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Supplementary material S2. Leiestes tomaszewskae sp. nov., holotype, Nr. 6723 [MAIG], X-ray micro-CT volume rendering of the habitus (without legs).

X-ray micro-CT volume rendering of the habitus (without legs) of Leiestes tomaszewskae sp. nov., holotype, Nr. 6723 [MAIG].

Supplementary material S1. Leiestes tomaszewskae sp. nov., holotype, Nr. 6723 [MAIG], X-ray micro-CT volume rendering of the habitus.

X-ray micro-CT volume rendering of the habitus of Leiestes tomaszewskae sp. nov., holotype, Nr. 6723 [MAIG].

Supplementary material S3. Leiestes tomaszewskae sp. nov., holotype, Nr. 6723 [MAIG], X-ray micro-CT volume rendering of the right antenna.

X-ray micro-CT volume rendering of the right antenna of Leiestes tomaszewskae sp. nov., holotype, Nr. 6723 [MAIG].

Supplementary material S1. Ptilodactyla eocenica Kundrata, Bukejs and Blank, 2021, male, SIZK ZH-85, X-ray micro-CT volume rendering of the habitus.

Supplementary material S1 in paper: Telnov D., Perkovsky E.E., Kundrata R., Kari&scaron;s K., Vasilenko D.V., Bukejs A. Revealing Palaeogene distribution of the Ptilodactylidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): the first Ptilodactyla Illiger, 1807 records from Rovno amber of Ukraine. Historical Biology.

Supplementary material S2. Ptilodactyla eocenica Kundrata, Bukejs and Blank, 2021, male, SIZK ZH-85, X-ray micro-CT volume rendering of the forelegs.

Supplementary material S2 in paper: Telnov D., Perkovsky E.E., Kundrata R., Kairi&scaron;s K., Vasilenko D.V., Bukejs A. Revealing Palaeogene distribution of the Ptilodactylidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): the first Ptilodactyla Illiger, 1807 records from Rovno amber of Ukraine. Historical Biology.

Supplementary material S3. Ptilodactyla eocenica Kundrata, Bukejs and Blank, 2021, male, SIZK ZH-85, X-ray micro-CT volume rendering of the hind legs.

Supplementary material S3 in paper: Telnov D., Perkovsky E.E., Kundrata R., Kairi&scaron;s K., Vasilenko D.V., Bukejs A. Revealing Palaeogene distribution of the Ptilodactylidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): the first Ptilodactyla Illiger, 1807 records from Rovno amber of Ukraine. Historical Biology.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Text-fig. 3. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Volume renderings of flower bud in two different lateral views showing long pedicel, distinct calyx (ca) with almost equiaxial epidermal cells and corolla (co) with nearly smooth surface. c–e: Transverse sections (c, orthoslice xy1500; d, orthoslice xy1760; e, orthoslice xy1850) through flower bud at levels below the anthers showing stamen filaments (yellow) opposite the corolla lobes (co) and smaller staminodes (orange) in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 3. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Volume renderings of flower bud in two different lateral views showing long pedicel, distinct calyx (ca) with almost equiaxial epidermal cells and corolla (co) with nearly smooth surface. c–e: Transverse sections (c, orthoslice xy1500; d, orthoslice xy1760; e, orthoslice xy1850) through flower bud at levels below the anthers showing stamen filaments (yellow) opposite the corolla lobes (co) and smaller staminodes (orange)

Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID et CHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5 cm in (a, b), 2.5 mm in (c–g), 5 mm in (h), 2 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID et CHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5 cm in (a, b), 2.5 mm in (c–g), 5 mm in (h), 2 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar.

Text-fig. 9. Portnallia. a–j: P. bognorensis M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 30421. a: Oblique lateral view with dorsal surface of locule cast facing towards right side. b: Basal view (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 40 of Chandler 1961). c–g: Micro CT data. c–f: Surface renderings. c: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. d: lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. e: Basal view. f: Apical view. g: Digital transverse section near equatorial position showing (c) to u-shaped locules. h: Apical view of tetralocular fruit, V. 30423 (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 42 of Chandler 1961). i: Transverse section of specimen in (h), reflected light. j–o: P. sheppeyensis M.CHANDLER, Holotype V. 30428, here synomomized with P. bognorensis, from micro-CT data. j–m: Surface renderings. j: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. k: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. l: Basal view. m: Apical view. n: Digital equatorial transverse section showing the three preserved locules and extensive cracking due to pyrite decomposition. o: Translucent volume rendering, apical view showing (c) to u-shaped locules. Scale bars 2 mm, bar in (a) applies also to (b), bar in (e) applies to also to (c, d), bar in (g) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to applies also to (k–m). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 9. Portnallia. a–j: P. bognorensis M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 30421. a: Oblique lateral view with dorsal surface of locule cast facing towards right side. b: Basal view (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 40 of Chandler 1961). c–g: Micro CT data. c–f: Surface renderings. c: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. d: lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. e: Basal view. f: Apical view. g: Digital transverse section near equatorial position showing (c) to u-shaped locules. h: Apical view of tetralocular fruit, V. 30423 (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 42 of Chandler 1961). i: Transverse section of specimen in (h), reflected light. j–o: P. sheppeyensis M.CHANDLER, Holotype V. 30428, here synomomized with P. bognorensis, from micro-CT data. j–m: Surface renderings. j: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. k: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. l: Basal view. m: Apical view. n: Digital equatorial transverse section showing the three preserved locules and extensive cracking due to pyrite decomposition. o: Translucent volume rendering, apical view showing (c) to u-shaped locules. Scale bars 2 mm, bar in (a) applies also to (b), bar in (e) applies to also to (c, d), bar in (g) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to applies also to (k–m).

