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62 results for “vascular epiphyte”
Vascular epiphyte census data at the San Lorenzo Crane plot
<p>Long-term community data of vascular epiphytes on a permanent vegetation study at the San Lorenzo Crane plot. The epiphyte community at the San Lorenzo crane plot on 207 tree individuals was first recorded between 1998 to 2000 and again between 2010 to 2012. Two files are available, one per each census.<br> <br> Headers in each file correspond to:</p> <p><strong>- empty header:</strong> row ID<br> <strong>- treenum: </strong>code of each tree, data taken from the CTFS-Tree Censuses and Inventories in Panama (STRI-CTFS) https://stricollections.org/portal/collections/misc/collprofiles.php?collid=27<br> <strong>- spp_code:</strong> epiphyte species code<br> <strong>- tsppc:</strong> host tree species code<br> <strong>- freq:</strong> number of individuals of epiphyte species</p> <p><br> <br> </p>
Stand-level variation drives canopy water storage by non-vascular epiphytes across a temperate-boreal ecotone
<p>Epiphytes, including bryophytes and lichens, can significantly change the water interception and storage capacities of forest canopies. However, despite some understanding of this role, empirical evaluations of canopy and bole community water storage capacity by epiphytes are still quite limited. Epiphyte communities are shaped by both microclimate and host plant identity, and so the canopy and bole community storage capacity might also be expected to vary across similar spatial scales. We estimated canopy and bole community cover and biomass of bryophytes and lichens from ground-based surveys across a temperate-boreal ecotone in continental North America (Minnesota). Multiple forest types were studied at each site, to separate stand level and latitudinal effects. Biomass was converted into potential canopy and bole community storage on the basis of water-holding capacity measurements of dominant taxa. Bole biomass and potential water storage was a much larger contributor than outer canopy. Biomass and water storage capacity varied greatly, ranging from 9 to &gt;900kg ha<sup>–1</sup> and 0.003 to 0.38 mm, respectively. These values are lower than most reported results for temperate forests, which have emphasized coastal and old-growth forests. Variation was greatest within sites and appeared to reflect the strong effects of host tree identity on epiphyte communities, with conifer-dominated plots hosting more lichen-dominated epiphyte communities with lower potential water storage capacity. These results point to the challenges of estimating and incorporating epiphyte contributions to canopy hydrology from stand metrics. Further work is also needed to improve estimates of canopy epiphytes, including crustose lichens.</p>
Stand-level variation drives canopy water storage by non-vascular epiphytes across a temperate-boreal ecotone
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Data from: Vascular epiphytes show low physiological resistance and high recovery capacity to episodic, short-term drought in Monteverde, Costa Rica
<ol> <li>Tropical montane cloud forests support abundant epiphytic vascular plant communities that serve important ecosystem functions, but their reliance on atmospheric inputs of water may make them susceptible to the drying effects of rising cloud bases and more frequent droughts.</li> <li>We conducted a common garden experiment to explore the combined effects of decreasing cloud influence—lower humidity, warmer temperature, brighter light—and meteorological drought (i.e., absence of rain) on the physiology and morphology of vascular epiphytes native to primary forests of Monteverde, Costa Rica. The epiphytes, which exhibited C<sub>3</sub> photosynthesis, were sourced from a lower montane cloud forest (CF) or a rainforest below the current cloud base (RF) and transplanted into nearby shadehouses (CF or RF shadehouse, respectively). Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and light availability, measured as photosynthetically active radiation, were 2.5 and 3.1 times higher in the RF than the CF shadehouse. Half of the plants were subjected to a severe four-week drought followed by a recovery period, and the other half were watered controls.</li> <li>Plants subjected to low VPD/light conditions of the CF shadehouse were physiologically and morphologically resistant to the drought treatment. However, compared to control plants, both sources of plants subjected to high VPD/light conditions of the RF shadehouse experienced declines in maximum net photosynthesis (A<sub>max</sub>), stomatal conductance (g<sub>s</sub>), and the proportion of healthy leaves (those not exhibiting chlorosis, desiccation, or necrosis). At peak drought, leaves from the RF were 19% thinner than controls. Within 7-14 days after rewatering, A<sub>max</sub>, g<sub>s</sub>, and leaf health recovered to nearly the levels of controls. Growth rate, mortality, and phenology were unaffected by the treatments.