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64 results for “vegetation diversity”
Ant Diversity and Vegetation Composition in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest 2006
Ants comprise a considerable amount of animal biomass in terrestrial ecosystems and play major roles in ecological processes ranging from seed dispersal to soil turnover. Invasion by the hemlock woolly adelgid will transform late-successional hemlock forests into earlier successional mixed hardwood-white pine forests or red-maple wetlands. Understanding how ant assemblages vary in different habitat types allows for predictions of how hemlock decline could alter the composition of ant assemblages, with implications for a wide range of ecosystem processes. An ongoing study at the Simes Tract of Harvard Forest is documenting the effects of invasion and land-use history on ant biodiversity. Surveys from 2003 to 2005 focused on ant structure in hemlock and hardwood microhabitats in the Harvard Forest Hemlock Removal Experiment, in which hemlock forest response to deforestation by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) and to selective logging is being examined (Ellison et al. 2005). In the summer of 2006, we surveyed a greater range of microhabitat types with two objectives. First, to collect rare or elusive species in hemlock and hardwood stands that may have gone uncollected in previous years. Second, to sample forest communities not included in previous years - white pine, swamp, and rocky slope - for ant species unique to these microhabitats. We found fourteen newly documented species of ants in the Simes Tract - nine of which were in an open, swamp. Aphaenogaster rudis and Camponotus pennsylvanicus were the only ant species found in all microhabitat types. In a canonical correspondence analysis, A. rudis and C. pennsylvanicus were associated most strongly with hemlock stands and low species richness of understory plants.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Diversity of Forest Floor Vegetation under Ash, Beech, Sugar Maple, and Yellow Birch, 2021
As the interface between plants and soil, the organic horizon is the foundation of forest ecosystems. Two potential predictors of O-layer properties, vegetation and mineral soil type, are difficult to separate because they typically covary. We conducted a factorial study involving four canopy tree species and two soil types with distinctly different hydrology and topographic position to parse patterns in chemistry and microbiota of the O-layer in a north-temperate deciduous forest. There were frequent strong effects of tree species. White ash frequently differed from the other trees: e.g., lower cation exchange capacity and exchangeable acidity, thinner Oi layer, lower %C and C:N, and, from phospholipid fatty acids, more AM fungi and less gram+ bacteria. These patterns, presumably due to species-specific attributes of leaf litter quality, root exudates, and microbial associations, must arise over decades, given that the stands in the study age between 85 and 100 years. We also found patterns in the O-layer related to underlying soil type, independent of tree species: e.g., Bh podzols, compared to Typical podzols, had higher trace metals, thicker Oa layer, and more AM fungi. Relations between mineral soil type and the organic layer, which were larger than expected, could arise because landscape features that influence hydrology and therefore soil formation over millennia also influence biogeochemistry of the organic layer over decades. It could also involve bioturbation by organisms across horizons. There is basic and applied value in models that can predict properties of the O-layer based on vegetation and soil types.
The effects of changing vegetative composition on the abundance, species diversity and activity of birds at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1997
This data package contains bird abundance data collected in plots that have had various plant functional groups or species experimentally removed at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. This data was collected in an effort to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, plant community functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on plant community function, including effects on animals. To make these distinctions, treatments were established by the selective removal of plant species or functional groups within experimental plots. There are eight treatments: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. Following treatments, bird abundance and habitat preference data was collected in 1997. This data set consists of plot number, treatment type, and time of bird presence by taxa and by habitat and behavior. This study is complete.
