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Fig. 14 in The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae)

Fig. 14 Series of ultrathin sections through blind-ending coelomic duct adjacent to foregut (fg) from posterior to anterior in first segment in specimen #308. a Basal portion of coelomic duct with cilia (ci) built by two ciliated mesodermal cells m1 and m2 with nuclei (nm1, nm2); b larger duct with cilia (ci) surrounded by mesodermal cells m3 and one of the two ciliated mesodermal cells m2 with nucleus (nm2); c larger duct with cilia (ci) surrounded by mesodermal cells m3 and m4, nucleus of m3 (nm3); d anterior blind-ending of small duct with a few cilia (ci) surrounded by several mesodermal cells (m 4-7) partly with nuclei (nm 5-7)

Fig. 11 in The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae)

Fig. 11 Midgut (a–d), hindgut (d, e), anus (f); specimen #308. a, d Midgut cells with large vesicles (ve) basally and nuclei (n) apically close to the microvilli (mv), and cilia (ci) bordering the gut lumen (lu); hindgut (hg); b bacteria (ba) and diatom shell (ds) in gut lumen; c bacteria (ba) and myelin structures (my) suggesting degradation in midgut cell; e hindgut cell with nucleus (n) and dense ciliary border (ci); f terminal anus (a)

Fig. 8 in The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae)

Fig. 8 Serial ultrathin sections of uncinus not extending above cuticle of specimen #308. a, b Uncinus with capitium (ca), subrostral process (sp) surrounded by epidermis cell with nucleus (ne1); c, d uncinus with capitium (ca), subrostral process (sp), epidermis cell with nucleus (ne1) surrounded by follicle cell with nuclei (nf1); e, f chaetoblast with nucleus (nc) and manubrium (ma), surrounded by follicle cells (nf1, nf2); g, h chaetoblast with nucleus (nc), granules (gr), and microvilli (mv) shaping the manubrium

Fig. 7 in The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae)

Fig. 7 Uncini (un) of a aposymbiotic metatrochophore with midgut (mg) and b juvenile with trophosome in semithin sections. Green autofluorescence; blue DAPI staining of host nuclei and bacteria (ba) other than symbionts outside of host; pink symbiontspecific probe staining symbionts in trophosome (tr)

Fig. 13 in The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae)

Fig. 13 Mesoderm in specimen #308. a Mesoblastem (me) in anterior region of first segment with foregut (fg); b epitheliomuscle cells in visceral mesoderm (mu) adjacent to foregut (fg) in region of coelomic ducts in first segment, c peritoneal cells in visceral mesoderm (me), adjacent midgut (mg), and d hindgut (hg); e cross section through foregut area in middle region of first segment with epidermis (e), longitudinal muscles (mu), dorsal mesentery with dorsal blood vessel (dv), peritoneum (me) surrounding the foregut (fg); f detail of coelomic cavity of first (c1) and second segment (c2) with septum of two opposing layers of epithelio-muscle cells (mu); g coelomic cavity of second (c2) and third segment (c3) with septum of two layers of undifferentiated mesoblastem, arrow points to thin posterior part of mesoblastem surrounding coelomic cavity of segment 3

Fig. 10 in The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae)

Fig. 10 Mouth opening (a, b) and foregut (c–e), all micrographs specimen #308, except c specimen #675. a Mouth opening (mo) with cilia and unknown material in lumen; b detail of cilia (ci), microvilli (mv), and basal bodies (bb) in mouth opening; c clia lining the anteriormost part of foregut in buccal cavity (bu); d foregut cell with nucleus (n), rER (rer), numerous granules (gr), cilia (ci), and microvilli (mv); e detail of cilia (ci), basal bodies (bb), and microvilli (mv)

Fig. 6 in The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae)

Fig. 6 Glandular structures of specimen #308. a pyriform gland with several gland cells containing nuclei (ng), rER, and apical microvilli (mv) facing lumen (lu); b, c single gland cell in epidermis with e-dense granules (gr) and nucleus (ng), apically with microvilli (mv)

Fig. 5 in The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae)

Fig. 5 Apical organ of specimen #308 in cross section from anterior to posterior. a, b Three collar receptors (1-3); c, d dendrites of three collar receptors (1-3) and one gland cell (g); e gland cell (g) and cell bodies with nuclei (n1-3) of three collar receptors; f gland cell (g); g nucleus (ng) of gland cell

Fig. 4 in The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae)

Fig. 4 Epidermis and trochi, all #308 except c, f, g #675. a Epidermis containing nucleus (n) and mitochondria (mi), with thin cuticle (cu) and microvilli (arrow) above which bacteria (ba) are located; ECM of epidermis adjacent to longitudinal muscles (mu); b detail of cuticle with epicuticle (ec) and microvilli and basal cuticle (bc); c bacteria (ba) on and in tube; d prototroch (pr) with trochoblast and nuclei (n), mitochondria (mi), and tonofilaments (tf), adjacent mesoderm with nuclei (nm) with ECM (arrows); e cilia of prototroch with basal bodies (bb) and rootlet (ro), in between microvilli (mv) and thin cuticle; f neurotroch (nr); g cilia of neutroch with basal bodies (bb) and rootlets (ro), in between microvilli (mv) and thin cuticle

Fig. 1 in The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae)

