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52 results for “virus species”
Soil nitrogen and phosphorus effects on plant virus density, transmission, and species interactions
This data package includes data and code from an experiment testing the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on interactions between two grass viruses (BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV). Data include virus density within oats (Avena sativa) and transmission of viruses to a second set of oats. Data were collected by Amy E. Kendig and collaborators between February 2014 and August 2014 at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul Minnesota, USA. Experiments were performed in growth chambers, virus density data were obtained using one-step reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and transmission data were obtained using RT-PCR. The code includes statistical analyses and figures. Model objects created through statistical analyses are also included. The code was run using R (version 3.5.2).
Fig. 3 in Molecular characterization of the re-emerging West Nile virus in avian species and equids in Israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease
Fig. 3 Brain histopathology of WNV-infected horses. Perivascular cuffs composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the brain of two horses, characteristic of viral encephalitis (marked by arrows). a Horse no. Eq111 (324085). b Horse no. Eq117 (325903). 100× magnification
Fig. 2 in Molecular characterization of the re-emerging West Nile virus in avian species and equids in Israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease
Fig. 2 Brain histopathology of WNV-infected long-eared owl (Asio otus) AV156. a A glial nodule in the brain stem (marked by an arrow). 100× magnification. b A glial nodule in the brain stem with few adjacent necrotic neurons, 400× magnification
A plant virus differentially alters DNA methylation in two cryptic species of a hemipteran vector
<p>This study investigated DNA methylation patterns in two cryptic species (B and Q) of the sweet potato whitefly, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius), following the acquisition of the tomato yellow curl virus, a single-stranded DNA virus. The methylation levels in genomic features such as promoters, gene bodies, and transposable elements in both cryptic species were described in this study. While overall trends were found to be similar, specific differences in methylation levels were observed. Virus-induced differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were associated with different genes in each cryptic species and were negatively correlated with differential gene expression. These DMRs were analyzed for changes in gene expression and alternative splicing, revealing clusters of hyper- and hypomethylated genes related to virus-vector interactions, immune functions, and detoxification processes. These methylation differences may help explain the distinct biological and physiological traits observed between the B and Q cryptic species.</p>
Fig. 1 in Thrips species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Brazilian papaya (Brassicales: Caricaceae) orchards as potential virus vectors
Fig. 1. Location of the 20 papaya orchards sampled in the main Brazilian papaya-producing and -exporting region, Espírito Santo State, Brazil.
Fig. 4 in Molecular characterization of the re-emerging West Nile virus in avian species and equids in Israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease
Fig. 4 Replication of yellow-legged seagull-derived WNV in Vero and C6/36 cells. Cytopathic effect (left) was observed after one passage in both cell lines. The control cells (right) were grown under the same conditions. Scale-bars: 100 µM
Fig. 5 in Molecular characterization of the re-emerging West Nile virus in avian species and equids in Israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease
Fig. 5 Phylogenetic analysis of West Nile viruses (WNVs) from avian and equine hosts studied in Israel during 2016 and 2018. The analysis was conducted on a nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding the capsid, pre-membrane protein, and membrane protein, using the neighbor-joining method implemented in MEGA X software. The robustness of branching pattern was tested by 1000 bootstrap replications. The rates among sites algorithm used was gamma distribution with invariant sites (G+I). The bar denotes 0.02 nucleotide substitutions per site. Lineage 1 and 2 reference strains are present with country and year of isolation. The GenBank annotated sequences are underlined and the sequences obtained in this study (during 2016 and 2018) are marked with rectangles
A plant virus differentially alters DNA methylation in two cryptic species of a hemipteran vector
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RNA sequences for Aedes species, Dengue, and Chikungunya viruses
<p>There are arthropod-borne disease outbreaks as a result of pathogen influx including arboviruses which are transmitted by strains of <em>Aedes</em> species that occur periodically in varying spots on the globe. The aim of this study was to determine phylogenetic relationship of <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes, Dengue, and Chikungunya viruses along the Coastline of Kenya based on sequences of:</p> <ol> <li>mitochondria nicotinamide adenine dehydrogenase sub unit 4 gene for Aedes species.</li> <li>non-structural protein 5 gene for Dengue virus</li> <li>non-structural protein 1 gene for Chikungunya virus</li> </ol>