Supplementary material for "High semi-natural vegetation cover and heterogeneity of field sizes promote bird beta-diversity at larger scales in Ethiopian Highlands"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <ol> <li>The intensification of farming practices exerts detrimental effects on biodiversity. Most research has focused on declines in species richness at local scales (alpha-diversity) although species loss is exacerbated by biotic homogenization that operates at larger scales (i.e., affecting beta-diversity). The majority of studies have been conducted in temperate, industrialized countries while tropical areas remain poorly studied. Agricultural landscapes of sub-Saharan Africa are still largely dominated by small-scale subsistence farming, but strenuous efforts to intensify farming practices are currently spreading to meet a growing food demand. It is therefore crucial to understand how these intensified practices affect biodiversity to mitigate their negative impacts. </li> <li>We investigated how farming system (small- vs large-scale farming) and landscape complexity (semi-natural vegetation cover) drive bird species composition, community turnover, and beta-diversity patterns in Ethiopian Highlands’ agroecosystems. We evaluated the following hypotheses: (1) large-scale farming homogenizes bird communities, (2) community turnover is higher in small-scale farms, (3) interactive effects between landscape complexity and farming systems shape avian communities, (4) heterogeneity of field sizes increases community turnover at larger scales. </li> <li>Bird communities underwent greater compositional changes along the landscape complexity than along the agricultural intensity gradient. Contrary to our expectations, beta-diversity was not significantly lower within large-scale farms (no biotic homogenization), and complex landscapes that still offer a high amount of semi-natural vegetation promoted community turnover in both farming systems. </li> <li>Semi-natural vegetation cover mediated how avian communities responded to agricultural intensification: the compositional differences between small- and large-scale farms increased with vegetation cover, further promoting avian community heterogeneity at the landscape level.</li> <li>The heterogeneity in field sizes also enhanced bird community turnover, suggesting that a combination of both small- and large-scale farming systems within a given landscape unit would promote beta-diversity at larger scales, provided large-scale farms do not become dominant.</li> <li>Synthesis and applications: Landscape complexity shaped avian communities to a stronger degree than farming intensity, emphasizing the importance of semi-natural vegetation and landscape heterogeneity for the maintenance of diverse bird communities and for achieving multifunctional landscapes promoting biodiversity and associated ecosystem services on the High Ethiopian plateaus. <br> </li> </ol>
Maps of the diversity and distribution of Raunkiær's life forms in European vegetation
<p>This repository contains raster files (TIF format) with a 50 km × 50 km resolution (over UTM grid EPSG:32633), showcasing the diversity and distribution of Raunkiær’s life forms in European vegetation. The maps are based on two key metrics: (i) the proportion (%) of species within each life form and (ii) the diversity of life forms, including richness and evenness.</p> <p>To generate these maps, we averaged plot-level metric values across a comprehensive dataset comprising 546,501 vegetation plots sourced from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA; Project 163; <a href="https://euroveg.org" target="_new">https://euroveg.org</a>). These plots cover diverse habitats, including 173,190 forests, 260,884 grasslands, 52,517 scrubs, and 59,910 wetlands.</p> <p>The maps encompass the entire dataset, offering a visualization of the geographical distribution patterns of life forms across Europe. Additionally, we created habitat-specific maps by subsetting the dataset to explore unique patterns within each habitat type (forest, grassland, scrub, and wetland).</p> <p>Furthermore, we generated additional maps based on standardised effect sizes (SES) of diversity metrics. Through 500 species identity shuffles without replacement, specific to each habitat type, we examined the deviations from random expectations. SES values outside the range of -1.96 to 1.96 indicate significantly lower or higher metric values than expected at random, respectively. </p> <p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Folder name</strong></td> <td><strong>Description of TIF raster values</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>full.div</td> <td>Mean richness and evenness of life forms across all habitat types</td> </tr> <tr> <td>full.mean.rel.prop</td> <td>Mean proportion of each life form across all habitat types</td> </tr> <tr> <td>habitat.div</td> <td>Mean richness and evenness of life forms across separate habitat types (forest, grassland, scrub, and wetland)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>habitat.mean.rel.prop</td> <td>Mean proportion of each life form across separate habitat types (forest, grassland, scrub, and wetland)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SES.full.div</td> <td>Mean richness and evenness of life forms across all habitat types measured with standardized effect