</li> <li>The divergent responses to drought in the CF versus RF shadehouses, combined with the recovery in the RF shadehouse, indicate that these epiphytes possess adaptive properties that confer low resistance, but high recovery capacity, to episodes of short-term drought over a range of cloud influence. In addition, the reduction in A<sub>max</sub> suggests stomatal regulation that favors water conservation over carbon acquisition, a strategy that may inform epiphyte responses to rising clouds and increasing drought frequency expected in the long term.</li> </ol>
Pattern and driver of the compositional variations in a tropical cloud forest: Comparing vascular epiphytes with terrestrial woody plants
<p>β-diversity patterns (the compositional variations across sites) and their drivers are the major concerns of biodiversity research and conservation practices, whereas such information remains scarce for vascular epiphytes, especially in tropical forest communities. This study aimed to reveal the pattern and driving process of the compositional variations of vascular epiphytes in a tropical cloud forest on Hainan island, southern China, and their differences from those of terrestrial woody plants. To this end, we quantified their between-habitat compositional variations and distinguished the underlying components of β-diversity (nestedness and turnover). We then examined the relative roles of niche-based and neutral processes in driving the compositional variations by using a null model approach. Our results showed that the between-habitat compositional variations were significant for both plant assemblages and stronger in vascular epiphytes than in terrestrial woody plants. The turnover component of β-diversity was significantly stronger in terrestrial woody plants, accounting for 73.16%–80.08% of the variations. By contrast, the nestedness component was significantly stronger in vascular epiphytes and characterized 46.82%–67.5% of the variations. Besides, the compositional variations of both plant assemblages, especially terrestrial woody plants, were generally poorly fitted by the simulated niche-based scenarios but well fitted by the simulated neutral scenarios. Overall, the compositional variations of both plant assemblages were significant and mainly due to dispersal limitation, albeit to varying degrees. Hence, further studies of these plant assemblages at local scales should not be ideologically limited to the niche-based framework. Moreover, the stronger nestedness observed in vascular epiphytes suggests the greater importance of prioritizing conservation efforts in the species-rich habitats for these plants.</p>
Leaf economics in a three‐dimensional environment: Testing leaf trait responses in vascular epiphytes to land use, climate, and tree zone
<p>1. The study of functional traits offers predictive power for community ecology. Particularly in cases where individual species are difficult to study, known properties of trait spectra, such as the leaf economics spectrum (LES), and trait-environment relationships can provide crucial generalizable information that can contribute to forecasts of distributional shifts in response to the abiotic effects of climate and land use changes.</p> <p>2. Vascular epiphytes have been proposed as indicators of environmental change, but we know little about the ecology of most species. Key functional trait assumptions are based on terrestrial plants; testing these in epiphytes verifies their universality and will inform applying functional traits in predicting epiphyte responses to climate and land use change.</p> <p>3. In this study, we use functional traits from 37 vascular epiphyte species from forests and shade coffee farms at two sites in northern Nicaragua. We compare correlations among traits and intraspecific trait variances with those of terrestrial plants and among epiphyte taxonomic groups. We also test trait responses to environmental differences between sites and land use types, and within zones of the tree.</p> <p>4. We find that epiphyte leaf traits fall toward the slower end of the LES, but with about one-third lower leaf nitrogen per change in specific leaf area (SLA) relative to terrestrial herbaceous plants. Bromeliads show less relationship between these traits than other epiphyte groups and also deviate in other trait interrelationships, suggesting unique leaf construction.</p> <p>5. Trait-environment relationships varied most strongly along vertical gradients within trees, but some traits, including SLA and carbon isotope ratio, also responded to land use and site differences.</p> <p>6. We present evidence that trait relationships established for terrestrial plants appear to translate to epiphytes, but identify some possible caveats. Strong trait response to vertical gradients within trees suggests that within-canopy shifts could provide resilience to climate and land use changes for some epiphyte species.</p>