Text-fig. 2. Tectocarya spp. a–n: Tectocarya grandis (E.REID et M.CHANDLER) comb. n. Holotype V.22968. a: Lateral view of broken endocarp, reflected light. b–d: Longitudinal views, surface renderings from micro-CT data. e: Translucent volume renderings. f: Apical view, surface rendering. g: View of transversely broken surface showing curved locule, reflected light. h–n: Successive digital transverse sections. Note septum in the dorsal infold (arrows). o, p: Tectocarya rhenana KIRCHH., Miocene of Germany, dorsal view and transverse section [Holotype of Mastixoidea tectocaryoides KIRCHH., Alfred Mine near Konzendorf, photo by Dieter Mai] (Synonym of T. rhenana MAI, 1993). q: T. rhenana transverse section. from Mine Alfred, Düren, Germany, coll. Claire A. Brown 1952, USNM 355632. r, s: Tectocarya sp. from late Eocene of Post, Oregon, USA, physical transverse section, reflected light. UF279-50014. [Surface views of same specimen shown in Manchester and McIntosh 2007: figs 62, 63]. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–r), 0.5 cm in (s). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 2. Tectocarya spp. a–n: Tectocarya grandis (E.REID et M.CHANDLER) comb. n. Holotype V.22968. a: Lateral view of broken endocarp, reflected light. b–d: Longitudinal views, surface renderings from micro-CT data. e: Translucent volume renderings. f: Apical view, surface rendering. g: View of transversely broken surface showing curved locule, reflected light. h–n: Successive digital transverse sections. Note septum in the dorsal infold (arrows). o, p: Tectocarya rhenana KIRCHH., Miocene of Germany, dorsal view and transverse section [Holotype of Mastixoidea tectocaryoides KIRCHH., Alfred Mine near Konzendorf, photo by Dieter Mai] (Synonym of T. rhenana MAI, 1993). q: T. rhenana transverse section. from Mine Alfred, Düren, Germany, coll. Claire A. Brown 1952, USNM 355632. r, s: Tectocarya sp. from late Eocene of Post, Oregon, USA, physical transverse section, reflected light. UF279-50014. [Surface views of same specimen shown in Manchester and McIntosh 2007: figs 62, 63]. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–r), 0.5 cm in (s).

Text-fig. 3. Mastixia parva E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 22972. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 25, fig. 13 of Reid and Chandler 1933), reflected light. b–g: from micro-CT data. b: Dorsal view of specimen in (a) now suffering from encrustation due to pyrite decay; isosurface rendering. c: Translucent volume rendering, dorsal view showing two limbs of the locule and longitudinal groove. d–g: Digital transverse sections at various positions showing c-shaped locule, longitudinal dorsal infold, endocarp wall, and degradational cracks. h, i: V. 22983(1). h: Dorsal view showing longitudinal infold. i: Physical transverse section showing c-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h), applies also to (b–g), 2 mm in (i). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 3. Mastixia parva E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 22972. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 25, fig. 13 of Reid and Chandler 1933), reflected light. b–g: from micro-CT data. b: Dorsal view of specimen in (a) now suffering from encrustation due to pyrite decay; isosurface rendering. c: Translucent volume rendering, dorsal view showing two limbs of the locule and longitudinal groove. d–g: Digital transverse sections at various positions showing c-shaped locule, longitudinal dorsal infold, endocarp wall, and degradational cracks. h, i: V. 22983(1). h: Dorsal view showing longitudinal infold. i: Physical transverse section showing c-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h), applies also to (b–g), 2 mm in (i).

Supplementary material S5. Ptilodactyla odnosum Telnov, Perkovsky, Kundrata and Bukejs sp. nov., holotype, MAIG-6710, female, X-ray micro-CT volume rendering of the left antenna.