Fig. 1 Schematic drawings of metatrochophores of specimens #542 (a), #308 (b), #675 (c). Body composed of prostomium (p) containing brain (b) and apical organ (ao) in b; peristomium (pe), ring-like area including mouth and prototroch (pr); segment 1 (s1) with neutroch (nr), tentacles (te) with sensory organ (ste), and uncini; segment 2 (s2) with uncini; segment 3 (s3) in specimen b and c; white, transient digestive system with mouth, foregut (fg), midgut (mg), hindgut (hg), and anus (a); black, trophosome (tr); dark grey, mesoderm; medium grey, ectoderm; light grey, coelomic cavities

Fig. 2 in The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae)

Fig. 2 Cross sections of ultrathin series from anterior to posterior, left ventral, right dorsal; specimen #308. a, b Prostomium with brain (nec) and unpaired, small coelomic cavity (asterisk) peristomium (pe) with prototroch (pr); two dorsally located tentacles (te); c prostomium with unpaired, small coelomic cavity (asterisk) between trochoblasts of prototroch, mouth opening (mo), brain (b) with neuropil; two tentacles (te); d first segment with foregut (fg), mesoderm (me) and mesoderm of tentacles (mte); e first segment with foregut (fg) ventral (vv) and dorsal blood vessel (dv), pyriform gland (py), mesoderm (me), somatic muscle cells (mu); f first segment with transition from foregut (fg) to midgut (mg) and ventral blood vessel (vv); g first and second segment with uncini (un), foregut (fg) and midgut (mg); h first to third segment (s1-s3) with midgut (mg) and hindgut (hg), pyriform gland (py); i first to third segment with anus (a), midgut (mg), and dorsal blood vessel (dv)

Fig. 12 Tentacles. a in The metatrochophore of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent vestimentiferan (Polychaeta: Siboglinidae)

Fig. 12 Tentacles. a Longitudinal ultrathin section of distal tentacle in specimen #675 with coelomic cavity (ct) surrounded by myoepithelial cells (mte), parts of prototroch (pr) ventral to tentacle; b–e series of ultrathin sections through region of connection between mesoderm of tentacles and first segment of specimen #308; arrows point to ECM of mesoderm; b epithelio-muscle cells (mu) surrounded by epidermis in tentacle; c solid mesoderm strand (mte) surrounded by epidermis in tentacle; d, e merging of mesoderm of first segment (m1) with mesoderm of tentacle (mte), foregut (fg)

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Data from: Molecular study of bacterial diversity within the trophosome of the vestimentiferan tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae

A large proportion of the faunal biomass in hydrothermal vent ecosystems relies on symbiotic relationships, with bacteria as a source of nutrition. Whereas multiple symbioses have been observed in diverse vent hosts, siboglinid tubeworms have been thought to harbour a single endosymbiont phylotype affiliated to the Gammaproteobacteria. In the case of the Northeast Pacific vestimentiferan Ridgeia piscesae, two previous studies suggested the presence of more than one symbiont. The possibility of multiple, and possibly habitat-specific, symbionts in R. piscesae provided a potential explanation for the tubeworm's broad ecological niche, compared with other hydrothermal vent siboglinids. This study further explored the diversity of trophosome bacteria in R. piscesae using two methodological approaches not yet applied to this symbiosis. We carried out 454-pyrosequencing on trophosome samples from 46 individual worms and used catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) to verify the presence of the major groups detected in the pyrotag data. Both methods yielded inconsistent and sometimes contradictory results between sampling sites, and neither provided irrefutable evidence for the presence of symbionts other than the expected Gammaproteobacteria. We therefore conclude that the other adaptive mechanisms must be considered to explain the broad physico-chemical niche occupied by the different growth forms of R. piscesae.

FIGURE 5. A in Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., a new vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from Sagami Bay and several sites in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 5. A, plaques on vestimentum; B, plaques on trunk of holotype in grey scale. Scale bar = 100 µm (A, B).

FIGURE 3 in Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., a new vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from Sagami Bay and several sites in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 3. Tubes of Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., paratypes. Arrow indicates for the anterior end of the tube. JAMSTEC No. 26480−26483. Scale bars = 50 mm (A, B, C).

FIGURE 4 in Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., a new vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from Sagami Bay and several sites in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 4. Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., holotype. A, anterior region, ventral view; B, anterior region, dorsal view; C, vestimental region, ventral view; D, whole specimen, dorsal view. Scale bars = 5 mm (A, B); 10 mm (C, D).

FIGURE 2 in Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., a new vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from Sagami Bay and several sites in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 2. Field photographs of Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov. with Alaysia sp. in the cold seep area off Hatsushima. A, Taken during the dive when the holotype was collected, NT08–25 cruise of RV Natsushima dive HPD#0928; B, Many branchial plumes of L. sagami sp. nov. were popping out of tubes. Taken during the NT06–23 cruise of RV Natsushima dive HPD#636. Anterior tube diameter of L. sagami sp. nov. are approximately 10 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., a new vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from Sagami Bay and several sites in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov. around Japan. Stars, Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov. examined in this study; circles, L. sagami sp. nov.; Open symbols stand for cold seep area; closed symbols stand for hydrothermal vent fields (Fujikura et al. 2008).

opennotspecifiedJun 2002View details →

FIG. 6 in Vestimentiferans (Pogonophora) in the PaciŽc and Indian Oceans: a new genus from Lihir Island (Papua New Guinea) and the Java Trench, with the Žrst report of Arcovestia ivanovi from the North Fiji Basin

FIG. 6. Paraescarpia echinospica gen. nov., sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs: (A) opisthosoma (#3); (B) opisthosomal chaetae; (C) symbiotic bacteria in cells of the trophosome (arrow marks cell membrane); (D) spermatozoa in genital duct (# 1).