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2,021 results for “valley”
Stream and lake water chemistry data for Green Lakes Valley, 1998 - ongoing.
This is a summary of major ion concentrations for lake water at selected depths as well as for the inlets and outlets of Green Lakes 1, 4, and Lake Albion. On some occasions the same samples were also taken from other lakes in the Green Lakes Valley, such as Green Lakes 2, 3 and 5.
Lake ice clearance and formation data for Green Lakes Valley, 1968 - ongoing.
Records were based on intermittent observation of the extent of ice cover on Silver Lake, Lake Albion, and Green Lakes 1-5, dependent on observers present for other reasons (or in some cases from photos or satellite data). Dates of freeze-up (formation), breakup (first melt or open water), and lake-ice clearance were recorded, along with visual estimates of percent ice cover at various dates prior to complete meltout in spring. The latter estimates are only included starting in 2019.
Water quality data for Green Lakes Valley, 2000 - ongoing.
This dataset contains water quality measurements made on Green Lakes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and Lake Albion. Green Lake 4 was initially sampled in 2000 and is ongoing. Ongoing sampling of Green Lakes 1 was started in 2014 and ongoing sampling of Lake Albion was started in 2016. Water samples were collected for analysis of chlorophyll a and nutrient analysis (which is available in glvwatsolu.dm.data) and field measurements for pH, temperature, specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), % saturation, secchi depth, PAR. Secchi depth is recorded at the 0m row however it is a measurement of depth and so the units are meters. Most samples were collected between 0800 and 1200 MST. The first sampling date each summer occurs shortly after the ice had melted. Data are collected from an inflatable raft at the point of deepest depth or from the lake inlet and outlet when surface flow is present. The majority of chlorophyll-a the measurements were taken at the surface (0m), the metalimnion (3m), and the hypolimnion nine (usually 8-11m). However, additional measurements were taken for side projects of the long-term dataset during several of the years and are included in this dataset. Water samples from the metalimnion or hypolimnion were collected using a Van Dorne sampler, and surface samples were collected as grab samples from the water column surface, the inlet and outlet. Field measurements were conducted using a YSI either DO or multiple probe meter (2014-2017, YSI MPS 556)(2018-ongoing, YSI ProPlus) and a Li-Cor meter with a quantum sensor. Chlorophyll-a was extracted from filtered samples and absorbance was measured before and after acidification to quantify chlorophyll a concentration.
Pika habitat occupancy survey data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 2016 - ongoing
Long-term monitoring of habitat occupancy can reveal patterns of habitat use, population dynamics, and factors controlling species distribution. The American pika (Ochotona princeps), a small mammal found in rocky habitats throughout western North America, has been targeted for occupancy studies due to its relatively conspicuous behavior and its unusual adaptations for surviving long, cold winters without hibernation. These adaptations include an unusually high resting metabolic rate and maintenance of body temperatures near the lethal maximum for this species, which would appear to compromise the pika's ability to survive warmer summers. Recent monitoring as well as projections based on future climate scenarios have suggested this species is experiencing a period of range retraction due to warming summers and/or loss of insulating winter snow cover. Niwot Ridge is situated ideally to test competing hypotheses about the trajectory and drivers of pika range shift. The pika is still common throughout the Colorado Rockies, but published models differ markedly regarding projections of the pika’s future distribution in this region. Niwot Ridge has experienced warmer summers as well as shorter periods of insulating snow cover in recent years, and there is evidence that pikas are now less common than they once were in at least one area on the ridge. This study is designed to provide robust data on pika population trends through long-term monitoring of occupancy in a spatially balanced random sample of pika habitat patches centered on Niwot Ridge. Survey plots (n = 72) were selected according to a Generalized Random-Tessellation Stratified (GRTS) algorithm, stratified dichotomously by elevation, average annual snow accumulation (SWE), and probabilities of pika occurrence based on previous data. Each plot extends 12 m in radius from a GRTS point. To ensure that each plot contains at least 10% cover of talus, plot coordinates were adjusted (usually less than 50 m) or replaced
Mercury in soil, vegetation, and organisms across Niwot Ridge, Saddle Catchment, and Green Lakes Valley, 2020 - 2023.
