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63 results for “urbanisation”
Weak effect of urbanisation on bdelloid rotifers living in lichens
<p>Human activities have an overwhelming impact on the natural environment, leading to a deep biodiversity crisis whose effects range from genes to ecosystems. We here analysed the effect of such anthropogenic impacts on bdelloid rotifers (Rotifera: Bdelloidea), for whom these effects are poorly understood. We targeted bdelloid rotifers living in lichen patches across urbanisation gradients in Flanders and Brussels (Belgium). Urbanisation was measured as the percentage of built-up area across different spatial scales, at circles from 50 m to 3,200 m of radius around the lichen. Urbanisation effects on biodiversity were assessed on abundance, species richness, and community-weighted mean body size of bdelloid rotifers, as well as on genetic diversity of one of the most common and widespread bdelloid species, <em>Adineta</em> <em>vaga</em>. Overall, no negative effect of urbanisation was found at any diversity level and at any spatial scale. Counterintuitively, built-up area quantified at the largest spatial scale had a positive effect on abundance. These results leave open the question of whether negative effects of urbanisation are present for bdelloid rotifers, or if such effects are only visible at even larger spatial scales.</p>
Fig. 3 in Role of urban forests as a source of diversity of carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in urbanised areas
Fig. 3. DCA ordination diagram of ecological groups of Carabidae (Eu – eurytopic species, Fo – forest-related sp., OA – open-area-related sp., Pb – peatbog-related sp., H – hygrophilic sp., Mh – mesohygrophilic sp., M – mesophilic sp., Mxe – mesoxerophilic sp., Xe – xerophilic sp., Ph – phytophages, Hz – hemizoophages, Lz – large zoophages, Mz – medium zoophages, Sz – small zoophages, Au – autumn breeders, Sp – spring breeders, ab – abundance, r – richness, "- trap in the site A, %- trap in the site B, %- trap in the site C).
Fig. 2 in Role of urban forests as a source of diversity of carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in urbanised areas
Fig. 2. RDA ordination diagram of the relationship between species dominance of Carabidae and environmental variables (presence of deciduous and coniferous trees, soil cover, anthropopressure, humidity)
Mitigation of urbanisation effects on aquatic ecosystems by synchronous ecological restoration
<p>Ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss have been caused by economic booms in developing countries over recent decades. In response, ecosystem restoration projects have been advanced in some countries but the effectiveness of different approaches and indicators at large spatio-temporal scales (i.e., whole catchments) remains poorly understood. Our datasets with a diverse array of 440 aquatic restoration projects including wastewater treatment, constructed wetlands, plant/algae salvage, and dredging of contaminated sediments implemented and maintained from 2007 to 2017 across more than 2000km2 of the northwest Taihu basin (Yixing, China). Synchronized investigations of water quality and invertebrate communities were conducted before and after restoration. Our datasets showed that even though there was rapid urbanization at this time, nutrient concentrations (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, TN, TP) and biological indices of benthic invertebrates (taxonomic richness, Shannon diversity, sensitive taxon density) improved significantly across most of the study area. Improvements were associated with the type of restoration project, with projects targeting pollution sources leading to the clearest ecosystem responses compared with those remediating pollution sinks. However, in some locations, the recovery of biotic communities appears to lag behind nutrients (e.g. nitrogen and phosphorus), likely reflecting long-distance re-colonization routes for invertebrates given the level of pre-restoration degradation of the catchment.</p>
Datasets supporting the paper 'Enhancing disaster risk resilience using greenspace in urbanising Quito, Ecuador'
<p>Datasets supporting the paper 'Enhancing disaster risk resilience using greenspace in urbanising Quito, Ecuador'</p> <p>Contact: C. Scott Watson. c.s.watson@leeds.ac.uk</p> <p>DRR_greenspace<br> DRR_greenspace_polygon.shp - classified potential DRR greenspace (minimum 100 m2)<br> DRR_greenspace_zone_points.shp - classified potential DRR greenspace aggregated to zones<br> DRR_greenspace_zone_polygons_top10.shp - Top 10 maximum capacitated analysis of classified potential DRR greenspace aggregated to zones.<br> <br> Land_cover<br> rf_1986_mode_clipped.tif - 1986 land cover classification<br> rf_2020_mode_clipped.tif - 2020 land cover classification<br> landcover_classes.PNG - land cover classes<br> accuracy_assessment_points_1986 - 1986 land cover accuracy assessment points<br> accuracy_assessment_points_2020 - 2020 land cover accuracy assessment points<br> modified_urban_growth_scenario.shp - hazard-modified urban growth scenario</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 1 in Investigating the role of urbanisation, wetlands and climatic conditions in nematode parasitism in a large Australian elapid snake
Fig. 1. The abundance of nematode infection for each tiger snake specimen in South-West Western Australia. Arrows indicate major cities used as urban centres. Colour indicates the number of worms (intensity) found in the stomach of each specimen. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in Investigating the role of urbanisation, wetlands and climatic conditions in nematode parasitism in a large Australian elapid snake
Fig. 3. Probability of tiger snake stomach nematode infection in relation to a) distance to wetlands, b) mean annual precipitation and c) topographic wetness index (TWI). Shaded areas represents 95% confidence intervals.
