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Dataset results
16 results for “urban warming”
Data from: Wild bee abundance declines with urban warming, regardless of floral density
<p>As cities expand, conservation of beneficial insects is essential to maintaining robust urban ecosystem services such as pollination. Urban warming alters insect physiology, fitness, and abundance, but the effect of urban warming on pollinator communities has not been investigated. We sampled bees at 18 sites encompassing an urban warming mosaic within Raleigh, NC, USA. We quantified habitat variables at all sites by measuring air temperature, percent impervious surface (on local and landscape scales), floral density, and floral diversity. We tested the hypothesis that urban bee community structure depends on temperature. We also conducted model selection to determine whether temperature was among the most important predictors of urban bee community structure. Finally, we asked whether bee responses to temperature or impervious surface depended on bee functional traits. Bee abundance declined by about 41% per °C urban warming, and temperature was among the best predictors of bee abundance and community composition. Local impervious surface and floral density were also important predictors of bee abundance, although only large bees appeared to benefit from high floral density. Bee species richness increased with floral density regardless of bee size, and bee responses to urban habitat variables were independent of other life-history traits. Although we document benefits of high floral density, simply adding flowers to otherwise hot, impervious sites is unlikely to restore the entire urban pollinator community since floral resources benefit large bees more than small bees.</p>
Urban warming signal across scales
<p>Data for urban signal on land surface temperature (LST) and air temperature (AT) at country, climate zone, and select regional scales from different sources.</p> <p>The data are divided into the following directories:</p> <ul> <li>LST: LST data with and without urban pixels at country scale from different LST dproducts and based on different land cover data by year.</li> <li>AT: AT data with and without urban pixels at country scale based on the default ESA CCI land cover product by year.</li> <li>LU: Urban area by country based on different products by country and year.</li> <li>MISC: Other variables calculated with and without urban pixels at country scale based on the default ESA CCI land cover product by year.</li> <li>FUT: Future projections of urban area by country, year, and SSP.</li> <li>REG: LST data with and without urban pixels for select regions from different LST dproducts and based on different land cover data by year.</li> <li>CLIM: LST data with and without urban pixels and urban area for climate zones based on the default ESA CCI land cover product and MODIS LST by year.</li> <li>PREIND: Pre-industrial estimates of urban area by country based on the latest HYDE dataset.</li> </ul> <p>In all cases, data for the European and Asian portions of Russia are separately calculated and adjusted to get continental-scale estimates.</p>
Replication materials for "Regional Warming from Urbanization is Disproportionate to Urban Expansion Rate"
<p>The datasets are replication materials for the research "Regional Warming from Urbanization is Disproportionate to Urban Expansion Rate". They show simulated global near-surface air temperature (TSA), specific humidity (Q2M), sensible heat flux (FSH), and latent heat flux (LHFLX) during the warm season over 50 years for four experiments: URB1985, URB2018, URB2018_0, and URB2018_×2. </p>
Comparing the Influence of Global Warming and Urban Anthropogenic Heat on Extreme Precipitation in Urbanized Pearl River Delta Area Based on WRF Dynamical Downscaling
<p>The simulation outputs from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) v3.8.1 coupled with single layer urban canopy model from three experiments (HIST_AH300, HIST_AH0, and RCP85_AH300).</p> <p>Variables include hourly precipitation, wind, specific humidity, relative humidity, convective available potential energy, convective inhibition, temperature, model height, land use land cover, and topography.</p> <p> </p>
Can behavior and physiology mitigate effects of warming on ectotherms? A test in urban ants