Supplementary material S5 in paper: Telnov D., Perkovsky E.E., Kundrata R., Kairi&scaron;s K., Vasilenko D.V., Bukejs A. Revealing Palaeogene distribution of the Ptilodactylidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): the first Ptilodactyla Illiger, 1807 records from Rovno amber of Ukraine. Historical Biology.

Supplementary material S4. Ptilodactyla odnosum Telnov, Perkovsky, Kundrata and Bukejs sp. nov., holotype, MAIG-6710, female, X-ray micro-CT volume rendering of the habitus.

Supplementary material S4 in paper: Telnov D., Perkovsky E.E., Kundrata R., Kairi&scaron;s K., Vasilenko D.V., Bukejs A. Revealing Palaeogene distribution of the Ptilodactylidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): the first Ptilodactyla Illiger, 1807 records from Rovno amber of Ukraine. Historical Biology.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/c96e6bc4-729c-469c-9f1e-1f301d83357d">https://bionomia.net/dataset/c96e6bc4-729c-469c-9f1e-1f301d83357d</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/c96e6bc4-729c-469c-9f1e-1f301d83357d">https://gbif.org/dataset/c96e6bc4-729c-469c-9f1e-1f301d83357d</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Text-fig. 2. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy volume renderings (a, b) and orthoslices (c–e) of Mugideiriflora portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Catefica locality, Portugal (holotype, S174254, Catefica sample 150). Yellow dots – stamens, red dots – carpels. a) Flower in lateral view showing the broad bases of the laminar tepals; b) Flower in longitudinal section showing the flat to slightly concave floral receptacle with a central conical gynoecial region (cut between orthoslices yz0800 and 1220); c) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series and the stamens cut in the region of the poorly differentiated anthers; note cellular differences between outer (op) and inner (in) perianth parts, as well as and transverse sections of anthers, apparently with laterally to slightly dorsally placed pollen sacs (arrow heads) (cut at orthoslice xy0770); d) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series, flattened rhomboidal stamen bases in several series, and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xy0820); e) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series, flattened rhomboidal stamen bases in several series, and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xy0920); f) Flower in longitudinal section showing the shallowly concave floral receptacle with laminar tepals, stamens, and a central conical gynoecial region bearing poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice yz0900); g) Flower in longitudinal section perpendicular to that in (f) showing stamens and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xz1630). Scale bars = 1 mm (a, b), 500 µm (c–g). in Multiparted, Apocarpous Flowers From The Early Cretaceous Of Eastern North America And Portugal

Text-fig. 2. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy volume renderings (a, b) and orthoslices (c–e) of Mugideiriflora portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Catefica locality, Portugal (holotype, S174254, Catefica sample 150). Yellow dots – stamens, red dots – carpels. a) Flower in lateral view showing the broad bases of the laminar tepals; b) Flower in longitudinal section showing the flat to slightly concave floral receptacle with a central conical gynoecial region (cut between orthoslices yz0800 and 1220); c) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series and the stamens cut in the region of the poorly differentiated anthers; note cellular differences between outer (op) and inner (in) perianth parts, as well as and transverse sections of anthers, apparently with laterally to slightly dorsally placed pollen sacs (arrow heads) (cut at orthoslice xy0770); d) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series, flattened rhomboidal stamen bases in several series, and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xy0820); e) Flower in transverse section showing the numerous laminar tepals in several series, flattened rhomboidal stamen bases in several series, and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xy0920); f) Flower in longitudinal section showing the shallowly concave floral receptacle with laminar tepals, stamens, and a central conical gynoecial region bearing poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice yz0900); g) Flower in longitudinal section perpendicular to that in (f) showing stamens and poorly differentiated carpels (cut at orthoslice xz1630). Scale bars = 1 mm (a, b), 500 µm (c–g).

Text-fig. 5. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype (S174178; Vale de Agua sample 141) in lateral view showing shape and cell pattern; remains of mounting media (¤). b) Cut volume rendering of seed (cut at yz0553) showing the slightly raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) and palisade-shaped cells of exotesta. c) Apical view of seed showing hilar depression (hi), position of micropylar slit (mi) and the slightly raised raphal ridge (ra). d) Seed in lateral view showing raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) (S174495, Vale de Água sample 300). e) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0500) of the seed in (5d) showing the raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum and sclerenchyma cells of exotesta. f) Detail of seed in (5d) showing micropylar slit (mi), hilum (hi) and raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum. g, h) Seed in lateral view (g) and view towards raphe (h) showing seed shape, the raised tissue below hilum (arrow head) and the raphal ridge (ra); note pointed micropylar area (S174179, Vale de Água sample 141). i) Seed surface of seed in (5d) showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–e, g, h); 125 µm (f, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 5. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype (S174178; Vale de Agua sample 141) in lateral view showing shape and cell pattern; remains of mounting media (¤). b) Cut volume rendering of seed (cut at yz0553) showing the slightly raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) and palisade-shaped cells of exotesta. c) Apical view of seed showing hilar depression (hi), position of micropylar slit (mi) and the slightly raised raphal ridge (ra). d) Seed in lateral view showing raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) (S174495, Vale de Água sample 300). e) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0500) of the seed in (5d) showing the raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum and sclerenchyma cells of exotesta. f) Detail of seed in (5d) showing micropylar slit (mi), hilum (hi) and raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum. g, h) Seed in lateral view (g) and view towards raphe (h) showing seed shape, the raised tissue below hilum (arrow head) and the raphal ridge (ra); note pointed micropylar area (S174179, Vale de Água sample 141). i) Seed surface of seed in (5d) showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–e, g, h); 125 µm (f, i).

