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4 results for “valve gaping”
Software and data for: VGWatch: A low-cost stand-alone monitor to measure the valve gape of bivalves in the field
<p>Software and data abstract:</p> <p>This archive includes an Arduino script for utilizing the valve gape monitor outlined in the paper. Additionally, it provides an R script for calibrating the monitor and magnet. Finally, it contains valve gape data from three mussels, collected using the described monitor, along with a script for the analysis.</p> <p> </p> <p>Paper abstract:</p> <p>Valve gape monitors are utilised to measure the extent of bivalve’s shell openings. This measurement is correlated with their filter-feeding activity, and valve closure can serve as an indicator of various environmental stressors, including poor water quality, the presence of predators, and human disturbance. We developed an inexpensive, stand-alone, and reusable valve gape monitor; enabling collection of sufficient and independent spatial replication <em>in situ</em>. The monitor is made using Arduino hardware and software, and we share the design and code. We tested it in the field with three mussels as a proof of concept. The mussels were likely actively feeding most of the time. Two of the mussels were in close vicinity and demonstrated similar valve gape patterns. The monitor enables to measure valve gape in high resolution, providing insights into bivalve biology, ecosystem functioning, and the effects of environmental conditions, including anthropogenic stressors.</p>
Рис. 6. Ювенильные раковины Laternula elliptica: А1, А3 – левые створки, внешний вид, H×L=3.0×4.4 мм; А2 – вид со стороны дорсального краЯ на сдвоенные створки, обраЗуюЩие по Заднему краю ЗиЯние; А4 – Замок, соединЯюЩий фрагменты раЗрушенных створок (штриховка); Б1 – праваЯ створка, внешний вид, H×L=8.5×14.0 мм; Б2 – внутреннЯЯ поверхность правой створки. Фрагменты раковины вЗрослого моллюска (L=69.7 мм): В1 – вид со стороны дорсального краЯ; В2 – фрагмент правой створки, вид сбоку. ОбоЗначениЯ: ЗК – Задний край; дК – дорсальный край; сКп – складки периостракума; м – макушка; мщ – макушечнаЯ Щель; пр – продиссоконх; хр – хондрофор; ппЛ – поддерживаюЩаЯ пластинка; дпЛ – дополнительнаЯ пластинка; син – синус. Fig. 6. Juvenile shells of Laternula elliptica: A1, A3 – left valves, external view, H×L=3.0×4.4 mm; A2 – paired valves, dorsal view, showing gape through which the siphon project; A4 – hinge with chondrophore and buttress, internal view; Б1– right valve, external view, H×L=8.5×14.0 mm; Б2 – right valve, internal view. Adult shell (L=69.7 мм): B1 – fragment of right valve, dorsal view; B2 – fragment of right valve, lateral view on umbo. Notes: ЗК – posterior margin; дК – dorsal margin; сКп – periostracal wrinkles; м – umbo; мщ – umbonal crack; пр – prodissoconch; хр – chondrophore; ппЛ – buttress; дпЛ – additional supporting plate; син – sinus. in Species of warm-water origin Laternula elliptica (King, 1832) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Laternulidae), a widespread mollusk in recent Antarctica
Рис. 6. Ювенильные раковины Laternula elliptica: А1, А3 – левые створки, внешний вид, H×L=3.0×4.4 мм; А2 – вид со стороны дорсального краЯ на сдвоенные створки, обраЗуюЩие по Заднему краю ЗиЯние; А4 – Замок, соединЯюЩий фрагменты раЗрушенных створок (штриховка); Б1 – праваЯ створка, внешний вид, H×L=8.5×14.0 мм; Б2 – внутреннЯЯ поверхность правой створки. Фрагменты раковины вЗрослого моллюска (L=69.7 мм): В1 – вид со стороны дорсального краЯ; В2 – фрагмент правой створки, вид сбоку. ОбоЗначениЯ: ЗК – Задний край; дК – дорсальный край; сКп – складки периостракума; м – макушка; мщ – макушечнаЯ Щель; пр – продиссоконх; хр – хондрофор; ппЛ – поддерживаюЩаЯ пластинка; дпЛ – дополнительнаЯ пластинка; син – синус. Fig. 6. Juvenile shells of Laternula elliptica: A1, A3 – left valves, external view, H×L=3.0×4.4 mm; A2 – paired valves, dorsal view, showing gape through which the siphon project; A4 – hinge with chondrophore and buttress, internal view; Б1– right valve, external view, H×L=8.5×14.0 mm; Б2 – right valve, internal view. Adult shell (L=69.7 мм): B1 – fragment of right valve, dorsal view; B2 – fragment of right valve, lateral view on umbo. Notes: ЗК – posterior margin; дК – dorsal margin; сКп – periostracal wrinkles; м – umbo; мщ – umbonal crack; пр – prodissoconch; хр – chondrophore; ппЛ – buttress; дпЛ – additional supporting plate; син – sinus.
Data from: Separate and combined effects of boat noise and a live crab predator on mussel valve gape behaviour
<p><strong>Data abstract:</strong></p> <p>Data on the valve gape of mussels and the behaviour of stimulus crabs during sound exposure trials. We provide the raw valve gape data, processed data, and scripts to process the raw data, make plots, and run the statistics.</p> <p><strong><span>Paper abstract:</span></strong></p> <p><span>Noisy human activities at sea are changing the acoustic environment, which has been shown to affect marine mammals and fishes. Invertebrates, such as bivalves, have so far received limited attention despite their important role in the marine ecosystem. Several studies have examined the impact of sound on anti-predator behaviour using simulated predators, but studies using live predators are scarce. In the current study, we examined the separate and combined effects of boat sound playback and predator cues from shore crabs (<em>Carcinus maenas</em>) on the behaviour of mussels (<em>Mytilus</em> spp.). We examined the behaviour of the mussels using a valve gape monitor and scored the behaviour from the crabs in one of two types of predator test conditions from video footage to control for effects from potential, sound-induced variation in crab behaviour. We found that mussels closed their valve gape during boat noise and with a crab in their tank, but also that the stimulus combination did not add up to an even smaller valve gape. The sound treatment did not affect the stimulus crabs, but the behaviour of the crabs did affect the valve gape of the mussels. Future research is needed to examine whether these results stand <em>in situ</em> and whether valve closure due to sound have fitness consequences for mussels. The effects on the well-being of individual mussels from anthropogenic noise may be relevant for population dynamics in the context of pressure from other stressors, their role as ecosystem engineers, and in the context of aquaculture.</span></p>
Data from: Separate and combined effects of boat noise and a live crab predator on mussel valve gape behaviour
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