sizes (SES)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SES.full.mean.rel.prop</td> <td>Mean proportion of each life form across all habitat types measured with standardized effect sizes (SES)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SES.habitat.div</td> <td>Mean richness and evenness of life forms across separate habitat types (forest, grassland, scrub, and wetland) measured with standardized effect sizes (SES)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SES.habitat.mean.rel.prop</td> <td>Mean proportion of each life form across separate habitat types (forest, grassland, scrub, and wetland) measured with standardized effect sizes (SES)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br>Additional information is available in our publication:<br><br>Midolo, G., Axmanová, I., Divíšek, J., Dřevojan, P., Lososová, Z., Večeřa, M., Karger, D. N., Thuiller, W., Bruelheide, H., Aćić, S., Attorre, F., Biurrun, I., Boch, S., Bonari, G., Čarni, A., Chiarucci, A., Ćušterevska, R., Dengler, J., Dziuba, T., Garbolino, E., Jandt, U., Lenoir, J., Marcenò, C., Rūsiņa, S., Šibík, J., Škvorc, Ž., Stančić, Z., Stanišić-Vujačić, M., Svenning, J. C., Swacha, G., Vassilev, K., & Chytrý, M. (2024) Diversity and distribution of Raunkiær’s life forms in European vegetation.<em> Journal of Vegetation Science. </em>Accepted on the 10th of December 2023</p>
Vegetation and vantage point influence visibility across diverse ecosystems: implications for animal ecology
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Visual information can influence animal behavior and habitat use in diverse ways. Visibility is the property that relates 3D habitat structure to accessibility of visual information. Despite the importance of visibility in animal ecology, this property remains largely unstudied. Our objective was to assess how habitat structure from diverse environments and animal position within that structure can influence visibility. We gathered terrestrial lidar data (1 cm at 10 m) in four ecosystems (forest, shrub-steppe, prairie, and desert) to characterize viewsheds (i.e., estimates of visibility based on spatially explicit sightlines) from multiple vantage points. Both ecosystem-specific structure and animal position influenced potential viewsheds. Generally, as height of the vantage point above the ground increased, viewshed extent also increased, but the relationships were not linear.<span> </span>In low-structure ecosystems (prairie, shrub-steppe, and desert), variability in viewsheds decreased as vantage points increased to heights above the vegetation canopy. In the forest, however, variation in viewsheds was highest at intermediate heights, and markedly lower at the lowest and highest vantage points. These patterns are likely linked to the amount, heterogeneity, and distribution of vegetation structure occluding sightlines. Our work is the first to apply a new method that can be used to estimate viewshed properties relevant to animals (i.e., viewshed extent and variability). We demonstrate that these properties differ across terrestrial landscapes in complex ways that likely influence many facets of animal ecology and behavior.<span> </span></span></p>
Fig. 1. Sample completeness curve for a in Abundance and diversity of beneficial and pest arthropods in buckwheat on blueberry and vegetable farms in north Florida
Fig. 1. Sample completeness curve for a vegetable farm (dark shaded area, 38 samples) and blueberry farm (light shaded area, 19 samples) in Suwannee County, Florida. The solid line is the interpolated insect family-level richness and the dashed line is the extrapolated richness. The shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals. Sampling effort is standardized based on the sample completeness (the proportion of sampled families to predicted families) at each sampling level, with the circle representing final sampling completeness of 38 samples taken at the vegetable farm and the triangle representing final sampling completeness of 19 samples taken at the blueberry farm.
Fig. 6 in Diversity and spatial distribution of predacious Dolichopodidae (Insecta: Diptera) on organic vegetable fields and adjacent habitats in Brazil
Fig. 6. Grouping of assemblies Dolichopodidae flies in different habitats: vegetables, fallow, agroforestry, and native vegetation based on coefficient similarity (Bray-Curtis) on organic farms cultivating vegetables in the Federal District, Brazil.
Fig. 5 in Diversity and spatial distribution of predacious Dolichopodidae (Insecta: Diptera) on organic vegetable fields and adjacent habitats in Brazil
Fig. 5. Number of exclusive and shared (intersections) Dolichopodidae species in vegetable crops and fallow habitats, agroforestry, and native vegetation.
Fig. 2 in Diversity and spatial distribution of predacious Dolichopodidae (Insecta: Diptera) on organic vegetable fields and adjacent habitats in Brazil
Fig. 2. Mean abundance (± SE) of Dolichopodidae flies collected in different rural properties with vegetable crops, fallow, agroforestry, and native vegetation in the Federal District, Brazil.
Fig. 1 in Diversity and spatial distribution of predacious Dolichopodidae (Insecta: Diptera) on organic vegetable fields and adjacent habitats in Brazil
Fig. 1. Organic vegetable farms sampled in Ceilândia (I), Taguatinga (II), Paranoá (III), and Lamarão (IV), Federal District, Brazil.
