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11 results for “urban microclimate”
TOM.D: Taking Advantage of Microclimate Data for Urban Building Energy Modeling
<p>Data required to rebuild the study: "TOM.D: Taking Advantage of Microclimate Data for Urban Building Energy Modeling". In this dataset of New York City, one can find building footprints, monthly energy consumption data for each of these buildings, and matching / cleaned microclimate data from a variety of data sources which are referenced in the work. Among them, thermal infrared measurements may be found, climate models from NOAA and ERA5 may be found, and preprocessed vision systems from Google are used.</p>
Spiders in a Desert City: What the Behavior and Microclimate of Western Black Widows Can Teach Us About the Impacts of Urbanization
With the planet rapidly urbanizing, understanding the ecological effects of urbanization is a grand challenge for modern biology. For example, increased city temperatures known as the urban heat island effect, disproportionately impact nocturnal taxa and this consideration is widely overlooked. Slight shifts in the thermal microclimate have a cascade of ramifications that directly impact species density and distribution. Animal behavior is a trait that may explain why some species thrive after urbanization when others go locally extinct. In this study we followed 22 adult females of the western black widow, Latrodectus hesperus, from both urban and undisturbed Sonoran Desert habitats. We began looking for differences between urban and desert spiders under field conditions: boldness, voracity, web size and body condition. Both urban and desert spiders were then brought to the laboratory to see how their behavior changed. We found no behavioral differences between urban and desert spiders in the field or the laboratory. We did find that spider behavior differed between the field and the laboratory. Specifically, boldness in the laboratory was significantly lower compared to the field. Voracity was more repeatable in the laboratory versus the field, and boldness was strongly positively correlated with voracity in the laboratory, but not in the field. These behavioral shifts from the field to the laboratory favor the conclusion that black widow behavior is highly plastic and context dependent. Lastly, we monitored web temperature of black widow microhabitat continuously for an entire year using thermochron data loggers. We found microhabitat temperatures differences between urban and desert sites were greatest at night and absent during the daytime. We uncovered a seasonal effect with the highest magnitude temperature difference occurring during the springtime. Additionally, behavior was significantly correlated with field temperatures; the boldest spiders come from the
Data from: Effects of microclimate on disease prevalence across an urbanization gradient
<p>Increased temperatures associated with urbanization (the "urban heat island" effect) have been shown to impact a wide range of traits across diverse taxa. At the same time, climatic conditions vary at fine spatial scales within habitats due to factors including shade from shrubs, trees, and built structures. Patches of shade may function as microclimate refugia that allow species to occur in habitats where high temperatures and/or exposure to ultraviolet radiation would otherwise be prohibitive. However, the importance of shaded microhabitats for interactions between species across urbanized landscapes remains poorly understood. Weedy plants and their foliar pathogens are a tractable system for studying how multiple scales of climatic variation influence infection prevalence. Powdery mildew pathogens are particularly well suited to this work, as these fungi can be visibly diagnosed on leaf surfaces. We studied the effects of shaded microclimates on rates of powdery mildew infection on <em>Plantago</em> host species in (1) "pandemic pivot" surveys in which undergraduate students recorded shade and infection status of thousands of plants along road verges in urban and suburban residential neighborhoods, (2) monthly surveys of plant populations in 22 parks along an urbanization gradient, and (3) a manipulative field experiment directly testing effects of shade on growth and transmission of powdery mildew. Together, our field survey results show strong positive effects of shade on mildew infection in wild <em>Plantago</em> populations across urban, suburban, and rural habitats. Our experiment suggests that this relationship is causal, where microclimate conditions associated with shade promote pathogen growth. Overall, infection prevalence increased with urbanization despite a negative association between urbanization and tree cover at the landscape scale. These findings highlight the importance of taking microclimate heterogeneity into account when establishing links between macroclimate or land use context and the prevalence of disease.</p>
Dataset supporting publication: "Data collected by coupling fix and wearable sensors for addressing urban microclimate variability in an historical Italian city"
<p>Dataset supporting publication: “Data collected by coupling fix and wearable sensors for addressing urban microclimate variability in an historical Italian city” (publication available for download: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/3901556">GEOFIT Zenodo</a>)</p> <p>Datasets resulting from monitoring activities of Sant'Apollinare systems and climatic parameters inside and outside the building (post-intervention monitoring).</p> <p>The article presents the data collected through an extensive research work conducted in a historic hilly town in central Italy during the period 2016-2017. Data concern two different datasets: long-term hygrothermal histories collected in two specific positions of the town object of the research, and three environmental transects collected following on foot the same designed path at three different time of the same day, i.e. during a heat wave event in summer. The short-term monitoring campaign is carried out by means of an innovative wearable weather station specifically developed by the authors and settled upon a bike helmet. Data provided within the short-term monitoring campaign are analysed by computing the apparent temperature, a direct indicator of human thermal comfort in the outdoors. All provided environmental data are geo-referenced. These data are used in order to examine the intra-urban microclimate variability. Outcomes from both long- and short-term monitoring campaigns allow to confirm the existing correlation between the urban forms and functionalities and the corresponding local microclimate conditions, also generated by anthropogenic actions. In detail, higher fractions of built