Dataset for Nature Geoscience: Acceleration of a large deep-seated tropical landslide due to urbanisation feedbacks
<p>This archive file contains datafiles used in the manuscript: 'Acceleration of a large deep-seated tropical landslide due to urbanisation feedbacks' [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01073-3]. It contains historical aerial orthomosaics, UAS DSM and orthomosaics, shapefiles, deformation maps, etc. for Funu landslide.</p>
The effect of urbanisation and local environmental heterogeneity on phenotypic variability of a tropical treefrog
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Mitigation of urbanisation effects on aquatic ecosystems by synchronous ecological restoration
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Weak effect of urbanisation on bdelloid rotifers living in lichens
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Data from: Urbanisation and agricultural intensification modulate plant-pollinator network structure and robustness
<p>Land use change is a major pressure on pollinator abundance, diversity, and plant-pollinator interactions. Far less is known about how land use alters the structure of plant-pollinator networks and their robustness to plant-pollinator coextinctions.</p> <p>We analyzed the structure of plant-pollinator networks sampled in 12 landscapes along an urbanisation and agricultural intensity gradient, from early spring to late summer 2021, and used a stochastic coextinction model to correlate plant-pollinator coextinction risk with network structure (species and network-level metrics) and landscape context.</p> <p>Networks in intensively managed (i.e. agricultural and urban) landscapes had a lower risk of initiating a coextinction cascade, while networks in less-intensively managed landscapes may be less robust. Network structure modulated the frequency and severity of coextinctions and species loss, while the strength of species interactions increased robustness.</p> <p>Urban networks were more species-rich and symmetrical due to the high diversity of ornamental plants, while intensively managed agricultural landscapes had smaller, more tightly connected, and nested networks.</p> <p>Network structure modulated the frequency of extinctions, which was decreased by greater linkage density, interaction asymmetry, and interaction dependence in the networks, while once an extinction occurred, nestedness and linkage density propagated the degree of the coextinction cascade and species loss. At the species level, species strength was inversely correlated with extinction risk, implying that generalist species with a high number of interactions with specialists had the lowest extinction risk.</p>
Data from: Fish responses to manipulated microhabitat complexity in urbanised shorelines
<p>The diversity-habitat complexity relationship has been utilised widely in conservation and biodiversity enhancement interventions, but few studies have attempted to tease apart the components of complexity that drive this relationship. The ecological engineering of seawalls is one area where this topic has advanced, albeit not at scales relevant to fish. We constructed habitat enhancement units (Simple, Complex, and Freestyle 'fish houses') out of hollow concrete blocks and installed them at the base of tropical rip-rap seawalls. Both the Simple and Complex fish houses were cuboid, had the same surface area and volume, and included 100 holes (microhabitats). The holes in Simple fish houses were all the same size, whereas 25 size variations were used in the Complex design (volume-independent manipulation of a single complexity element). The Freestyle fish house was non-cuboid and had more overall volume, microhabitat types and sizes. We examined the volume-independent (Simple vs Complex fish houses) and volume-dependent (Freestyle fish house) effects of microhabitat complexity on fish taxonomic and functional assemblage metrics at two spatial scales and across diel cycles We also investigated diurnal and nocturnal fish-microhabitat size relationships. There was a modest, but not significant, volume-independent effect of complexity on fish assemblages. The Freestyle design supported significantly greater abundance, species richness and distinct taxonomic and functional compositions. These results were dependent on spatial scales and diel cycles. Diel variation in fish activity patterns resulted in stronger size-matching relationships between fish and microhabitat at night than day. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that, to enhance fish diversity, it is important to provide three-dimensional habitat architecture that incorporates a wide range of microhabitat sizes and types. Our findings also highlight some key considerations when assessing the performance of intervention designs, including spatial-scale dependent effects of structural complexity, diel variation in fish-microhabitat relationships, and choice of intervention assessment metric (i.e. taxonomic vs functional diversity).</p>