<p>1. Global climate change is expected to have pervasive effects on the diversity and distribution of species, particularly ectotherms whose body temperatures depend on environmental temperatures. However, these impacts remain difficult to predict, in part because ectotherms may adapt or acclimate to novel conditions or may use behavioral thermoregulation to reduce their exposure to stressful microclimates.</p> <p>2. Here we examine the potential for physiological and behavioral changes to mitigate effects of environmental warming on five species of ants in a temperate forest habitat subject to urban warming.</p> <p>3. We worked in eight urban and eight non-urban forest sites in North Carolina, USA; sites experienced a 1.1°C range of mean summer air temperatures. At each site, we documented species-specific microclimates (ant operative temperatures, T<sub>e</sub>) and ant activity on a transect of 14 bait stations at three times of day. In the laboratory, we measured upper thermal tolerance (CT<sub>max</sub>) and thermal preference (T<sub>pref</sub>) for each focal species. We then asked whether thermal traits shifted at hotter sites, and whether ants avoided non-preferred microclimates in the field.</p> <p>4. CTmax and T<sub>pref</sub> did not increase at warmer sites, indicating that these populations did not adapt or acclimate to urban warming. Consistent with behavioral thermoregulation, four of the five species were less likely to occupy baits where T<sub>e</sub> departed from T<sub>pref</sub>. Apparent thermoregulation resulted from fixed diel activity patterns that helped ants avoid the most inappropriate temperatures but did not compensate for daily or spatial temperature variation: Hotter sites had hotter ants.</p> <p>5. This study uses a novel approach to detect behavioral thermoregulation and sublethal warming in foraging insects. The results suggest that adaptation and behavior may not protect common temperate forest ants from a warming climate, and highlight the need to evaluate effects of chronic, sublethal warming on small ectotherms.</p>
Can behavior and physiology mitigate effects of warming on ectotherms? A test in urban ants
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Increasing rat numbers in cities are linked to climate warming, urbanization and human population
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Data from: Wild bee abundance declines with urban warming, regardless of floral density
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Data from: Water availability drives urban tree growth responses to herbivory and warming
1. Urban forests provide important ecosystem services to city residents, including pollution removal and carbon storage. Climate change and urbanization pose multiple threats to these services. However, how these threats combine to affect urban trees, and thus how to mitigate their effects, remains largely untested because multi-factorial experiments on mature trees are impractical. 2. We used a unique urban warming experiment paired with a laboratory chamber experiment to determine how three of the most potentially damaging factors associated with global change for urban and rural trees—warming, drought, and insect herbivory—affect growth of Quercus phellos (willow oak), the most commonly-planted large shade tree in the southeastern US, which is known for its resilience to these potential stressors. 3. In a previous study, we found that the urban heat island effect was associated with reduced growth of Q. phellos and higher abundance of Parthenolecanium scale insects, key pests of oaks in cities. Here, we tested the hypothesis that tree water stress is the mechanism for these effects of warming. We found evidence that water stress is a major, interactive factor reducing urban tree growth, but found no evidence that water stress is associated with Parthenolecanium survival or abundance. Warming and Parthenolecanium only reduced growth in Q. phellos saplings that were simultaneously water stressed. 4. Synthesis and applications. Across many temperate cities worldwide, urban trees grow less than rural trees. Our results point to water stress as the most likely driver for this pattern. Importantly, we found that water stress both reduces tree growth on its own and exacerbates effects of warming and insect pests on tree growth. Therefore, management strategies targeted at increasing tree hydration in cities may reduce effects of these three key stressors that are expected to intensify with further urbanization and climate change.