surfaces are associated to generally higher temperatures as emerges by comparing the two long-term air temperature data series, i.e. temperature collected at point 1 is higher than temperature collated at point 2 for the 75% of the monitored period with an average of þ2.8 [1]C. Furthermore, gathered environmental transects demonstrate the high variability of the main environmental parameters below the Urban Canopy. Diversification of the urban thermal behaviour leads to a computed apparent temperature range in between 33.2 [1]C and 46.7 [1]C at 2 p.m. along the monitoring path. Reuse of these data may be helpful for further investigating interesting correlations among urban configuration, anthropogenic actions and microclimate variables affecting outdoor comfort. Additionally, the proposed dataset may be compared to other similar datasets collected in other urban contexts around the world. Finally, it can be compared to other monitoring methodologies such as weather stations and satellite measurements available in the location at the same time.</p>
Dataset used in the study "Urban microclimate simulations based on GIS data to mitigate thermal hot-spots: Tree design scenarios in an industrial area of Florence"
<p>This dataset repository includes input and output spatial data of urban microclimate simulations performed through QGIS and ENVI-met software used in the study "Urban microclimate simulations based on GIS data to mitigate thermal hot-spots: Tree design scenarios in an industrial area of Florence", published in the Building and Environment Journal, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110854">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110854</a>.</p>
Data from: Fine-scale variation in microclimate across an urban landscape shapes variation in mosquito population dynamics and the potential of Aedes albopictus to transmit arboviral disease
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Data from: Effects of microclimate on disease prevalence across an urbanization gradient
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Ecological Homogenization of Urban America: residential microclimates
Urban, suburban, and exurban ecosystems are important and increasing in the U.S. As the population of cities grows, so to do areas being converted to residential housing. An untested result of urban land use change is the homogenization across cities, where neighborhoods in very different parts of the country have similar patterns of roads, aquatic features, and, especially, residential yards. We hypothesized that this homogenization also involves ecological structure and functions relevant to ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics, with continental scale implications. Further, we suggested that understanding urban homogenization would provide the basis for understanding the impacts of urban land use change from local to continental scales. We collected social and ecological data ranging from household surveys to soil sampling across six metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) that cover the major climatic regions of the US (Phoenix, AZ; Miami, FL; Baltimore, MD; Boston, MA; St. Paul, MN; and Los Angeles, CA) to determine how household characteristics correlate with landscaping decisions, land management practices, and ecological structure and functions at local, regional, and continental scales. In this dataset, we specifically focus on the homogenization of residential yard microclimates, including air and soil temperature, and soil moisture.
In-situ relative humidity and air temperature urban microclimate data
<p>Monitoring and understanding the variability of heat within cities is important for urban planning and public health, and there has been a growth in the number of studies measuring intra-urban temperature variability. Recognizing that the physiological effects of heat depend on humidity as well as temperature, some of these measurement campaigns have included measurements of relative humidity alongside temperature. Reported analyses, however, have not reported whether spatial structure in humidity, independent from temperature, contributes significantly to intra-urban heat variability. Here we use summer temperature and humidity from networks of stationary sensors in multiple cities in the USA to examine this issue. It is shown that although there are spatial variations in relative humidity there are only very weak spatial variations in the absolute humidity within these cities. This variability in absolute humidity plays an insignificant role in the spatial variability of the heat index and humidex, and the spatial variability of the heat metrics is dominated by temperature variability. A practical consequence of this is that a network of sensors that only measure temperature is sufficient to quantify the spatial variability of heat across these cities when combined with humidity measured at a single location, allowing for lower-cost heat monitoring networks.</p>
In-situ relative humidity and air temperature urban microclimate data
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Parameterization of grass grid pavers for urban microclimate modelling to simulate the heat mitigation potential of unsealing measures in cities
<p><strong>README: </strong></p> <p>The exact version (V 5.1.2 Compatibility Release) of the ENVI-met model used for this paper, the parameterizations and the input data to run the ENVI-met model and to reproduce the model outputs of all the performed scenario simulations shown in this paper, as well as all the scripts for post-processing of the model output data needed to derive the presented results of this manuscript are provided in this permanent archive. The supplementary material (data and code) includes the following files: </p> <p>Appendix_1: ENVI-met model code of the version used to reproduce the outputs of this paper (V 5.1.2 Compatibility Release): <br> Appendix_1.exe: ENVImet model Version 5.1.2 setup </p> <p>Appendix_2: Model input data: for GGP scenarios including the model database parameterizations: <br> Appendix_2.1.zip: Input data for extreme scenario <br> Appendix_2.2.zip: Input data for realistic scenario <br>Eeach zip file contains: model driver file for LBCs, project file, project database, model domain file, and simulation task file. </p> <p>Appendix_3: Python scripts for postprocessing and extraction of model output data: <br> Appendix_3.1.enpy: Python script for exporting surface data <br> Appendix_3.2.enpy: Python script for exporting atmosphere data and soil data</p> <p>Appendix_4: R script for data analyses of model results: <br> Appendix_4.rmd: R script for data analyses of extracted simulation results and plotting </p> <p> </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.