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31 results for “visual sensitivity”
Spectral sensitivity transition in the compound eyes of a twilight-swarming mayfly and its visual ecological implications
<p>Aquatic insect species that leave the water after larval development, such as mayflies, have to deal with extremely different visual environments in their different life stages. Measuring the spectral sensitivity of the compound eyes of the virgin mayfly (Ephoron virgo) resulted in differences between the sensitivity of adults and larvae. Larvae were primarily green-, while adults were mostly UV-sensitive. The sensitivity of adults and larvae were the same in the UV, but in the green spectral range, adults were 3.3 times less sensitive than larvae. Transmittance spectrum measurements of larval skins covering the eye showed that the removal of exuvium during emergence cannot explain the spectral sensitivity change of the eyes. Taking numerous sky spectra from the literature, the ratio of UV and green photons in the skylight was shown to be maximal for θ ≈ − 13° solar elevation, which is in the θmax = -14.7° and θmin = -7.1° typical range of swarming that was established from webcam images of real swarmings. We suggest that spectral sensitivity of both the larval and adult eyes are adapted to the optical environment of the corresponding life stages.</p>
Data for: Probing visual sensitivity and attention in mice using reverse correlation
<p>Visual attention allows the brain to evoke behaviors based on the most important visual features. Mouse models offer immense potential to gain a circuit-level understanding of this phenomenon, yet, how mice distribute attention across features and locations is not well understood. Here, we describe a new approach to address this limitation, by training mice to detect weak vertical bars in a background of checkerboard noise while spatial cues manipulated their attention. By adapting a reverse correlation method from human studies, we linked behavioral decisions to stimulus features and locations. We show that mice voluntarily deploy attention to a small rostral region of the visual field. Within this region, mice attended to multiple features (orientation, spatial frequency, contrast) that indicated the presence of weak vertical bars. This attentional tuning grew with training, multiplicatively scaled behavioral sensitivity, approached that of an ideal observer, and resembled the effects of attention in humans. Taken together, we demonstrate that mice can simultaneously attend to multiple features and locations of a visual stimulus.</p>
Data for: Probing visual sensitivity and attention in mice using reverse correlation
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Spectral sensitivity transition in the compound eyes of a twilight-swarming mayfly and its visual ecological implications
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Visual sensitivity for luminance and chromatic stimuli during the execution of smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements
<p>Dataset relative to the following publication:</p> <p>Braun, D. I., Schütz, A. C., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2017). Visual sensitivity for luminance and chromatic stimuli during the execution of smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements. Vision Research</p>
Semantic audio-visual congruence modulates visual sensitivity to biological motion across awareness levels
<p>This repository contains all experimental scripts, analysis and data files for the manuscript "Semantic audio-visual congruence modulates visual sensitivity to biological motion across awareness levels".</p>
Data for: Long-wavelength-sensitive (lws) opsin gene expression, foraging and visual communication in coral reef fishes
<p>Coral reef fishes are diverse in ecology and behaviour and show remarkable colour variability. Investigating the visual pigment gene (opsin) expression in these fishes makes it possible to associate their visual genotype and phenotype (spectral sensitivities) to visual tasks, such as feeding strategy or conspecific detection. By studying all major damselfish clades (Pomacentridae) and representatives from five other coral reef fish families, we show that the long-wavelength-sensitive (<em>lws</em>) opsin is highly expressed in algivorous and less or not expressed in zooplanktivorous species. <em>Lws</em> is also upregulated in species with orange/red colours (reflectance >520 nm) and expression is highest in orange/red-coloured algivores. Visual models from the perspective of a typical damselfish indicate that sensitivity to longer wavelengths does enhance the ability to detect the red to far-red component of algae and orange/red-coloured conspecifics, possibly enabling social signalling. Character state reconstructions indicate that in the early evolutionary history of damselfishes, there was no <em>lws</em> expression and no orange/red coloration. Omnivory was most often the dominant state. Although herbivory was sometimes dominant, zooplanktivory was never dominant. Sensitivity to long wavelength (increased <em>lws</em> expression) only emerged in association with algivory but never with zooplanktivory. Higher <em>lws</em> expression is also exploited by social signalling in orange/red, which emerged after the transition to algivory. Although the relative timing of traits may deviate by different reconstructions and alternative explanations are possible, our results are consistent with sensory bias whereby social signals evolve as a correlated response to natural selection on sensory system properties in other contexts.</p>
