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13 results for “vertical movement”
New Zealand Vertical land movement and sea rise projections
<p><strong>UPDATE from version v3: This update corrects a missing scenario (SSP3-7.0) with no VLM from the SLR projections tables. It also includes updated 0 entries for 2005 for both the VLM and noVLM projections.<br></strong></p> <p> </p> <p>This dataset provides the estimated vertical land movement around the New Zealand coast and associated sea rise projections described by Naish et al., 2024: </p> <p>Naish, T. et al. (2024) The significance of vertical land movements at convergent plate boundaries in probabilistic sea-level projections for AR6 scenarios: the New Zealand case. <em>Earth's Future</em></p> <p><em>README:</em></p> <p><strong>NZ SeaRise Data Description</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Users can download two data sets for selected sites: (1) Site details and (2) Sea level projections. A brief description of these data is included below.</p> <p>1. Site Details</p> <p>Provides location data and estimates of vertical land movement for each site.</p> <p>For the VLM file:</p> <p>id = site location</p> <p>Lon = longitude</p> <p>Lat = latitude</p> <p>Vertical Rate = average annual vertical velocity in mm/yr</p> <p>Vertical Rate BOP corrected (mm/yr) = average annual vertical velocity in mm/yr with a correction for a movement (see Hamling et al., 2016, Hamling et al., 2022) for details. <strong>NOTE: These are the vertical rates used for the sea level projections.</strong></p> <p>1-sigma uncertainty = Error estimate for vertical velocity in mm/yr</p> <p>Number of obs = Number of individual scatterers and/or GNSS used to estimate the vertical rate.</p> <p>QF = Quality factor for vertical velocity estimates of the land surface derived from InSAR data averaged for 2 km-spaced sites (1=good, 5=poor). This factor considers the number of observations available for each coastal location, the radial distance used to bin the observations and the distance to the nearest GNSS station. After selecting the optimal search radius, a distance weighted mean is calculated for of all the points with additional weight given to any available GNSS observations.</p> <p>Average distance between coastal point and observations =Average distance (in km) of all the points used to estimate the vertical rate from the coastal site indicated by the ID an lon, lat values.</p> <p>2. Sea level projections tables</p> <p>Provides sea level projections data for each site. Table ‘NZSeaRise_proj_novlm.csv’ provides projections without estimates of local VLM and table ‘NZSeaRise_proj_vlm.csv’ provides projections that include estimates of local VLM.</p> <p>Example download table:</p> <p> </p> <p>Confidence = identifies low or medium confidence projection</p> <p>siteId = site location</p> <p>year = Projection year (Common Era)</p> <p>0.17 = 17th percentile value</p> <p>0.50 = 50th percentile (mean) value</p> <p>0.83 = 83rd percentile value</p> <p>SSP ǀ scenario = Shared Socio-economic Pathway and relevant change in forcing at 2100 in W m<sup>2</sup></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology
<p>Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understanding their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Significant vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps towards incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasising the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements.</p>
Data from: Markov switching autoregressive models for interpreting vertical movement data with application to an endangered marine apex predator
1.Time series of animal movement obtained from bio-loggers are becoming widely used across all taxa. These data are nowadays of high quality, combining high resolution with precision, as the tags are able to collect for longer times and store larger quantities of data. Due to their nature, high-frequency data sequences often pose non-trivial problems in time series analysis: non-linearity, non-Normality, non-stationarity, and long memory. These issues can be tackled by modelling the data sequence as a realization of a stochastic regime switching process. 2. We suggest a novel Markov switching autoregressive model where the hidden Markov chain is non-homogeneous, with time-varying transition probabilities, whose dynamics depend on the dynamics of some contemporary categorical covariates. 3. To illustrate the use of the method, we apply it to the depth profiles of four individuals of flapper skate (Dipturus cf. intermedia) in order to identify swimming behaviours. Individual time series were obtained from data storage tags that recorded pressure every two minutes. The environmental covariates used were lunar phase (a proxy for the spring-neap tidal cycle), lunar cycle, and diel cycle. For all individuals two states (or regimes) were always selected (the autoregressive order was either three or four), representing different regimes of animal activity, i.e., state 1 for resting or horizontal swimming or slow vertical movement; state 2 for fast ascending and descending. The cycle of the four lunar phases was the only environmental covariate that explained the hidden state dynamics in all individuals, whereas lunar cycle was selected for two individuals and diel cycle for one only. 4. The method is an efficient approach to fit one-dimensional tag data using categorical environmental covariates, and to classify the observations into a small number of states representing individual behaviours of tagged individuals.