This dataset includes soil, vegetation, water, atmospheric deposition, litterfall, incubation, and organism data from the Niwot Ridge, Saddle Catchment, and Green Lakes Valley collected during 2020 and 2021 to investigate the storage, transformation, and mobilization of mercury in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. During Summer 2020, we collected soil cores (10cm x 3cm) across vegetation plant functional groups in wet meadows, moist meadows, dry meadows, krummholz, subalpine forest, shrub areas, as well as at the inlet and outlet of the Green Lakes in Green Lakes Valley. At each of these sites, we collected leaves from forbs, graminoids, and shrubs, as well as litter (and moss if present). For organisms, we sampled pika hairs from nine different pika trapped on the West Knoll, in addition to caddisfly pupae found in wet meadows in the Saddle Catchment. We analyzed hairs from weasel specimens at the CU Boulder Natural History Museum that were trapped either on, or near, Niwot Ridge. Finally, we analyzed dust samples collected by Dr. Ruth Heindel in 2018 and 2019 on Niwot Ridge. We analyzed soil samples for organic matter; pH; water content; percent carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur; stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotopes; total mercury; and methylmercury. We analyzed vegetation samples for percent carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur; stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotopes; total mercury; and methylmercury. We analyzed organism and dust samples for total mercury and methylmercury. During Spring 2021, we collected composite snow cores from 4 sites in the Saddle region and 3 sites in the subalpine forest. We measured snow depth and density to calculate snow water equivalent and then analyzed these samples for sulfate, nitrate, chloride, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, total mercury, and methylmercury concentrations. During Summer 2021, we collected soil cores (10cm x 3cm) every other week from June through September from a solifluction lobe, alpine wet
Plant species list for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1970 - ongoing.
A plant species list was created for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley from species identified in those areas by NWT scientists, working primarily at the Saddle and Martinelli sites. Additions to this list included species identified by Komarkova (1979) in the Indian Peaks Wilderness area but not on Niwot Ridge or in the Green Lakes Valley because of the likelihood that those species might exist within the LTER research area. Additions to the list were also provided by Terry Theodose, Leeanne Lestak, Teresa Nettleton, Susan Sherrod, Laura Mujica-Crapanzano (2004), Hope Humphries (2006), and Jane G. Smith (2019-2025). The list was revised to remove duplicate entries, correct typos, and resolve synonymy problems. Species and non-species categories received USDA PLANTS database names and codes.
Fish Food on Floodplain Farm Fields, California Central Valley, Seasons 2019 and 2021
2019 Water Year (October 1, 2018 through September 30, 2019) In the winter and spring of 2018-2019, 5,000 acres of agricultural land in Yolo County, California was intentionally flooded. These “dry-side” rice fields, although on the former floodplain of the Sacramento River, are separated from the fish-bearing Sacramento River (the “wet-side”) by high flood levees. Today, levees cut off 95% of the Central Valley’s floodplains from river channels so that Central Valley aquatic ecosystems no longer recruit floodplain the food web resources needed to support robust aquatic food webs, create fish biomass and sustain abundant fish populations. In this experiment we asked whether floodplain food web resources “grown” in intentionally inundated “dry-side” agricultural fields could be exported back to the river via flood drainage infrastructure. If so, we were interested to know whether those resources could improve juvenile salmon foraging success and increase growth rates. In order to test these questions, we caged fish in the floodplain drainage canal, at the location where the floodplain drainage water entered the river and at locations both up- and downstream. We hypothesized that zooplankton abundance and fish growth rates would be elevated at the managed floodplain outfall location, relative to the upstream location. We measured water quality parameters, zooplankton species assemblage and abundance, and juvenile Chinook salmon growth rates with PIT tagged, hatchery-origin fish confined to enclosures at the study locations. The 5,000 acres of managed floodplain was drained over the coarse of 5 weeks in February and March, 2019 at a maximum rate of 1,000 cfs. The Sacramento River flow during the experiment ranged from 20,000-30,000 cfs. Fish growth rates at the floodplain outfall location were up to five times greater than growth rates upstream of the outfall and enclosure fish experienced growth rate benefits at least up to a mile downstream from the managed floodplai
Zooplankton community composition and trait data for Green Lakes Valley, 2009 - ongoing.
