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Spartina alterniflora marsh vegetation data along the Georgia coast used in the Belowground Ecosystem Resiliency Model version 2.0
Study plots (1-m2) were established in eight Spartina alterniflora-dominated marshes (7 on Sapelo Island, Georgia, and 1 on Skidaway Island, Georgia). At three sites, plots were sampled once each during May, July, August, September, and October of 2016. At all sites, plots were sampled once each during June, August, and November of 2021, February, May, August, and November of 2022, and February of 2023. One long-term (quarterly 2013 to 2023) GCE LTER sampling site is also included. Nine replicate plots were placed in vegetated marsh along transects that spanned 3 Landsat-8 and -9 pixel footprints, with 3 plots per pixel footprint. In each plot, measurements included plant biomass, plant species, stem density, and height. Aboveground biomass was calculated using allometric relationships between plant height and mass from plant clipping studies. During these surveys, destructive core sampling was also performed in the proximity of the plots (n = 1 per plot) to measure above and below ground biomass. Chlorophyll, foliar N, and Leaf Area Index measurements were taken in the proximity of the plots. This dataset reflects an update to the "PLT-GCED-2106" dataset (doi: 10.6073/pasta/03f4f78c6498aecca34faf4339591129). This project also utilized data from the "PLT-GCEM-1610" dataset doi: 10.6073/pasta/9746c71b35e9f8c544ea12c601c33949). Those data utilized in this project are duplicated here for completeness.
Annual precipitation and photo-derived vegetation and litter cover (2013-2021) used for analysis in the manuscript “Growing grasses in the desert: Multi-scale Interactions and State Change Reversal in Drylands”
This dataset contains water year precipitation collected from meteorological stations, litter and vegetation cover values derived from overhead photos, and litter and soil accumulation in lateral photos in a long-term experiment (2013-2021) of cross-scale interactions (CSIs) at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, U.S.A. Manipulations were initiated in 2013 at 15 experimental blocks, each with 4 treatment plots: plant-scale herbicide of mesquite shrubs, patch-scale connectivity modifiers (ConMods), herbicide + ConMods, control without manipulations. Litter, soil, and vegetation cover were estimated using repeat overhead photographs of microplots within treatment and control plots. Litter and soil accumulation were estimated from lateral photos of ConMods. This dataset utilized QuickBird imagery from 2011 to assess ground cover classes within the Jornada Basin, focusing on bare ground, herbaceous, and shrub cover. Daily precipitation data collected from 13 meteorological stations were used to calculate water year (1 October-30 September) precipitation from 2013 through 2021. This dataset provides supporting data for the manuscript "Growing grasses in the desert: Multi-scale Interactions and State Change Reversal in Drylands" by Peters et al.
Pelagic, epilimnetic production estimates in Sparkling, Trout (Wisconsin), Acton (Ohio), and Castle (California) Lakes (USA) calculated using 14C and free-water O2 metabolism methods, 2007 - 2017
Concurrent daily estimates of pelagic, eplilimnetic production (mmol C m3 d) generated from 14C incubations and diel changes in high frequency dissolved oxygen data (free-water). Original data derived from the North Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research program (Sparkling [2007-2013], Trout [2007-2012] Lakes), Castle Lake Research Station (Castle Lake [2014-2017]), and Center for Aquatic and Watershed Sciences (Acton Lake [2010-2014]). 14C production estimates were generated as part of each research programs core data collection. Free-water production estimates generated using high frequency sensor data provided by research programs and Phillips (2020) time-varying, Bayesian metabolism model.
Monitoring juvenile Chinook salmon outmigration using rotary screw traps on Butte Creek
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) conducts juvenile salmonid emigration monitoring on Butte Creek at the Parrot-Phelan Diversion Dam near Chico, California. Monitoring is conducted annually from October through June utilizing an 8-ft diameter rotary screw trap (RST) and a diversion screen trap (DST). Data from this monitoring is used to estimate juvenile spring-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) abundance and passage, identify alevin emergence timing, document juvenile size at emigration, and document rearing and emigration patterns. This data will also be used to inform the development of a juvenile production estimate (JPE) for spring-run Chinook salmon in the Sacramento River Watershed as required by Condition of Approval 7.5.2 of Incidental Take Permit No. 2081-2019-006-00 (ITP) issued by CDFW to California Department of Water Resources (DWR) for the long-term operation of the State Water Project. Salmonid data collected from the Butte Creek RST, among other datasets, is also used by the Salmon Monitoring Team (SaMT) to understand the movement of juvenile salmon in the Sacramento River Watershed to estimate the number of winter-run and spring-run Chinook salmon that have entered the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta). SaMT is a real-time operations monitoring team required by Condition of Approval 8.1.2 of the ITP which meets weekly from October through June, to provide advice for real-time management of SWP operations to DWR, CDFW, and the Water Operation Management Team (WOMT) to minimize take of winter-run and spring-run Chinook salmon in the Delta. Note: data within the current year’s monitoring season are considered provisional.