Data from: Landscapes with higher crop diversity have lower aphid species richness but higher plant virus prevalence
<p>Diversifying agricultural systems by growing more than one crop species in an area can decrease pest and disease pressure and increase crop yields. However, there is a lack of information on how crop diversity at larger spatial scales influences pest and disease pressure. Here, we investigated how landscape-scale crop diversity affects aphid vector communities and prevalence of non-persistently transmitted potato virus Y (PVY). To test the influence of landscape-scale crop diversity on PVY prevalence and aphid communities, we conducted a field study during the 2020 and 2021 field seasons in the San Luis Valley, Colorado where we quantified aphid communities and PVY incidence at multiple sites. We then determined the association of aphid species richness and abundance and PVY incidence with landscape variables (crop diversity metrics and percentage cover of crop species) within 1, 2 and 3 km buffers from study sites. Higher crop diversity (measured as Shannon diversity index) led to decreased aphid species richness at a 3 km buffer in the 2021 field season. Percentage of alfalfa was positively associated with aphid species richness in 2020 and aphid abundance in 2021 within a 1 km buffer. Higher crop diversity led to increased PVY incidence at a 2 km buffer in 2021 and 3 km buffer in 2020 and 2021. At a 3 km buffer in 2021, we found a positive influence of crop species richness on PVY incidence and a negative influence of crop species evenness on PVY incidence. Also in 2021, we found a positive influence of percentage of potato (virus host) on PVY incidence and a negative influence of percentage of barley (virus non-host) on PVY incidence.</p> <p><strong>Synthesis and applications:</strong> In summary, we found that landscape-scale crop diversity impacts plant virus prevalence at spatial scales of >1 km. This suggests that potato growers could reduce PVY prevalence by geographically isolating potato fields from other potato or other PVY-hosts. Crop diversity had a negative influence on aphid vector communities so growers could reduce risk of virus spread by aphid vectors by using certified potato seed in a diversified landscape.</p>
Fig. 1 in Molecular characterization of the re-emerging West Nile virus in avian species and equids in Israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease
Fig. 1 Meningeal and brain tissue hemorrhages in WNV-infected long eared owl (Asio otus) AV156
Table 2 in Molecular characterization of the re-emerging West Nile virus in avian species and equids in Israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease
<p><b>Table 2</b> Pathological findings and calculated viral genome copies of WNV-positive avian species</p><table><thead><tr><th>Bird no.</th><th>Species</th><th>Common name</th><th>Sequencing</th><th>Isolation</th><th>Tissues tested and calculated target copies per reaction</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>AV148</th><td><i>Larus michahellis</i></td><td>Yellow legged seagull</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Cloacal swab: 5.8×10 6; brain: 2.8×10 6; kidney: 1.2×10 7</td></tr><tr><th>AV152</th><td><i>Anser anser</i></td><td>Domesticated goose</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Cloacal swab:9.7×10 5; brain 3.3× 10 5; kidney: 4700; eye swab: 1.3× 10 6</td></tr><tr><th>AV153</th><td><i>Anser anser</i></td><td>Domesticated goose</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Cloacal swab: 6.8×10 5; brain: 1.2×10 7; viscera: 6.8× 10 5</td></tr><tr><th>AV156</th><td><i>Asio otus</i></td><td>Long eared owl</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td><td>Cloacal swab: 6.8×10 5; brain: 2.6×10 4; viscera: 4.9× 10 7</td></tr><tr><th>AV157</th><td><i>Asio otus</i></td><td>Long eared owl</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td><td>Cloacal swab: 6.8×10 5; brain: 5800; kidney: 360; eye swab: 50</td></tr><tr><th>AV169</th><td><i>Corvus cornix</i></td><td>Hooded crow</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td><td>Cloacal swab: 4700; blood: 1100</td></tr><tr><th>AV178</th><td><i>Phasianus colchicus</i></td><td>Common pheasant</td><td>No</td><td>No</td><td>Brain: 4700</td></tr><tr><th>1459</th><td><i>Corvus cornix</i></td><td>Hooded crow</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td><td>Cloacal swab: 2300</td></tr><tr><th>1505</th><td><i>Corvus cornix</i></td><td>Hooded crow</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td><td>Brain: 4700</td></tr><tr><th>1514</th><td><i>Corvus cornix</i></td><td>Hooded crow</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Brain: 9.9× 10 7</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 1 in Molecular characterization of the re-emerging West Nile virus in avian species and equids in Israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease
<p><b>Table 1</b> Details of the examined WNV-positive avian species</p><table><thead><tr><th>Bird no.</th><th>Species</th><th>Date</th><th>Neurological signs</th><th>Intracranial haemorrhages</th><th>Location</th><th>Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>AV148</th><td><i>Larus michahellis</i>, yellow legged seagull</td><td>18 July 2018</td><td>Unknown</td><td>+</td><td>Tel-Aviv</td><td>Found dead</td></tr><tr><th>AV152</th><td><i>Anser anser domesticus</i>, domesticated goose</td><td>18 July 2018</td><td>+</td><td>+</td><td>Burgata a</td><td>Found dead in petting zoo</td></tr><tr><th>AV153</th><td><i>Anser anser domesticus</i>, domesticated goose</td><td>18 July 2018</td><td>Unknown</td><td>+</td><td>Burgata a</td><td>Found dead in petting zoo</td></tr><tr><th>AV156</th><td><i>Asio otus</i>, long eared owl</td><td>18 July 2018</td><td>Unknown</td><td>+</td><td>Hadid</td><td>Hospitalized and died</td></tr><tr><th>AV157</th><td><i>Asio otus</i>, long eared owl</td><td>18 July 2018</td><td>Unknown</td><td>+</td><td>Ramat Razi’el</td><td>Found dead</td></tr><tr><th>AV169</th><td><i>Corvus cornix</i>, hooded crow</td><td>18 August 2018</td><td>+</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Rishon Letzion</td><td>Found neurological and died within 24 h</td></tr><tr><th>AV178</th><td><i>Phasianus colchicus</i>, common pheasant</td><td>18 August 2018</td><td>Unknown</td><td>+</td><td>Burgata a</td><td>Found dead in petting zoo</td></tr><tr><th>1459</th><td><i>Corvus cornix</i>, hooded crow</td><td>18 October 2018</td><td>−</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Tel-Aviv</td><td>Healthy bird in quarantine</td></tr><tr><th>1505</th><td><i>Corvus cornix</i>, hooded crow</td><td>18 October 2018</td><td>Unknown</td><td>+</td><td>Tel-Aviv</td><td>Found dead</td></tr><tr><th>1514</th><td><i>Corvus cornix</i>, hooded crow</td><td>18 October 2018</td><td>+</td><td>Unknown</td><td>Tel-Aviv</td><td>Found sick, died in hospital</td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup>a</sup> Same petting zoo</p><p><i>KEy</i>: +, characteristic WNF neurological signs observed;−, no characteristic WNF neurological signs observed</p>
Table 3 in Molecular characterization of the re-emerging West Nile virus in avian species and equids in Israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease
<p><b>Table 3</b> Details and calculated viral genome copies of WNF-positive equids</p><table><thead><tr><th>Animal no.</th><th>Species</th><th>Date</th><th>Location</th><th>Tissues tested and calculated target copies per reaction</th><th>Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Eq111 324085</th><td>Horse 1 (2-years-old)</td><td>18 June 2018</td><td>Kfar Shmu’el</td><td>Spleen: negative; brain: 2290</td><td>Euthanized</td></tr><tr><th>Eq115 325209</th><td>Donkey 1 (30-years-old)</td><td>18 July 2018</td><td>Gan Yoshyia</td><td>Brain: 550; spinal cord, CSF,spleen: all negative</td><td>Euthanized</td></tr><tr><th>Eq117 325903</th><td>Horse 2 (11-years-old)</td><td>18 July 2018</td><td>Kfar Truman</td><td>Cerebellum: 550; medulla: 4670; cervical spinal cord: 1990; thoracic spinal cord: 310;lumbar spinal cord: 680; spleen: negative; serum: negative</td><td>Euthanized</td></tr><tr><th>Eq142 333326</th><td>Horse 3 (20- years-old)</td><td>18 October 2018</td><td>Kfar Sirkin</td><td>NS2A probe: cerebellum: 4000; medulla: 56,400</td><td>Euthanized</td></tr></tbody></table>
A geopositioned, evidence-graded, pan-species compendium of Mayaro Virus occurrence
<div> <div> <p>Mayaro Virus (MAYV) is an emerging health threat in the Americas that can cause febrile illness as well as debilitating arthralgia or arthritis. To better understand the geographic distribution of MAYV risk, we developed a georeferenced database of MAYV occurrence based on peer-reviewed literature and unpublished reports. Here we present this compendium, which includes both point and polygon locations linked to occurrence data documented from its discovery in 1954 until 2022. In the associated data descriptor manuscript (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.07.23286930">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.07.23286930</a>), we describe all methods used to develop the database including data collection, georeferencing, management, and quality-control. We also describe a customized grading system used to assess the quality of each study included in our review. The result is a comprehensive, evidence-graded database of confirmed MAYV occurrence in humans, non-human animals, and arthropods to-date, containing 262 geo-positioned occurrences in total. This database – which can be updated over time – may be useful for local spill-over risk assessment, epidemiological modelling to understand key transmission dynamics and drivers of MAYV spread, as well as identification of major surveillance gaps.</p> </div> </div>
Data from: Varietal and intrafamilial species diversity influence aphid and yellow dwarf virus pressure within mixtures of wheat and barley
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A geopositioned, evidence-graded, pan-species compendium of Mayaro Virus occurrence
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Environmental and meteorological data from: A habitat suitability analysis for three Culicoides species implicated in bluetongue virus transmission in the Southeastern United States
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Lemon zinc finger protein ClSUP induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and inhibits citrus yellow vein-clearing virus infection via interactions with ClDOF3.4
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Bumble bees and honey bees on islands harbour reduced viral species richness, yet honey bee populations are dominated by a deformed wing virus recombinant
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