Broad- and small-scale environmental gradients drive variation in chemical, but not morphological, leaf traits of vascular epiphytes
<p>Variation in leaf functional traits along environmental gradients can reveal how vascular epiphytes respond to broad- and small-scale environmental gradients. Along elevational gradients, both temperature and precipitation likely play an important role as drivers of leaf trait variation, but these traits may also respond to small-scale changes in light, temperature, and humidity along the vertical environmental gradient within forest canopies. However, the relative importance of broad- and small-scale environmental gradients as drivers of variation in leaf functional traits of vascular epiphytes is poorly understood. Here, we examined variation in morphological and chemical leaf traits of 102 vascular epiphyte species spanning two environmental gradients along Cofre de Perote mountain in Mexico: i) a broad-scale environmental gradient approximated by elevation as well as by species' lower and upper elevational limits, and ii) small-scale environmental gradients using the relative height of attachment of an epiphyte on a host tree as a proxy for variation in environmental conditions within the forest canopy. We also assessed whether variation in morphological and chemical leaf traits along these gradients were consistent across photosynthetic pathways (CAM and C<sub>3</sub>). Broad- and small-scale environmental gradients explained more variation in chemical traits (marginal R2: 11-89%) than in morphological traits (marginal R2: 2-31%). For example, leaf carbon isotope signatures (δ<sup>13</sup>C), which reflects water-use efficiency, varied systematically across both environmental gradients, suggesting a decrease in water-use efficiency with increasing lower and upper elevational limits and an increase in water-use efficiency with relative height of attachment. The influence of lower and upper elevational limits on trait variation differed between photosynthetic pathways, except for leaf dry matter content and leaf nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio. Contrary to our expectations, broad- and small-scale environmental gradients explained minimal variation in morphological leaf traits, suggesting that environmental conditions do not constrain morphological leaf trait values of vascular epiphytes. Our findings suggest that assessing multiple drivers of leaf trait variation among photosynthetic pathways is key for disentangling the mechanisms underlying responses of vascular epiphytes to environmental conditions.</p>
Vascular Epiphytes of the South America Dry Diagonal (SADD)
<p>Dataset from the paper: Vascular Epiphytes of the South America Dry Diagonal: Characterizing Their Occurrence and Richness in this Neglected Region</p>
Including dynamics in the equation: Tree growth rates and host specificity of vascular epiphytes
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Broad- and small-scale environmental gradients drive variation in chemical, but not morphological, leaf traits of vascular epiphytes
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Data from: Vascular epiphytes show low physiological resistance and high recovery capacity to episodic, short-term drought in Monteverde, Costa Rica
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Leaf economics in a three‐dimensional environment: Testing leaf trait responses in vascular epiphytes to land use, climate, and tree zone
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Pattern and driver of the compositional variations in a tropical cloud forest: Comparing vascular epiphytes with terrestrial woody plants
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Data from: Local and regional determinants of vascular epiphyte mortality in the Andean mountains of Colombia