Fig. 4 in Diversity and spatial distribution of predacious Dolichopodidae (Insecta: Diptera) on organic vegetable fields and adjacent habitats in Brazil
Fig. 4. Adjustment to the log normal distribution model of the Dolichopodidae assembly per habitat on organic farms producing vegetable in the Federal District, Brazil.
Fig. 3 in Diversity and spatial distribution of predacious Dolichopodidae (Insecta: Diptera) on organic vegetable fields and adjacent habitats in Brazil
Fig. 3. Distribution of relative abundance by species of Dolichopodidae flies collected on organic farms producing vegetables in the Federal District, Brazil.
Fig. 1. Location and vegetation types where small mammals were sampled between November 2012 and September 2013 in Small mammals from the lasting fragments of Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil: a study about richness and diversity
Fig. 1. Location and vegetation types where small mammals were sampled between November 2012 and September 2013, at Piraí do Sul National Forest, ParanÁ state, Brazil (A, Pine Plantation; B, Riparian Forest; C, Araucaria Plantation; D, Natural Regeneration forest; E, High Altitude forest). Original distribution of Atlantic Forest biome (light gray) and Araucaria forest (dark gray).
Fig. 2 in Bat Diversity In The Vegetation Mosaic Around A Lowland Dipterocarp Forest Of Borneo
Fig. 2. Species accumulation curves indicating the cumulative number of species encountered relative to the total number of individuals captured in each vegetation type.
Fig. 1 in Bat Diversity In The Vegetation Mosaic Around A Lowland Dipterocarp Forest Of Borneo
Fig. 1. Study area and location of census points in four vegetation types in and around Lambir Hills National Park. Inset: the location of Lambir Hills National Park, Borneo, indicated by an arrow.
VegAnn: Vegetation Annotation of a large multi-crop RGB Dataset acquired under diverse conditions for image segmentation
<p> VegAnn - Vegetation Annotation - dataset, a collection of 3795 multi-crop RGB images acquired for different phenological stages using different systems and platforms in diverse illumination conditions. </p>
Vegetation and vantage point influence visibility across diverse ecosystems: implications for animal ecology
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Vegetation cover and plant diversity on cold climate green roofs
<p>Both vegetation abundances and community compositions play important roles for the functions of green roofs (e.g. stormwater retention, habitat provision, aesthetic appearance). However, green roof vegetation can change significantly over time, which may consequently affect the functions related to them. This study investigated vascular plant covers and species compositions on 41 roof sections located in Sweden's subarctic and continental climate zones. For the roof sections with a known originally intended vascular plant composition (n=32), on average 24±9% of the intended species were present in surveys while unintended species made up 69±3% of the the species found. The Intended species dominated plant cover (93±3%) and <i>Sedum acre </i>(58±36% cover) was the most commonly found species. As revealed in previous studies, substrate depth had a positive relationship with plant cover and species richness. The vascular plant cover of the roofs in this study was not related to species richness as hypothesized but instead had a significant negative correlation with moss cover. The results in this study emphasize the importance of substrate depth for both plant abundance and species diversity, and that even in a cold climate, colonising unintended species can have a great contribution to the species richness of green roofs. However, since most colonising species formed sparse cover on the roofs, their potential benefit to green roof functions that benefit from a dense vegetation cover (e.g. stormwater management and thermal performance) could be limited while the intended vegetation performs these functions more effectively.</p>
Patch size and vegetation structure drive changes to mixed-species flock diversity and composition across a gradient of fragment sizes in the Western Andes of Colombia
<p>This data set represents a series of 502 mixed-species bird flock compositions, and derived taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity indices, that were gathered along a gradient of forest fragment sizes (range = 10-173 ha) in the Colombian Western Andes. We sampled mixed-species flocks using transect surveys along 14 transects in 8 fragments and a continuous forest reference site in the same landscape and at the same elevation (~1900-2200 m.a.s.l.). We also used buffer analysis to quantify the proportion of forest cover and forest edge within 1 km of each transect, and calculated local vegetation density and complexity, as well as distance from edge, for each 100-meter transect segment (<em>n</em> = 70 segments). Flock composition data observed on a transect were used to calculate overall species richness and flock size as well as two indices of functional and phylogenetic diversity; we calculated the stadardized effect size (SES) of each measure to account for the correlation between these measures and species richness. We also provide the raw counts of each species for each flock composition. These data were used for the analyses in Jones and Robinson (2020). </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.