Middle Holocene relative sea-level changes and vertical tectonic crustal movements on Shikoku Island near the Nankai Trough, Japan
<p>The Philippine Sea plate subducts beneath the Eurasia plate at the Nankai Trough, northwestern Pacific, causing crustal deformation, mega-thrust earthquakes, and tsunami events. Shikoku Island, 150 km northwest of the trough, experiences both coseismic and interseismic deformation. Coastal sediments potentially record vertical crustal movements as relative sea level (RSL) changes. We studied sedimentary facies and microfossil ostracodes in core SKM from southwestern Shikoku Island for evidence of middle Holocene tsunami events and deformation. The core sediments included nine event layers corresponding to storm or tsunami events. Using modern analog techniques, we estimated RSLs from the ostracode assemblages of core SKM and 13 other cores from Shikoku Island and the surrounding region. Then, we subtracted RSL changes due to glacio-hydro isostatic adjustment from the estimated RSLs to estimate vertical tectonic movement rates in these cores between 8.6 and 4.7 ka. The inferred RSL changes suggest that the Sukumo site has experienced both uplift and subsidence since 8.6 ka. Before 6.6 ka, rates of the tectonic crustal movement were higher than the modern-day rate, and its spatial distribution also differed. After 6.6 ka, the tectonic crustal movement showed a similar spatial pattern and occurred at rates close to the modern-day interseismic rate. The spatial pattern and rates of tectonic crustal movement could be caused by changes in rupture areas between Eurasia and the Philippine Sea plates beneath Shikoku Island and in stress conditions of the asthenosphere. Some of the vertical displacements can be explained by the movements of local active faults.</p>
Data for: Linking vertical movements of large pelagic predators with distribution patterns of biomass in the open ocean
<p>Many predator species make regular excursions from near-surface waters to the twilight (200-1,000 m) and midnight (1,000-3,000 m) zones of the deep pelagic ocean. While the occurrence of significant vertical movements into the deep ocean has evolved independently across taxonomic groups, the functional role(s) and ecological significance of these movements remain poorly understood. Here, we integrate results from satellite tagging efforts with model-predictions of deep prey layers in the North Atlantic Ocean to determine if prey distributions are correlated with vertical habitat use across 12 species of predators. Using 3D movement data for 344 individuals that traversed nearly 1.5 million km of pelagic ocean in >42,000 days, we found that nearly every tagged predator frequented the twilight zone and many made regular trips to the midnight zone. Using a predictive model, we found clear alignment of predator depth use with the expected location of deep pelagic prey for at least half of the predator species. We compared high-resolution predator data with shipboard acoustics and selected representative matches that highlight the opportunities and challenges in the analysis and synthesis of these data. While not all observed behavior was consistent with estimated prey availability at depth, our results suggest that deep pelagic biomass likely has high ecological value for a suite of commercially important predators in the open ocean. Careful consideration of the disruption to ecosystem services provided by pelagic food webs is needed before the potential costs and benefits of proceeding with extractive activities in the deep ocean can be evaluated.</p>
Data from: Markov switching autoregressive models for interpreting vertical movement data with application to an endangered marine apex predator
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Middle Holocene relative sea-level changes and vertical tectonic crustal movements on Shikoku Island near the Nankai Trough, Japan
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Data for: Linking vertical movements of large pelagic predators with distribution patterns of biomass in the open ocean
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Data from: Horizontal and vertical movements of Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi): conservation implications of limited migration in a marine sanctuary
Despite the ecological and economic importance of the Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi), little data exist regarding the movements and habitat use of this predator across its range. We deployed 11 pop-up satellite archival tags on Caribbean reef sharks captured in the northeast Exuma Sound, The Bahamas, to assess their horizontal and vertical movements throughout the water column. Sharks showed high site fidelity to The Bahamas suggesting Bahamian subpopulations remain protected within the Bahamian Shark Sanctuary. Depth data indicate that Caribbean reef sharks spent a significant proportion (72–91%) of their time above 50 m in narrow vertical depth bands, which varied considerably on an individual basis. This may be indicative of high site fidelity to specific bathymetric features. Animals exhibited three broadly categorized sporadic off-bank excursions (more than 50 m excursions) down to a depth of 436.1 m, which were more frequent during the night. These deeper excursions during night may be indicative of foraging in relation to prey on mesophotic reefs, as well as diel-vertically migrating prey from the deeper meso- and bathypelagic zones. These vertical movements suggest that Caribbean reef sharks can be significant vectors of ecosystem connectivity further warranting holistic multi-system management and conservation approaches.
Data from: Reverse diel vertical movements of oceanic manta rays off the northern coast of Peru and implications for conservation
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Data from: Horizontal and vertical movements of Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi): conservation implications of limited migration in a marine sanctuary
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Perceptual simulation of vertical object movements in short narratives: Picture verification data from children aged 5 to 11 and adults
<p>With this investigation, we tried to establish if children and adults (<em>N</em> = 190) perceptually simulate vertical object movements during listening to short narratives. For this purpose, we employed a picture verification task: Participants listened to a narrative that ended with something moving up or down. After this, an animated picture was presented with the animation proceeding from the top or bottom to the center of the screen. Participants had to determine as quickly and accurately as possible whether the object was part of the narrative. Each participant completed 24 experimental trials, half of them were compatible (the movement featured in the narrative matched that implied by the narrative) the other half incompatible (they did not match). Shorter response times to compatible compared with incompatible trials were seen as an indicator of perceptual simulation. We further included a between-participant variation of modality: Participants in the auditory conditon merely listened to the narratives. In the audiovisual condition, the narratives were illustrated with colored hand-drawings.</p>
Present Crustal Vertical Movement of Dabie Mountain and Surrounding Area
<p>Data</p>
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