Visualizing Vascular Mechanisms of Salt Sensitivity
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03696433. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data for: Long-wavelength-sensitive (lws) opsin gene expression, foraging and visual communication in coral reef fishes
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Data from: Rapid light-induced shifts in opsin expression: finding new opsins, discerning mechanisms of change, and implications for visual sensitivity
Light induced shifts in cone frequency and opsin expression occur in many aquatic species. Yet little is known about how quickly animals can alter opsin expression and, thereby, track their visual environments. Similarly, little is known about whether adult animals can alter opsin expression or whether shifts in opsin expression are limited to critical developmental windows. We took adult wild caught bluefin killifish (Lucania goodei) from three different lighting environments (spring, swamp, variable), placed them under two different lighting treatments (clear vs. tea-stained water), and monitored opsin expression over four weeks. We measured opsin expression for five previously described opsins (SWS1, SWS2B, SWS2A, RH2-1, LWS) as well as RH2-2 which we discovered via 454 sequencing. We used two different metrics of opsin expression. We measured expression of each opsin relative to a housekeeping gene and the proportional expression of each opsin relative to the total pool of opsins. Population and lighting environment had large effects on opsin expression which were present at the earliest time points indicating rapid shifts in expression. The two measures of expression produced radically different patterns. Proportional measures indicated large effects of light on the SWS1 expression whereas relative measures indicated no such effect. Instead, light had large effects on the relative expression of SWS2B, RH2-2, RH2-1, and LWS. We suggest that proportional measures of opsin expression are best for making inferences about color vision, but that measures relative to a house keeping gene are better for making conclusions about which opsins are differentially regulated.
Data from: Insect visual sensitivity to long wavelengths enhances colour contrast against vegetation
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The sensitivity of animal photoreceptors to different wavelengths of light strongly influence the perceived visual contrast of objects in the environment. Outside of the human visual wavelength range, ultraviolet sensitivity in many species provides important and behaviourally relevant visual contrast between objects. However, at the opposite end of the spectrum, the potential advantage of red sensitivity remains unclear. We investigated the potential benefit of long wavelength sensitivity by modelling the visual contrast of a wide range of jewel beetle colours against flowers and leaves of their host plants to hypothetical insect visual systems. We find that the presence of a long wavelength sensitive photoreceptor increases estimated colour contrast, particularly of beetles against leaves. Moreover, under our model parameters, a trichromatic visual system with ultraviolet (λ<sub>max</sub> = 355 nm), short (λ<sub>max</sub> = 445 nm) and long (λ<sub>max</sub> = 600 nm) wavelength photoreceptors performed as well as a tetrachromatic visual system, which had an additional medium wavelength photoreceptor (λ<sub>max</sub> = 530 nm). When we varied λ<sub>max</sub> for the long wavelength sensitive receptor in a tetrachromatic system, contrast values between beetles, flowers and leaves were all enhanced with increasing λ<sub>max</sub> from 580 nm to at least 640 nm. These results suggest a potential advantage of red sensitivity in visual discrimination of insect colours against vegetation and highlight the potential adaptive value of long wavelength sensitivity in insects.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Dataset: Excitability in visual sensitivity
<p>Complete dataset: "Subjective visual sensitivity in neurotypical adults: Insights from a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study". </p>
Differences in visual-field sensitivity in the inferior hemifield between the eyes affect three-dimensional shape perception in glaucoma