Monitoring juvenile Chinook salmon outmigration using rotary screw traps on the Sacramento River near Tisdale Weir
The Tisdale RST sampling site is operated by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) to obtain information on the temporal distribution, relative abundance, and composition of race and species of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (O. mykiss) emigrating from the upper Sacramento River and tributaries to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta). The project collects data near the Tisdale Weir on the Sacramento River, using two paired rotary screw traps (RSTs) outfitted with two 8-ft diameter cones. The RST monitoring site at Tisdale Weir was established meet a requirement of the 2011 amendment to the reasonable and prudent alternative (RPA) of the 2009 biological and conference opinion (BO) on the long-term operations of the Central Valley Project (CVP) and State Water Project (SWP). The amendment required the Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to fund a new juvenile salmonid monitoring site on the Sacramento River between Red Bluff Diversion Dam (RBDD) and Knights Landing. The purpose of the new site was to provide early warning of fish movement and determine survival of listed fish species leaving spawning habitat in the upper Sacramento River. CDFW issued ITP 2081-2019-066-00 to DWR on March 31, 2020, for the long-term operation of the SWP in the Delta. Condition 7.5.2 of the ITP requires the development and establishment of a spring-run Chinook salmon juvenile production estimate (JPE) to increase understanding regarding the impacts water operations have on the spring-run Chinook salmon population in the Sacramento River watershed and inform the development of minimization measures to reduce take of spring-run Chinook salmon at Delta fish salvage facilities. Data from the Tisdale RST will be used along with other datasets from juvenile salmonid monitoring programs in the Sacramento River Watershed to inform the development of JPE modeling approaches. Salmonid data c
Monitoring juvenile Chinook salmon outmigration using rotary screw traps on the Lower Feather River
CDFW issued Incidental Take Permit No. 2081-2019-006-00 (ITP) to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) on March 31, 2020, for the long-term operation of the State Water Project (SWP) in the Sacramento San Joaquin Delta (Delta). Condition 7.5.2 of the ITP requires the development and establishment of a spring-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) juvenile production estimate (JPE) to increase understanding of the impacts that water operations have on the spring-run Chinook salmon population in the Sacramento River watershed and to inform the development of minimization measures to reduce take of spring-run Chinook salmon at Delta fish salvage facilities. As a part of the JPE effort, CDFW began operating a new rotary screw trap (RST) monitoring station on the lower Feather River near River Mile 17, approximately 1 mile downstream of Star Bend Park and Boat Ramp near Olivehurst, in January 2022. This RST location represents the lowest point in the Feather River Watershed where juvenile salmon are sampled with an RST prior to entering the Sacramento River and includes salmon emigrating from the Yuba River. The expanded juvenile monitoring effort will help resource agencies and water managers identify numbers of salmon emigrating from the Feather River Watershed and contributing to the spring-run Chinook salmon population entering the Delta. Monitoring is conducted annually from October through June utilizing a pair of eight-foot rotary screw traps (RST). Data collected at the Lower Feather River RST site provides information on the temporal distribution, relative abundance, and race composition of juvenile Chinook salmon; and temporal distribution and relative abundance of steelhead trout (O. mykiss) emigrating from the Feather River and tributaries, including the Yuba River, to the Delta. Salmonid data collected from the Lower Feather River RST, among other datasets, is also used by the Salmon Monitoring Team (SaMT) to understand the movement of ju
Distribution and habitat use of juvenile steelhead and other fishes of the lower Feather River
Understanding how fish presence is related to habitat features is useful in restoration planning and monitoring as better information about how fish use habitat may lead to more impactful restoration projects. The California Department of Water Resources (DWR), conducted a two-year study of microhabitat and mesohabitat in Feather River. The goal of this study was to identify relationships between habitat conditions (depth, substrate, velocity, and cover) and where juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead occur. Snorkel surveys were conducted monthly March through August in 2001 and 2002 across 29 different sites, which were selected at random (13 in Low Flow Channel, and 16 in High Flow Channel). Each sampling section covered an area 25 meters long by 4 meters wide, running parallel to riverbank. These data were published to support the Healthy Rivers and Landscapes Science Program.