Data for functional diversity and habitat preferences of native grassland plants and ground-dwelling invertebrates in private gardens along an urbanisation gradient
<p>Urbanisation influences biodiversity and ecosystem functions. However, private domestic gardens provide habitats for many species. Challenging conditions in urban gardens may support species possessing certain traits, but exclude other species. Functional diversity is therefore often altered in urban gardens. We surveyed native grassland plants and ground-dwelling invertebrates (snails, slugs, spiders, millipedes, woodlice, ants, rove beetles), and compiled data on urbanisation (distance to city centre, percentage of sealed area) and garden characteristics. We furthermore derived data on traits and habitat preferences for the species recorded in the gardens from the literature and own measurements. The survey comprised 35 domestic gardens along a rural-urban gradient in the city of Basel, Switzerland and its surroundings.</p>
The effects of urbanisation on pollinators and pollination: A meta-analysis
<p><span>Urbanisation is increasing worldwide, with major impacts on biodiversity, species interactions and ecosystem functioning. Pollination is an ecosystem function vital for terrestrial ecosystems and food security; </span><span>however, the </span><span>processes</span><span> underlying the patterns of pollinator diversity and the ecosystem services they provide in cities have seldom been quantified. </span><span>Here, we perform a comprehensive meta-analysis of 133 studies examining urbanisation effects on pollinator diversity and pollination. Our results confirm the widespread negative impacts of urbanisation on pollinator richness and abundance, with Lepidoptera being the most affected group. Furthermore, pollinator responses were found to be trait-specific, with below-ground nesting and solitary Hymenoptera and spring flyers more severely affected by urbanisation. Meanwhile, cities promote non-native pollinators, which may exacerbate conservation risks to native species. Surprisingly, despite the negative effects of urbanisation on pollinator diversity, pollination service measured as seed set is enhanced in non-tropical cities likely due to abundant generalists and managed pollinators therein. We emphasize that the richness of local flowering plants could mitigate the negative impacts of urbanisation on pollinator diversity. Overall, the results demonstrate the varying magnitudes of multiple moderators on urban pollinators and pollination service provision and could help guide conservation actions for biodiversity and ecosystem function for a sustainable future.</span></p>
Datasets: Urbanisation generates multiple trait syndromes for terrestrial animal taxa worldwide
<p>This repository contains the datasets used in the main article:</p> <ul> <li>There is one Excel file per taxonomic group (amphibians, bats, bees, birds, ground beetles, and reptiles).</li> <li>Each file consists of three Excel spreadsheets: "Species" = matrix of species by sites; "Sites" = ID and coordinates of sites + urban and forest land cover variables; "Traits" = matrix of species by traits.</li> <li>Each spreadsheet contains the raw data used for the analyses in the article. For more information on how to handle the data, see the "Method" section.</li> </ul>
Urbanisation is related to the prevalence of threatened species on islands across the globe
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Data from: Rapid colonisation of synanthropic stone martens in a highly urbanised region: Insights from temporal and spatial analysis
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Data from: Fish responses to manipulated microhabitat complexity in urbanised shorelines
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The effects of urbanisation on pollinators and pollination: A meta-analysis
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.