Starting in 2012 zooplankton sampling at Green Lake 4 was included in the long term monitoring data set at Niwot Ridge. Immediately after the ice has completely melted from the lakes, zooplankton samples are taken once a week for six consecutive weeks at the deepest portion of the lake from an inflatable raft. Zooplankton were sampled at the deepest location of each lake by pulling a conical net (Wisconsin net) vertically through the water column (i.e., vertical tow sample). For each zooplankton sample obtained, adult organisms were identified to species, or lowest taxonomic level (Chydoridae sp. and Bosminidae sp.). Larvae of cladocerans were counted together as neonates; calanoid and cyclopoid copepodites were counted together as nauplii. Individual body lengths of the first 50 -100 (when possible) individuals of each taxon were recorded using a calibrated eyepiece micrometer and means reported.
Time lapse camera photos for Green Lakes Valley, 2011 - ongoing.
Time lapse photography is a powerful tool to detect seasonal and interannual change in remote locations. In 2008, a time lapse camera was installed at Niwot Ridge, below D1, with a view overlooking Green Lake 4. The resulting photos give a view into the seasonal evolution of ice and snow cover over the Green Lakes Valley.
Snow water equivalent data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1993 - ongoing.
Snow pits were excavated at various locations on Niwot Ridge and within the Green Lakes Valley. Temperature and snow density were measured at various depths throughout the snow cover profiles to characterize the temperature and snow water equivalent (SWE) of the snowpack throughout the year. Snow density was measured at 10-cm intervals using a 1000-ml cutter. This dataset contains derived values of SWE from snow profile measurements.
Snow grain data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1995 - ongoing.
Snow pits were excavated at various locations on Niwot Ridge and within the Green Lakes Valley. Temperature and snow density were measured at various depths throughout the snow cover profiles to characterize the temperature and snow water equivalent (SWE) of the snowpack throughout the year. Snow density was measured at 10-cm intervals using a 1000-ml cutter. Data on snow grain qualities were collected beginning in the 1994-95 snow season.
Snow cover profile data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1993 - ongoing.
Snow pits were excavated at various locations on Niwot Ridge and within the Green Lakes Valley. Temperature and snow density were measured at various depths throughout the snow cover profiles to characterize the temperature and snow water equivalent (SWE) of the snowpack throughout the year. Snow density was measured at 10-cm intervals using a 1000-ml cutter. Data on snow grain qualities were collected beginning in the 1994-95 snow season.
Kathmandu Valley Single Hazards and Multi-Hazard Interrelationships Database
<p>This <em>Kathmandu Valley Single Hazards and Multi-Hazard Interrelationships Database</em> uses a systematic review of blended evidence types (academic literature, grey literature, media, databases, and social media) to compile single hazard and multi-hazard interrelationship exemplars of natural hazards in the context of Kathmandu Valley.</p> <p>We identify 58 sources of evidence for single hazard types and 21 sources of evidence for multi-hazard interrelationships. These sources evidence 21 single hazard types across six hazard groups, and 83 multi-hazard interrelationships that could influence Kathmandu Valley. Of these multi-hazard interrelationships, 12 have direct case study evidence of previous influence in Kathmandu Valley.</p> <p>This Excel database accompanies the paper Thompson et al. (2024).</p> <p>The <em>Kathmandu Valley Single Hazards and Multi-Hazard Interrelationships Database </em>comprises the following sheets: <br>A. Single Hazards Evidence <br>B. Hazard Interrelationships Evidence <br>C. Hazard Interrelationships Matrix <br>D. Matrix Evidence <br>E. Definitions (Source Types) <br>F. Definitions (Hazards) <br>G. Definitions (Interrelationships) <br>H. References </p> <p>In Sheet A, each row in the database describes a separate source of evidence of a single hazard influencing Kathmandu Valley. In each column, we describe the evidence using the qualifiers outlined below:</p> <ul> <li>Hazard type</li> <li>Source information and link</li> <li>Source content</li> <li>Hazard interrelationships and anthropogenic processes</li> <li>Video evidence</li> <li>Source reflections</li> <li>Major event typical frequency reflection</li> <li>Any other reflection on a single hazard</li> <li>Impact</li> </ul> <p>In Sheet B, each row in the database describes a separate source of evidence of a multi-hazard interrelationship influencing Kathmandu Valley. In each column, we describe the evidence using the qualifiers outlined below:</p> <ul> <li>Hazard type</li> <li>Source information and link</li> <li>Source content</li> <li>Hazard sequence</li> <li>Source reflections</li> <li>Impact</li> <li>Input from practitioner stakeholders</li> <li>Input from practitioner stakeholders - prioritisation</li> </ul> <p>We refer the reader to Thompson et al. (2024) for details of the methodology used to populate this database.