The dynamics of marsh-channel slump blocks: an observational study using repeated drone imagery
We analyzed the spatial and temporal dynamics of slump blocks within Dean Creek, a creek located on Sapelo Island (GA) and surrounded by salt marsh. To accomplish this, we utilized 11 images of Dean Creek captured between March 2020 and March 2021, which were acquired by using a DJI Matrice 210 UAV. For each image, we manually digitized the perimeters of slump blocks, which have the distance from intact marsh boundary exceeding 0.3 m. These digitized perimeters were subsequently converted into polygons to determine the size, number and cumulative area of slump blocks in each image. Temporal changes to the slump blocks between subsequent images were also analysed. The coordinate system of these polygon data is WGS 1984 UTM Zone 17N.
Litterfall, Biomass and Productivity in CRUI Land Use Project at Harvard Forest 1996-1997
Prior agricultural land use often plays an important role in the present condition of forests. This research was conducted to find any productivity differences among previously plowed, pastured, and woodlot sites. There are six sites, two from each of the land use types. With this research we wanted to estimate the productivity for each of the six stands and test the hypothesis that rates of annual aboveground biomass and annual litter fall in recovering forests would decline in the order woodlot - pastured - plowed. Twenty-five trees, of various diameters and species, were cored at each site. The cores were analyzed and the radial growth was calculated for the most recent 5 and 10 year intervals. Biomass increments were also calculated for the same time span using published allometric equations. Aboveground woody productivity was calculated for diameter classes within species and semi-log relationships of productivity per diameter were used to calculate the productivity of all trees in the stand that were not cored. Site-specific and species-specific equations were used. Litter fall was estimated by collecting litter from ten traps each in the six stands. Litter was sorted by species and reported on a dry matter basis. Red oaks and red maples were the major contributors of biomass and litter fall in all six of the stands, accounting for about seventy percent of the total aboveground biomass. Although woodlots had higher total biomass there was not a significant difference in productivity across the six sites. The range of productivity including both litter fall and aboveground woody production was from 7524-9014 Kg/ha. This fell into the range for temperate forests according to results published by the International Biological Program. Production per unit biomass was greater in the plowed stand and least in the woodlots.
Tree Canopy Leaf Area Index in CRUI Land Use Project at Harvard Forest 1997
Numerous variables related to land use disturbance and recovery processes can influence forest composition and structure. We’ve measured differences in forest communities in six sites that were formerly plowed, pastured, or continuously forested woodlots in Prospect Hill. None of the sites had noticeable canopy gap disturbance at the time of the measurements. Leaf area index (LAI) was measured with an LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer (Li-Cor, Inc., Lincoln, NE) at all 77 edge and interior intersection points in the 30 m x 50 m permanent plot (7 columns x 11 rows) in 5 of our 6 land use sites. Under-canopy measurements were made in each site over 25-30 minutes during midday hours (11:00-2:30 EST) on overcast days near solstice (June 13, 18). The under-canopy readings were contrasted with an open-sky measurement taken in an open field near the Harvard Forest headquarters just before beginning data collection in each site. LAI averaged 3.98 and ranged from 2.28 to 5.93 across all sites. W1 had the highest site-level mean (4.62) and maximum (5.93) LAI while S2 had the lowest values (mean = 3.41, max = 4.55). The woodlot also showed the greatest spatial variation as measured by C.V., while plow #1 showed the least variation.