Potential impacts of future warming and land use changes on intra-urban heat exposure in Houston Texas
<p>Extreme heat events in the United States are projected to become more frequent and intense as a result of climate change. We investigated the individual and combined effects of land use and warming on the spatial and temporal distribution of daily minimum temperature (T<sub>min</sub>) and daily maximum heat index (HI<sub>max</sub>) during summer in Houston, Texas. Present-day (2010) and near-future (2040) parcel-level land use scenarios were embedded within 1-km resolution land surface model (LSM) simulations. For each land use scenario, LSM simulations were conducted for climatic scenarios representative of both the present-day and near-future periods. LSM simulations assuming present-day climate but 2040 land use patterns led to spatially heterogeneous temperature changes characterized by warmer conditions over most areas, with summer average increases of up to 1.5°C (T<sub>min</sub>) and 7.3°C (HI<sub>max</sub>) in some newly developed suburban areas compared to simulations using 2010 land use patterns. LSM simulations assuming present-day land use but a 1°C temperature increase above the urban canopy (consistent with warming projections for 2040) yielded more spatially homogeneous metropolitan-wide average increases of about 1°C (T<sub>min</sub>) and 2.5°C (HI<sub>max</sub>), respectively. LSM simulations assuming both land use and warming for 2040 led to summer average increases of up to 2.5°C (T<sub>min</sub>) and 8.3°C (HI<sub>max</sub>), with the largest increases in areas projected to be converted to residential, industrial and mixed-use types. Our results suggest that urbanization and climate change may significantly increase the average number of summer days that exceed current threshold temperatures for initiating a heat advisory for metropolitan Houston, potentially increasing population exposure to extreme heat.</p>
Dataset on Scenarios for Urban Emissions and LUE with Increments of Global Warming
<p>This dataset supports the original research article on “<strong>Framework for comparing urban emissions and land use efficiency scenarios to avoid increments of global warming</strong>” (Kılkış, forthcoming). <br><br>A total of 28 datasheets are involved in this dataset that is organised into four main domains as follows: </p> <ol> <li>The first domain with 3 datasheets contains urban emissions data for three urban emissions scenarios (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, and SSP1-RE) on an annual basis. The data is summed to obtain cumulative urban emissions between 2020 and 2050 per urban area for 465 urban areas.</li> <li>The second domain with 9 datasheets provides the quantification of the original parameter on contributions to increments of global warming based on cumulative urban emissions data for three urban emissions scenarios (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, and SSP1-RE) between 2020 and 2050. The best estimate of the transient climate response to cumulative carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions (TCRE) and its 5-95th percentile range are considered within the quantifications of this analysis.</li> <li>The third domain with 4 datasheets has the annual CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration penalties of four land use efficiency scenarios (LUE 5%, LUE 15%, LUE Av, and LUE Best). Data is summed for cumulative CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration penalties between 2020 and 2050 per urban area for 135 urban areas.</li> <li>The fourth domain with 12 datasheets contains the quantification of the original parameter on contributions to increments of global warming based on CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration penalties for four land use efficiency scenarios (LUE 5%, LUE 15%, LUE Av, and LUE Best) between 2020 and 2050. The analysis is based on the best estimate of TCRE as well as its 5-95th percentile range.</li> </ol> <p>The data structure is described in the information sheet and the 28 datasheets contain 292,100 cells in total. The method and results that utilise the data are described in the original article submitted to <em>Energy</em>. The dataset of this research article should be cited as: Kılkış (2023), Dataset on Scenarios for Urban Emissions and LUE with Increments of Global Warming (v1.0.0). Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10407848">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10407848</a></p>
kongdd/ChinaHW_data: Data of "Contributions of anthropogenic warming and urbanization to intensification of heatwaves over China"
<p>No description provided.</p>
Data from: Water availability drives urban tree growth responses to herbivory and warming
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Data from: Urban warming reduces aboveground carbon storage
A substantial amount of global carbon is stored in mature trees. However, no experiments to date test how warming affects mature tree carbon storage. Using a unique, citywide, factorial experiment, we investigated how warming and insect herbivory affected physiological function and carbon sequestration (carbon stored per year) of mature trees. Urban warming increased herbivorous arthropod abundance on trees, but these herbivores had negligible effects on tree carbon sequestration. Instead, urban warming was associated with an estimated 12% loss of carbon sequestration, in part because photosynthesis was reduced at hotter sites. Ecosystem service assessments that do not consider urban conditions may overestimate urban tree carbon storage. Because urban and global warming are becoming more intense, our results suggest that urban trees will sequester even less carbon in the future.
Urban environments provide new perspectives for forecasting vegetation phenology responses under climate warming
<p>The temperature sensitivity of 343 cities in China</p>
Data from: Urban warming reduces aboveground carbon storage
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.