1. We present the first large-scale assessment of vascular epiphyte mortality in the neotropics. Our goals were to explore the primary types of vascular epiphyte death and to identify local and regional determinants of epiphyte mortality in natural forests located 60 to 2900 m a.s.l. in the Colombian Andes. 2. Based on two consecutive annual surveys, we followed the fate of 4247 epiphytes to estimate the epiphyte mortality rate on 116 host trees at nine sites. A logistic regression analysis for proportional data with a binomial distribution of the error was applied to determine the probability of epiphyte death in relation to local and regional explanatory variables. 3. The overall epiphyte mortality rate was 7.5 ± 1.1% yr−1 (mean ± standard error). Non-mechanical factors, such as desiccation, accounted for a mortality rate of 1.9 ± 0.3% yr−1. Mechanical factors, such as falling branches, accounted for a mortality rate of 5.6 ± 1.1% yr−1. According to generalized linear modelling analyses, both local and regional factors played key roles in determining epiphyte mortality. The actual evapotranspiration (regional factor) and the mean epiphyte attachment height (local factor) were both consistently positively associated with the probability of epiphyte death. Additional variables identified as possible determinants of the epiphyte mortality were the temperature seasonality, annual temperature range, the height and number of branches of the tree, and the abundance of large trees (DBH ≥ 10 cm). 4. Synthesis. The recorded high mortality rate indicates that natural epiphyte assemblages must be highly dynamic to avoid local extinction of species. Our study identifies actual evapotranspiration as an important driver of epiphyte mortality, and we highlight its importance in determining the fate tropical epiphyte communities may experience if evapotranspiration increases due to climate change. We hope our study addresses the paucity of research on non-tree growth forms, typically ignored in vegetation dynamics, and encourages their inclusion in future studies that investigate the function of tropical ecosystems.
FIGURE 0 in Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve vascular epiphytes: a hotspot in the mountains of the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 0. Vascular epiphytes representatives of the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. a–c Orchidaceae: a Stelis papaquerensis. b Thysanoglossa organensis c Zygopetalum viride. d–j Piperaceae: d Peperomia alata. e Peperomia choroniana. f Peperomia glaziou. g Peperomia pilicaulis. h Peperomia pseudoestrellensis. i Peperomia tetraphylla. j–m Polypodiaceae: j Cochlidium punctatum. k Cochlidium serrulatum. l Melpomene melanosticta. m Pecluma truncorum. n Vittaria lineata (Pteridaceae). o Dyssochroma atlanticum (Solanaceae).
FIGURE. Vascular epiphytes representatives of the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. a–o Orchidaceae: a Maxillaria milenae. b Maxillaria nasuta. c Maxillaria notylioglossa. d Maxillaria ochroleuca. e Maxillaria rigida. f Myoxanthus punctatus. g Myoxanthus ruschii. h Octomeria alexandri. i Octomeria crassifolia. j. Octomeria gracilis. k Octomeria juncifolia. l Octomeria rotundiglossa. m Pabstiella lingua. n Pabstiella lueriana. o Pabstiella matinhensis. in Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve vascular epiphytes: a hotspot in the mountains of the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil
FIGURE. Vascular epiphytes representatives of the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. a–o Orchidaceae: a Maxillaria milenae. b Maxillaria nasuta. c Maxillaria notylioglossa. d Maxillaria ochroleuca. e Maxillaria rigida. f Myoxanthus punctatus. g Myoxanthus ruschii. h Octomeria alexandri. i Octomeria crassifolia. j. Octomeria gracilis. k Octomeria juncifolia. l Octomeria rotundiglossa. m Pabstiella lingua. n Pabstiella lueriana. o Pabstiella matinhensis.
FIGURE. Vascular epiphytes representatives of the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. a–o Orchidaceae: a Barbosella gardneri. b Bifrenaria clavigera. c Bifrenaria mellicolor. d Campylocentrum ornithorrhynchum. e Cattleya harpophylla. f Cirrhaea nasuta. g Comparettia coccinea. h Crocodeilanthe spiralis. i Dichaea cogniauxiana. j Elleanthus linifolius. k Encyclia patens. l Epidendrum armeniacum. m Epidendrum carpophorum. n Epidendrum henschenii. o Epidendrum proligerum. in Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve vascular epiphytes: a hotspot in the mountains of the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil
FIGURE. Vascular epiphytes representatives of the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. a–o Orchidaceae: a Barbosella gardneri. b Bifrenaria clavigera. c Bifrenaria mellicolor. d Campylocentrum ornithorrhynchum. e Cattleya harpophylla. f Cirrhaea nasuta. g Comparettia coccinea. h Crocodeilanthe spiralis. i Dichaea cogniauxiana. j Elleanthus linifolius. k Encyclia patens. l Epidendrum armeniacum. m Epidendrum carpophorum. n Epidendrum henschenii. o Epidendrum proligerum.