Canopy Sky Factors in CRUI Land Use Project at Harvard Forest 1998
Hemispherical photos were taken at 35 interior grid corners in each land use site’s 30 m x 50 m permanent plot on uniformly overcast days during summer 1998. A Canon A-1 35 mm camera with a 7.5 mm lens was mounted on a tripod, positioned so the film plane was 0.5 m above ground, oriented N-S with a compass, and leveled. Ektachrome 100 slide film was used. Two exposures were made for each location. The slides were processed and digitized in jpeg format by Kodak, Inc. at a resolution of 1536 x 1024 dpi. The jpeg images were screened for nearground obstructions. Fifteen of the 35 photo locations per site were used in subsequent analysis. Hemiview software (v. 2.0, Delta-T Devices Ltd., Cambridge, UK) was used to process the images and calculate indirect, direct, and global (= indirect + direct) sky factors for each sample location, plus the proportion of global sky factor represented by direct beam radiation. Several images spanning a wide range of canopy density were used to develop protocols for setting optimal thresholds in converting from color to black and white images. Each B/W image was then analyzed at three threshold levels, the optimum level plus 5 threshold units (~ 2.5%) above and below the optimum. The results were averaged across the three threshold levels to provide one set of sky factor data per sample location. Above-canopy incident radiation was calculated daily for the June-September growing season based on (1) latitude and longitude, (2) average atmospheric transmission, and (3) monthly averages for fractions of the day in diffuse radiation due to cloud cover for the Harvard Forest area. Data for 2 and 3 above were provided by researchers at the State University of New York at Albany. Below-canopy radiation was estimated daily across half-hour intervals as the sum of diffuse and direct beam components. Sky factors were then calculated from the above- and below-canopy radiation values and averaged both monthly and across the growing season.
Herbaceous Species in CRUI Land Use Project at Harvard Forest 1996
Forests recovering from agricultural legacies differ in many ways that influence the landscape distribution, local abundance, and dispersion of herbaceous populations, as well as patterns of species associations within the herbaceous stratum. We recorded the presence/absence of 10 herbaceous species on a 1 x 1 m resolution in a 30 x 50 m permanent plot grid in six land use legacy sites (2 plowed, 2 pastured, 2 permanent woodlot) in summer 1996 to test predictions about herbaceous species abundance, richness, dispersion patterns, patterns of association, and their relationships to forest structure, microclimates, and soil resources. The 10 species chosen differed in several ways (evergreen vs. deciduous, stature, clonal architecture, affinity for disturbed vs. undisturbed forests) that allowed us to probe the impacts of prior disturbance and current resource patterns (light, water, nutrients) on the spatial patterns of individual species and species associations.
Mapped Trees in CRUI Land Use Project at Harvard Forest 1996-2006
Numerous variables related to land use disturbance and recovery processes influence forest composition, structure, and growth. We measured forest communities in six sites that were formerly plowed, pastured, or continuously forested woodlots in Prospect Hill to test predictions about species composition, stand structure, and productivity in response to agricultural land use legacies. A permanent 30 x 50 m plot gridded in 5 x 5 m sub-plots was established in each of the 6 sites. All trees at least 2.5 cm DBH (diameter at breast height, 1.3 m) were mapped visually in the field, marked with an aluminum tag, and their DBH recorded in summer 1996. Individual boles of multi-stemmed trees were measured separately and a composite single DBH was calculated. Standing dead trees were also mapped and their DBH recorded as well. The 1996 data were used to determine above ground woody biomass using allometric equations for individual trees. The permanent plots were re-surveyed ten years later in fall 2006. The status of each tree mapped in 1996 was recorded (alive, dead standing, dead fallen, forked) and DBH’s were re-measured. Additional trees that grew across the 2.5 cm DBH threshold during the ten-year period were mapped and their DBH’s measured. Composite diameters and above ground woody biomass were determined for forked trees as in 1996. The 2006 re-measurements were used to analyze changes in species composition, stand structure (density, diameter distribution), and mortality patterns among species and size classes, and to calculate net changes in above ground woody biomass across the ten-year period.
Microclimate in CRUI Land Use Project at Harvard Forest 1997
Understory microenvironmental patterns are strongly influenced by both the forest community and substrate, which are in turn affected by site factors, disturbance history and recovery processes. We measured ground-level microclimates across the growing season as part of a multi-faceted study of soil-plant-atmosphere interactions in sites with different agricultural land-use legacies (formerly plowed, formerly pastured, permanent woodlots) in Prospect Hill. A permanent 30 x 50 m plot was established in each of six sites (2 per land use category) and gridded into 5 x 5 m sub-plots. Fifteen microclimate stations were used to measure photosynthetic photon flux (PPF, umol m-2 s-1, LI-190 quantum sensor, Li-Cor, Inc), soil temperature (107B thermistor, Campbell Scientific, Logan, Utah), and air temperature (107 thermistor, Campbell Scientific, Logan, Utah) at 5 locations each in three sites simultaneously. PPF and air temperature were measured at 50 cm, while soil temperature was measured 5 cm. The central sample station was located in the center (sub-plot D6) of the 30 x 50 m grid and four additional stations were positioned 10 m from the central station in the cardinal directions. In addition to the variables described above, relative humidity (%, 207 air temperature/relative humidity probe, Campbell Scientific, Logan, Utah) was measured at 50 cm at the central station. All sensors were connected to a Campbell Scientific 23X datalogger and sampled continuously every 10 sec and averaged every 10 minutes for 5 days at a time. The stations were switched between two sets of sites (P1-S2-W2 followed by P2-S1-W1) at the end of every week, so the data record for any one site includes alternate weeks. Measurements were made during April through September, 1997. The data archived here are daily means per variable per station. Missing records are due to inclement weather, while blank fields represent occasional sensor or datalogger connection problems.
