". Preprint: doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-33</p>
Dataset for mammatus-like radar echoes along the bases of upper-tropospheric outflow-layer clouds of typhoons.
<p>PPI and RHI data of radar observations of mammatus-like echoes at the cloud bases of upper-level clouds of typhoons observed by the Nagoya-University cloud radar. The observations were carried out at Okinawa, Japan in 2016 and 2019, and Kobe, Japan in 2018 This dataset includes raw data at polar coordinates and grid data interpolated to Cartesian coordinates. This dataset also includes upper-level sounding observation data during the appearance of mammatus-like echoes at Okinawa, Japan in 2016.</p> <p>In this version 2, all RHI data obtained in 3 October 2016 were added.</p>
Clumped-isotope constraint on upper-tropospheric cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Northern hemispheric atmospheric ethane trends in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (2006-2016) with reference to methane and propane
<p>Datasets for northern hemispheric atmospheric ethane, propane and methane (2006-2016) from airborne measurements by IAGOS-CARIBIC project. </p>
New particle formation from isoprene under upper-tropospheric conditions: data sources
<p>Data resources for manuscript: "<strong>New particle formation from isoprene under upper-tropospheric conditions</strong>"</p>
Mixing ratios of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in the upper troposphere
<p>The dataset contains observations of of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in the upper troposphere. Measurements were performed with gas chromatopgraphy coupled with electron capture detectors either employing airborne fast in-situ onboard instrumentation or offline post-flight analysis based on airborne flask sample collection. Mixing ratios are reported on the WMO X2014 scale. Accompanying data comprise measurements of maxing ratios of carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Data were attributed to the upper troposphere (as opposed to the lowermost stratosphere) based on these three compounds as decribed in </p><p><strong>Schuck, T. J., Degen, J., Hintsa, E., Hoor, P., Jesswein, M., Keber, T., Kunkel, D., Moore, F., Obersteiner, F., Rigby, M., Wagenhäuser, T., Western, L. M., Zahn, A., and Engel, A.: The interhemispheric gradient of SF6 in the upper troposphere, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1824, 2023</strong>. </p><p>Observations were performed during the following aircraft research missions:</p><p><strong>IAGOS-CARIBIC (CARIBIC-2), http://www.caribic-atmospheric.com/ (instrument caribic_lab_GC_ECD)</strong><br><strong>HALO (A-DLR) missions TACTS (2012) and SouthTRAC (2019) (instrument ghost_ecd)</strong><br><strong>NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom), https://espo.nasa.gov/atom/content/ATom, (instrument atom_ucats)</strong><br><strong>HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO), https://www.eol.ucar.edu/content/about-hippo, (instrument hippo_ucats)</strong></p><p> </p>
Data for the publication: Effects of turbulence on upper tropospheric ice supersaturation
<p>This repository contains the data sets shown in the above research study to appear in the Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. The Grace plot files contain ASCII data shown in figures 2-5 of that publication.</p>
Upper Tropospheric Humidity with respect to Ice
<p>We use brightness temperature data from the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) onboard the NOAA series of satellites, to produce a 40-year data set of Upper Tropospheric Humidity with respect to Ice (UTHi). The UTHi values are derived from brightness temperatures in channels 6 and 12 (upper tropospheric temperature channel and upper tropospheric water vapor channel correspondingly) using a retrieval method developed by Gierens and Eleftheratos (2019) in conjunction with the application of intercalibration coefficients from Shi and Bates (2011). As channel 6 is in the CO<sub>2 </sub>absorption band and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations have increased since 1980, channel 6 brightness temperature records have been influenced negatively by approximately 2<sup>o</sup>K in the 40-year period (Shi et al., 2016). We correct the T6 data, by applying a correction formula based on the global CO<sub>2</sub>-related brightness temperature false decrease in the 40-year period and the month-to-month change of CO<sub>2 </sub>with a reference CO<sub>2</sub> value of 370 ppm. Due to the switch of the HIRS instrument in 2000 which was accompanied by a change in the central wavelength of channel 12 there was a break in the time series of the respective brightness temperature data and subsequently to the UTHi data. We perform a bias correction and eliminate this break during the application of the retrieval equation. After the application of the previous bias corrections, we calculate the UTHi in a 2.5° x 2.5° data grid for 70°S-70°N on a monthly temporal scale.</p> <p>The file <UTHi_Exceedances_HIRS.nc> contains the fraction of UTHi threshold exceedances above 70, 80, 90 and 100%, together with their respective deseasonalized anomalies. The temporal and spatial resolution is the same as in the file <UTHi_HIRS.nc>, which contains the monthly mean UTHi data.</p> <p>Gierens, K. & Eleftheratos, K. On the interpretation of upper-tropospheric humidity based on a second-order retrieval from infrared radiances. <em>Atmos Chem Phys</em> <strong>19</strong>, 3733–3746 (2019).</p> <p>Shi, L. & Bates, J. J. Three decades of intersatellite-calibrated high-resolution infrared radiation sounder upper tropospheric water vapor. <em>Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres</em> <strong>116</strong>, (2011).</p> <p>Shi, L., Matthews, J. L., Ho, S. P., Yang, Q. & Bates, J. J. Algorithm development of temperature and humidity profile retrievals for long-term HIRS observations. <em>Remote Sens (Basel)</em> <strong>8</strong>, (2016).<br><br>Users who are interested in using this UTHi dataset are strongly recommended to contact first Dr. Kostas Eleftheratos (kelef@geol.uoa.gr). <br><br></p>
Supporting data for: What controls ozone sensitivity in the upper tropical troposphere?
<p>We provide here the supporting dataset for our study on ozone sensitivity in the upper tropical troposphere.</p>
Upper-tropospheric troughs and North American monsoon rainfall in a long-term track dataset
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
MSU Ch 3/4 Daily Upper Troposphere Temps with Limb93 Correction V001 L3 1 day 2.5 degree x 2.5 degree (MSUUTT) at GES DISC
The Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) Upper Troposphere Temperature product (MSUUTT) provides gridded upper tropospheric temperatures derived from MSU instruments on several different platforms. The temperatures are derived using a combination of MSU channels 3 and 4 which has an averaging kernel that peaks near 250 hecto Pascals. The algorithm is based on Spencer and Christy (1990) with the LIMB 93 limb correction based on latitude, longitude, month, and scan angle. The MSU instruments measure the thermal emission of radiation by molecular oxygen at four frequencies near 60 GHz. North (south) of 66.7N (S) the footprint data are assigned to grid boxes in a weighted method depending on footprint latitude. Horizontal averaging is used to fill some of the empty grid boxes.
Central role of nitric oxide in ozone production in the upper tropical troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean and West Africa
<p>The two files include observed and simulated data for the CAFE-Africa campaign. The data are available to all scientists agreeing to the CAFE-Africa data protocol.</p>
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