<p><strong>Raw data repository for the article:</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Differences in visual-field sensitivity in the inferior hemifield between the eyes affect three-dimensional shape perception in glaucoma</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Hiromasa Sawamura<sup>1</sup>, Ryo Asaoka<sup>1,2,3,4,5</sup>, Hiroshi Murata<sup>1</sup>, Eriko Ando<sup>1</sup>, Céline R. Gillebert<sup>6</sup>, James T. Todd<sup>7</sup>, Guy A. Orban<sup>8</sup></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><sup>1</sup> Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.</p> <p><sup>2</sup> Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.</p> <ol> <li>Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.</li> </ol> <p><sup>4</sup> Nanovision Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka Japan.</p> <p><sup>5</sup> The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Shizuoka Japan.</p> <ol> <li>Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</li> <li>Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.</li> <li>Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p>Excel data:</p> <p>Binocular Visual-filed sensitivity for 20 subjects: BinocularHFAData.xlsx</p> <p>Visual filed sensitivity in the right eye: OD_HFA_data.xlsx </p> <p>Visual filed sensitivity in the left eye: OS_HFA_data.xlsx</p> <p>Error-in-depth for 20 subjects: ErrorinDepth_20subj.xlsx</p> <p>Results of Simple feature discrimination: Result_SinpleFeatureDiscrimination.xlsx</p>
The Purpose is to Evaluate Visual Acuity for Distance, Intermediate and Near and Additionally Contrast Sensitivity at 25% and 10% of Illumination After Implantation of Trifocal IOL, Extended Range of
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07008768. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Bumblebee visual allometry results in locally improved resolution and globally improved sensitivity
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Data from: UV wavelengths experienced during development affect larval newt visual sensitivity and predation efficiency
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Data from: Rapid light-induced shifts in opsin expression: finding new opsins, discerning mechanisms of change, and implications for visual sensitivity
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Data from: Insect visual sensitivity to long wavelengths enhances colour contrast against vegetation
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Data from: Conserved visual sensitivities across divergent lizard lineages that differ in an ultraviolet sexual signal
The sensory drive hypothesis predicts the correlated evolution of signalling traits and sensory perception in differing environments. For visual signals, adaptive divergence in both colour signals and visual sensitivities between populations may contribute to reproductive isolation and promote speciation, but this has rarely been tested or shown in terrestrial species. We tested whether opsin protein expression differs between divergent lineages of the tawny dragon (Ctenophorus decresii) that differ in the presence/absence of an ultraviolet sexual signal. We measured the expression of four retinal cone opsin genes (SWS1, SWS2, RH2, LWS) using droplet digital PCR. We show that gene expression between lineages does not differ significantly, including the UV wavelength sensitive SWS1. We discuss these results in the context of mounting evidence that visual sensitivities are highly conserved in terrestrial systems. Multiple competing requirements may constrain divergence of visual sensitivities in response to sexual signals. Instead, signal contrast could be increased via alternative mechanisms, such as background selection. Our results contribute to a growing understanding of the roles of visual ecology, phylogeny, and behaviour on visual system evolution in reptiles.
Data from: Fixational eye movements predict visual sensitivity
During steady fixation, observers make small fixational saccades at a rate of around 1-2 per second. Presentation of a visual stimulus triggers a biphasic modulation in fixational saccade rate – an initial inhibition followed by a period of elevated rate and a subsequent return to baseline. Here we show that, during passive viewing, this rate signature is highly sensitive to small changes in stimulus contrast. By training a linear support vector machine to classify trials in which a stimulus is either present or absent, we directly compared the contrast sensitivity of fixational eye movements with individuals' psychophysical judgements. Classification accuracy closely matched psychophysical performance and predicted individuals' threshold estimates with less bias and overall error than those obtained using specific features of the signature. Performance of the classifier was robust to changes in the training set (novel subjects and/or contrasts) and good prediction accuracy was obtained with a practicable number of trials. Our results indicate a tight coupling between the sensitivity of visual perceptual judgements and fixational eye control mechanisms. This raises the possibility that fixational saccades could provide a novel and objective means of estimating visual contrast sensitivity without the need for observers to make any explicit judgement.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.