Photosynthetic Light Response Curves in CRUI Land Use Project at Harvard Forest 1998
Ambient CO2 concentrations in terrestrial ecosystems vary substantially on several spatial and temporal scales as numerous soil, plant, and atmospheric processes respond to irradiance, temperature, moisture and wind. There is one widespread microhabitat in terrestrial ecosystems, the nearground zone, in which CO2 is naturally enhanced above average background levels. CO2 produced by soil respiration diffuses through the litter and boundary layers and dissipates fairly rapidly into the overlying bulk air. However, a marked vertical profile of nearground enriched CO2 (hereafter NEC) is usually present in the first 0-50 cm above ground. The degree of enrichment varies primarily with soil respiration rate and turbulent mixing, secondarily with photosynthesis by plants in the herbaceous stratum, and usually shows marked diel and seasonal variation. References to this CO2 "subsidy" and its effects on plants have occurred occasionally in the literature since 1939, but there have been few detailed studies of either the nearground profile or plant responses in the field, particularly for species that consistently occupy the nearground stratum. Considerable research over the last twenty years in both controlled and field environments has shown that co-occurring plant species may respond differently to artificially elevated CO2. But in contrast to light, temperature, water, and nutrients, plant community ecologists have generally not considered CO2 among the factors that regulate species’ distribution and abundance, except indirectly as it may affect water balance. We have documented differences in forest composition (woody and herbaceous), soil characteristics, microclimates, and nearground CO2 levels among six sites that were formerly plowed, pastured, or continuously forested woodlots in Prospect Hill. We selected three perennial herbaceous species (Aralia nudicaulis, wild sarsaparilla; Clintonia borealis, blue-bead lily; Medeola virginiana, Indian cucumber root) and two do
Herbaceous Stratum Sunfleck Regimes in CRUI Land Use Project at Harvard Forest 1998
Numerous variables related to land use disturbance and recovery processes can influence forest understory irradiance regimes. In addition to season-long measurements of herbaceous stratum microclimates (data archived separately), we explored the degree to which differences in forest community composition and structure generate differences in near-ground sunfleck regimes in our six land use sites (2 plowed, 2 pastured, 2 permanent woodlot). Considerable research has shown that photosynthetic responses to fluctuating irradiance cannot be predicted accurately from steady-state gas-exchange measurements, and that sunflecks may account for both a large fraction of total daily photon fluence and net carbon assimilation by plants in the herbaceous stratum of moist forests. We measured clear-day irradiance patterns to test predictions about how sunfleck frequency, duration, and brightness should vary across the three land-use legacies. We also wished to document sunfleck regimes as part of a companion study on photosynthetic responses by herb and tree species to sunflecks. Twenty-three quantum sensors (Li-190, Li-Cor, Inc., Lincoln, NE) were placed at regularly-spaced interior intersection points across the 30 m x 50 m permanent plot grid in each land use site. The sensors were mounted on stakes 50 cm above ground, leveled, and attached to a Campbell Scientific CR23X datalogger. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) values were recorded at all 23 microsites every 6 seconds for 3.5-4.5 hours in the morning (8:00-11:30+ a.m. EST) on one clear day per site in July and August 1998. Using custom software and a sunfleck definition threshold of 100 umol m-2 s-1, sunfleck events were extracted for each microsite across the sampling period and the following were calculated for each fleck event: number of fleck events per hour, sunfleck duration (sec), duration of the shade period prior to the sunfleck (sec), mean PPF across the sunfleck event, and peak PPF during the sunfleck. Descrtipti
Tree Seedlings in CRUI Land Use Project at Harvard Forest 1996
Forests recovering from agricultural legacies differ in many ways that influence tree seed dispersal and seedling establishment patterns. We recorded the number of seedlings (less than 0.5 m tall) of all tree species on a 1 x 1 m resolution across six land use legacy sites (2 plowed, 2 pastured, 2 permanent woodlot) in summer 1996 to test several predictions about seedling abundance, diversity, and dispersion patterns, and their relationships to forest structure, microclimates, and soil resources.