FIGURE. Vascular epiphytes representatives of the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. a–c Hymenophyllaceae: a Hymenophyllum polyanthos. b Polyphlebium angustatum. c Trichomanes polypodioides. d Phlegmariurus martii (Lycopodiaceae). e–o Orchidaceae: e Acianthera auriculata. f Acianthera glanduligera. g Acianthera nemorosa. h Acianthera parahybunensis. i Acianthera ramosa. j Acianthera tricarinata. k Anathallis adenochila. l Anathallis aristulata. m Anathallis linearifolia. n Anathallis microphyta. o Anathallis sclerophylla. in Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve vascular epiphytes: a hotspot in the mountains of the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil
FIGURE. Vascular epiphytes representatives of the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. a–c Hymenophyllaceae: a Hymenophyllum polyanthos. b Polyphlebium angustatum. c Trichomanes polypodioides. d Phlegmariurus martii (Lycopodiaceae). e–o Orchidaceae: e Acianthera auriculata. f Acianthera glanduligera. g Acianthera nemorosa. h Acianthera parahybunensis. i Acianthera ramosa. j Acianthera tricarinata. k Anathallis adenochila. l Anathallis aristulata. m Anathallis linearifolia. n Anathallis microphyta. o Anathallis sclerophylla.
FIGURE. Vascular epiphytes representatives of the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. a–g Bromeliaceae: a Vriesea poenulata. b Vriesea pulchra. c Vriesea racinae. d Vriesea rhodostachys. e Vriesea simplex. f Vriesea tijucana. g Vriesea vagans. h Thoracocarpus bissectus (Cyclanthaceae). i–j Dryopteridaceae: i Elaphoglossum luridum. j Elaphoglossum plumosum. k–n Gesneriaceae: k Codonanthe devosiana. l Nematanthus albus. m Nematanthus crassifolius. n Nematanthus kautskyi. o Hymenophyllum caudiculatum (Hymenophyllaceae). in Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve vascular epiphytes: a hotspot in the mountains of the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil
FIGURE. Vascular epiphytes representatives of the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. a–g Bromeliaceae: a Vriesea poenulata. b Vriesea pulchra. c Vriesea racinae. d Vriesea rhodostachys. e Vriesea simplex. f Vriesea tijucana. g Vriesea vagans. h Thoracocarpus bissectus (Cyclanthaceae). i–j Dryopteridaceae: i Elaphoglossum luridum. j Elaphoglossum plumosum. k–n Gesneriaceae: k Codonanthe devosiana. l Nematanthus albus. m Nematanthus crassifolius. n Nematanthus kautskyi. o Hymenophyllum caudiculatum (Hymenophyllaceae).
FIGURE. Geographical location of the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve (ARBR), Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. a the state of Espírito Santo, highlighting the location of the ARBR. b delimitation of the ARBR. c–e ARBR vegetation. (a: prepared by Henrique Lauand Ribeiro, b: adapted from Google Earth Pro, c–e: photos of Gabriel Mendes Marcusso). in Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve vascular epiphytes: a hotspot in the mountains of the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil
FIGURE. Geographical location of the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve (ARBR), Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil. a the state of Espírito Santo, highlighting the location of the ARBR. b delimitation of the ARBR. c–e ARBR vegetation. (a: prepared by Henrique Lauand Ribeiro, b: adapted from Google Earth Pro, c–e: photos of Gabriel Mendes Marcusso).
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