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11 results for “visual pigments”
Data from: Visual pigment chromophore usage in Nicaraguan Midas cichlids: Phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation of cyp27c1 expression
<p>Code and Data associated with "Visual pigment chromophore usage in Nicaraguan Midas cichlids: Phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation of <em>cyp27c1</em> expression"</p> <h2><span>Abstract</span></h2> <p><span>The wide-ranging photic conditions found across aquatic habitats may act as selective pressures potentially driving rapid evolution and diversity in the visual system of teleost fishes. Fine-tuning of visual sensitivities in many fish species relies on regulating the two components of visual pigments, the opsin protein and the chromophore. Many studies have focused on opsin gene expression or opsin sequence divergence in fishes inhabiting contrasting habitats. However, variation in chromophore usage across photic habitats has received less attention. Species from the Nicaraguan Midas cichlid complex, <em>Amphilophus </em>cf <em>citrinellus </em>[Günther 1864], have independently colonized seven isolated crater lakes of varying photic conditions resulting in repeated examples of small adaptive radiations. Here, we investigate variation in <em>cyp27c1</em>, the main enzyme involved in chromophore exchange, in response to photic environments in the wild, we measure its genetic component using laboratory-reared fish and test the effect of different rearing light conditions on <em>cyp27c1</em> expression. We found that photic environments significantly predict variation in <em>cyp27c1</em> expression in wild populations and that this variation seems to be genetically assimilated in two populations. We found that light-induced <em>cyp27c1</em> expression is variable across populations (i.e., genotype-by-environment interactions) and correlated with local photic conditions thus highlighting <em>cyp27c1</em> as a key factor of visual ecology in cichlid fishes.</span></p> <p><span>Keywords: <em>cyp27c1 </em>gene expression, sensory ecology, visual plasticity, Neotropical cichlids </span></p>
Effect of the Pigment-free Optical Zone Diameter of Decorative Tinted Soft Contact Lenses on Visual Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02537275. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Augmented Macular Pigment-containing Nutraceutical and Central Visual Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04676126. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 30.
Effects of Lutein Supplementation on Macular Pigment Optical Density and Visual Acuity in Patients With Age-related Macular Degeneration
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00879671. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Pigment molecular composition reveals significant information for visual communication
<p>1. Melanins are the most common pigments in vertebrates and, as such, fufill multiple adaptive functions, including honest signaling. This is the case of male pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca, whose dorsal plumage, composed of black and grey feathers pigmented by eumelanin, is sexually selected by females regarding the proportion of black.</p> <p>2. However, the basis of such mating preferences and other associations with life-history traits are unknown. </p> <p>3. Here I take advantage of recent advances in Raman spectroscopy analysis to investigate the monomeric composition of eumelanin, constituted by 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) subunits, in male pied flycatchers. </p> <p>4. I found that plumage blackness (percentage of dorsal black feathers) increases with the DHICA:DHI ratio of the constituent black freathers, but not with that of grey feathers. The repeatability of DHICA:DHI measurements in black feathers is two times that in grey feathers. </p> <p>5. Eumelanin chemistry may thus constitute the basis of signal honesty in pied flycatchers, as females preferentially mate with males with higher relative DHICA feather contents and this may be related to the lower pro-oxidant effect of DHICA. Given the the ubiquitous nature of melanin-based pigmentation phenotypes, the monomeric composition of eumelanin should therefore be considered, instead of eumelanin as a whole, for a better understanding of how and why phenotypes are linked to life-history traits in animals.</p>
Data from: Opsins in Onychophora (velvet worms) suggest a single origin and subsequent diversification of visual pigments in arthropods
<p>Multiple visual pigments, prerequisites for color vision, are found in arthropods, but the evolutionary origin of their diversity remains obscure. In this study, we explore the opsin genes in five distantly related species of Onychophora, using deep transcriptome sequencing and screening approaches. Surprisingly, our data reveal the presence of only one opsin gene (<em>onychopsin</em>) in each onychophoran species, and our behavioral experiments indicate a maximum sensitivity of onychopsin to blue–green light. In our phylogenetic analyses, the onychopsins represent the sister group to the monophyletic clade of visual r-opsins of arthropods. These results concur with phylogenomic support for the sister-group status of the Onychophora and Arthropoda and provide evidence for monochromatic vision in velvet worms and in the last common ancestor of Onychophora and Arthropoda. We conclude that the diversification of visual pigments and color vision evolved in arthropods, along with the evolution of compound eyes—one of the most sophisticated visual systems known.</p>
Macular Pigment and Visual Performance in Glaucoma Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03959592. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Visual Function and Ocular Pigmentation in Albinism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00001153. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Opsins in Onychophora (velvet worms) suggest a single origin and subsequent diversification of visual pigments in arthropods
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Data from: Visual pigment evolution in Characiformes: The dynamic interplay of teleost whole-genome duplication, surviving opsins and spectral tuning
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Data from: Pigment molecular composition reveals significant information for visual communication
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