Herbaceous Community Composition in CRUI Land Use Project at Harvard Forest 1996
Patterns of vascular plant species richness were investigated in six land use legacy sites (2 formerly plowed, 2 formerly pastured, and 2 permanent woodlot) in Prospect Hill to test predictions about the effects of disturbance, light and soil resources, and forest floor environmental heterogeneity on community composition. The occurrence of vascular taxa was recorded in each of the 60 5 m x 5 m contiguous plots within the 30 m x 50 m permanently gridded study plot in each land use legacy site in June 1996. Identification was made to species in most cases. Woodlots showed higher average species richness at the site level (53) than either pastured (52 species) or plowed (49) sites. However woodlots also show greater spatial variation in richness at the 5 m x 5 m resolution than either the plowed or pastured sites (in that order) as represented by the range, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Seasonally-averaged light levels at 50 cm are approximately twice as high in the plowed and pastured sites as in the woodlots, but the woodlots show significantly greater soil organic matter, carbon, nitrogen and water-holding capacity than the post-agricultural sites. These results suggest that soil resources may be more important than light in fostering higher herbaceous stratum richness. However, woodlot richness is also affected by the presence of taxa that are slow to re-colonize heavily disturbed sites (e.g., Epigaea repens) and to distinctive microsites that are less common in the plowed or pastured sites in the Harvard Forest system (e.g., exposed boulders). The greater spatial variation in woodlot richness is strongly influenced by both substrate diversity and by scattered hemlock trees, which substantially depress the herb stratum in localized patches.
Land Use and Forest Dynamics at Harvard Forest 1937-2013
Modern vegetation patterns have developed as a result of species response to environmental gradients, disturbance history, and biotic interactions. However, the relative importance of environmental versus historical factors in determining modern species distributions may differ from site to site and may change with increasing time since disturbance. In addition, life-forms may differ in their response to environmental versus historical disturbance gradients. In the current study, we relate vegetation patterns across the Prospect Hill Tract of Harvard Forest to variability in edaphic factors and disturbance histories. Modern species distribution patterns are related to both edaphic and disturbance gradients. Although species respond individualistically to edaphic and disturbance gradients, land-use history, soil drainage, and C:N ratio are good predictors of the distribution of many species. In contrast, 1938 hurricane damage is less important. Vascular species richness is related to historical land-use, with fewer species in historical woodlots than on former agricultural sites. This is contrary to what has been reported from several other studies, and may reflect the dominance of historical woodlots in the study area by hemlock, a species that creates environmental (i.e. light and soil) conditions that are unsuitable for many species. Historical land-use does not appear to influence bryophyte species richness, although the distributions of several species do follow patterns of land-use. Species richness also varies according to soil drainage, with higher bryophyte, herb, and shrub richness and lower overstory and understory tree richness on wetter sites.
Mid-19th Century Land Use on the Southern New England and New York Coasts 1832-1886
The widespread influence of land use and natural disturbance on population, community, and landscape dynamics and the long-term legacy of disturbance on modern ecosystems requires that a historical, broad-scale perspective become an integral part of modern ecological studies and conservation assessment and planning. In previous studies, the Harvard Forest Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program has developed an integrated approach of paleoecological and historical reconstruction, meteorological modeling, air photo interpretation, GIS analyses, and field studies of vegetation and soils, to address fundamental ecological questions concerning the rates, direction, and causes of vegetation change, to evaluate controls over modern species and community distributions and landscape patterns, and to provide critical background for conservation and restoration planning. In the current study, we extend this approach to investigate the link between landscape history and the abundance, distribution, and dynamics of species, communities and landscapes of the Cape Cod to Long Island coastal region, including the islands of Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and Block Island. The study region includes many areas of high conservation priority that are linked geographically, historically, and ecologically. This data package includes GIS layers digitized by Harvard Forest researchers from copies of the US Coastal Survey “T-Sheet” maps available from the National Archives in College Park, Maryland. The US Coastal Survey, and then the US Coast and Geodetic Survey mapped the region, or specific parts of it, several times between 1832 and the 1960s. In this project we digitized the earliest T-Sheet available for each location. The original maps were surveyed between 1832 and 1886, with most of them made between 1835 to 1855. The original maps showed features such as roads, farm walls, railroads, buildings, some industrial buildings, saltworks, wharfs, and land cover including woodlands,
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.