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Thompson, H. E., Gill, J. C., Šakić Trogrlić, R., Taylor, F. E., and Malamud, B. D.: A methodology to compile multi-hazard interrelationships in a data-scarce setting: an application to Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-101, in review, 2024.</p>
Calculated moisture sources for the Yangtse River Valley for past, present and future climate using a Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic
<p>This dataset contains calculated moisture sources for the Yangtse River Valley (110–122°E and 27–33°N, eastern China) for past, present and future climate using a Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic. The dataset comprises gridded monthly moisture source data files and monthly time series files for a Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) simulation and a Pre-Industrial reference simulation (PRE) with CAM5.1 using prescribed sea surface temperatures, and a control simulation (CTL, 2001-2010) and a climate scenario run with representative concentration pathway 6 (RCP, 2061-2070) with the coupled NorESM-1M model. Each file covers a 10-year time period, computed with the Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic WaterSip (Sodemann et al., 2008).</p>
Central Valley Project, Genetic Determination of Population of Origin 2011-2024
Central Valley Chinook Salmon populations differ in their Endangered Species Act listing status. It is often difficult to distinguish individuals from the different Evolutionarily Significant Units. As such, many of the salmon monitoring and evaluation efforts in the Central Valley and San Francisco Bay-Delta are hampered by uncertainty about population (stock) identification and proportional effects of management actions (Dekar et al. 2013; IEP 2019). Studies have identified that the current identification method (length-at-date models) of juvenile Chinook salmon (Fisher 1992) captured in the watershed vary in their accuracy, particularly for spring-run (NMFS 2013; Harvey et al. 2014; Merz et al. 2014). The inaccuracy of the size-based methods is likely due to differences in fish distribution during early rearing, habitat-specific growth rates, and inter-annual variability in temperatures and food availability that lead to overlap in size ranges among stocks. The primary objective of this project was the genetic classification (to race; Evolutionary Significant Unit) of Chinook Salmon captured from State Water Project and Central Valley Project fish protection facilities and Interagency Ecological Program monitoring programs. The population-of-origin was determined for sampled fish by comparing their genotypes to reference genetic baselines. Genetic methods, having less statistical uncertainty that size-based models for population identification, were intended to directly target (and reduce) one source of uncertainty in the estimation of loss (take) from water diversions (operations) and develop the information necessary for understanding stock-specific distribution, habitat utilization, abundance, and life history variation. This project supports recommendations from the Interagency Ecological Program’s Salmon and Sturgeon Assessment of Indicators by Life Stage and Interagency Ecological Program Science Agenda efforts to improve Central Valley salmonid monitoring
California's Central Valley Project Improvement Act Predation Contact Point Study - 2022: Predator-prey interactions under low artificial lighting in a laboratory setting
The highest rates of piscivorous predation in the field have been recorded during crepuscular light levels associated with sunrise and sunset or artificial lighting at night (ALAN). We conducted a laboratory study where groups of predator-naïve, hatchery-raised juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to natural-origin piscivorous largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) under three light treatments representative of brighter crepuscular periods or direct ALAN illumination (“high” treatment), dimmer crepuscular periods or sky glow from ALAN (“medium” treatment), and night or no ALAN (“low” treatment). We then statistically evaluated potential associations between light treatment, prey group cohesion, and predator activity.
Genetic assignments for Spring Evolutionary Significant Unit reanalysis, Central Valley Chinook Salmon populations, CA, 2011-2024
Central Valley Chinook Salmon populations differ in their Endangered Species Act listing status. It is difficult to visually distinguish individuals from the different Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU). As such, many of the salmon monitoring and evaluation efforts in the Central Valley and San Francisco Bay-Delta are hampered by uncertainty about population (stock) identification and proportional effects of management actions (Dekar et al. 2013; IEP 2019). Studies have identified that the current identification method (length-at-date models) of juvenile Chinook salmon (Fisher 1992) captured in the watershed vary in their accuracy, particularly for spring-run (NMFS 2013; Harvey et al. 2014; Merz et al. 2014). The inaccuracy of the size-based methods is likely due to differences in fish distribution during early rearing, habitat-specific growth rates, and inter-annual variability in temperatures and food availability that lead to overlap in size ranges among stocks. The primary objective of this project was the genetic classification (to genetic lineage; Evolutionary Significant Unit) of Chinook Salmon captured from State Water Project and Central Valley Project fish protection facilities and Interagency Ecological Program compliance monitoring programs. The genetic lineage was determined for sampled fish by comparing their genotypes to reference genetic baselines. Genetic methods, having less statistical uncertainty that size-based models for population identification, were intended to directly target (and reduce) one source of uncertainty in the estimation of loss (take) from water diversions (operations) and develop the information necessary for understanding stock-specific distribution, habitat utilization, abundance, and life history variation. This project supports recommendations from the Interagency Ecological Program’s Salmon and Sturgeon Assessment of Indicators by Life Stage and Interagency Ecological Program Science Agenda efforts to improve Central V
Soil biogeochemical measurements from the Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 131 (ASPA 131), McMurdo Dry Valleys Antarctica, December 2022
These data include soil biological properties (16S ASV community sequences, invertebrate community counts, ash-free dry mass, pigment concentrations), physical properties (location, gravimetric soil moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, remote detection of soil moisture change), chemical properties (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, extractable sulfate ions, extractable Cl ions) from soils collected within the Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 131 (ASPA-131) surrounding Canada Stream in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Collection sites were associated with a warming event that occurred on March 22, 2022, and include the following remotely-sensed categories: V - validation sites representing arid soils with little soil moisture and minimal detectable change in liquid water, S - significant sites that had a significant increase in liquid water, and N - nonsignificant sites that had detectable moisture but did not experience a significant increase in liquid water. These data aid in our understanding of how landscape heterogeneity and hydroclimate variability influence soil biota communities sensitive to changes in liquid water availability in a polar desert.
Continuous depth-integrated fluorometric phytoplankton measurements in Lake Bonney, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2013-2017)
Phytoplankton are key primary producers in the photic zones of permanently ice-covered lakes in Antarctica’s McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), playing a crucial role in regional carbon cycling. However, their seasonal dynamics remain poorly understood, particularly during winter, when the region is inaccessible to researchers. To address this gap, the Autonomous Lake Profiler and Samplers (ALPS) project, part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (MCM LTER) program, deployed sensors and samplers to collect year-round data on phytoplankton dynamics. This data package provides continuous, depth-integrated fluorometric measurements of phytoplankton communities in Lake Bonney from 2013 to 2017. A submersible spectrofluorometer (bbe Moldaenke FluoroProbe) was used to quantify the vertical distribution of key algal classes – brown/mixed algae, green algae, and cryptophytes – within the deep photic zone of the lake’s eastern (21–24 m) and western (16–24 m) lobes. Lake Bonney serves as a year-round refugium for life in extreme environments, but rapid lake level rise over the past three decades has introduced new uncertainties regarding phytoplankton community dynamics. These data contribute to ongoing efforts to understand how environmental change influences microbial ecology in polar aquatic ecosystems.
Stable isotope (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) measurements of water column and benthic samples from Lake Joyce, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, November 2014
Water column and benthic samples were collected from Lake Joyce, a perennially ice-covered lake in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, to support stable isotope analyses. Water column samples were collected in November 2014 at depths ranging from 6 to 53 m using a Niskin bottle deployed through a borehole in the lake ice. The deepest sample (53 m) was collected with concurrent live-drop camera observations to ensure that sampling did not disrupt the underlying sediments. Benthic water samples were collected by divers along the delta front on the north side of the lake, targeting topographic low points at depths between 10 and 28.2 m to assess potential pooling of hyporheic discharge. These samples were taken within ~5 cm of the sediment-water interface using 60 mL syringes. This data package includes stable water isotope measurements (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) to support investigations of spatial variability in lake water isotopic composition and potential hydrologic inputs.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.