Text-fig. 3. Pazlia hilaris gen. et sp. nov. (a–e) from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal (holotype, S175096) and Pazliopsis reyi gen. et sp. nov. (f–i) from the Early Cretaceous Torres Vedras locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings a–f, i) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, g, h). a, b) Seed in lateral (a) and oblique apical (b) views showing the truncate hilar-micropylar region; note prominent hilar scar (hi) and micropyle (mi) at the seed apex and the raphe (ra) seen as slightly raised ridge; remains of mounting media (¤). c) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0647) showing course of raphe (ra), hilar scar (hi) and micropyle (mi); note the strongly radially elongated cells below the hilar scar. d) Seed in antiraphal view. e) Seed surface showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. f) Seed enclosed in remains of thin-walled fruit (fr) (S174632, Torres Vedras sample 298). g) Holotype, seed enclosed in remains of fruit (fr); raphal view showing the faintly ribbed surface of the seed (S171534, Torres Vedras sample 043). h) Apical view of seed fragment showing hilar scar (hi), position of raphe (ra) and the ribbed seed surface (S136683, Torres Vedras sample 044). i) Seed surface showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S171534; Torres Vedras sample 043). Scale bars = 250 µm (a–d, f–h); 125 µm (e, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 3. Pazlia hilaris gen. et sp. nov. (a–e) from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal (holotype, S175096) and Pazliopsis reyi gen. et sp. nov. (f–i) from the Early Cretaceous Torres Vedras locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings a–f, i) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, g, h). a, b) Seed in lateral (a) and oblique apical (b) views showing the truncate hilar-micropylar region; note prominent hilar scar (hi) and micropyle (mi) at the seed apex and the raphe (ra) seen as slightly raised ridge; remains of mounting media (¤). c) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0647) showing course of raphe (ra), hilar scar (hi) and micropyle (mi); note the strongly radially elongated cells below the hilar scar. d) Seed in antiraphal view. e) Seed surface showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. f) Seed enclosed in remains of thin-walled fruit (fr) (S174632, Torres Vedras sample 298). g) Holotype, seed enclosed in remains of fruit (fr); raphal view showing the faintly ribbed surface of the seed (S171534, Torres Vedras sample 043). h) Apical view of seed fragment showing hilar scar (hi), position of raphe (ra) and the ribbed seed surface (S136683, Torres Vedras sample 044). i) Seed surface showing the raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S171534; Torres Vedras sample 043). Scale bars = 250 µm (a–d, f–h); 125 µm (e, i).

Text-fig. 1. Gastonispermum portugallicum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). Note remains of mounting media on several seeds (¤). a) Seed in oblique view showing seed shape, the slightly raised raphal ridge and the position of hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) on the raphal side of the seed (S170218). b, c) Seeds in lateral view (b, S170234; c, S175095). d–f) Holotype (S174820); seed in lateral view (d) and cut volume rendering (e, f) through the median plane of the seed showing palisade-shaped sclerenchyma cells of exotesta and remains of embryo (emb) and surrounding nutritive tissue (e, cut between yz0440-0530; f, cut between slices yz440-480). g) Hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) of seed in (1a) showing the Y-shaped micropylar slit in the outer integument. h) Cut volume rendering through the median plane of the seed (cut at yz0492) showing seed coat mainly composed of palisade-shaped cells of the exotesta (S174435). i) Seed surface showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S175045). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (g); 125 µm (f, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 1. Gastonispermum portugallicum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). Note remains of mounting media on several seeds (¤). a) Seed in oblique view showing seed shape, the slightly raised raphal ridge and the position of hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) on the raphal side of the seed (S170218). b, c) Seeds in lateral view (b, S170234; c, S175095). d–f) Holotype (S174820); seed in lateral view (d) and cut volume rendering (e, f) through the median plane of the seed showing palisade-shaped sclerenchyma cells of exotesta and remains of embryo (emb) and surrounding nutritive tissue (e, cut between yz0440-0530; f, cut between slices yz440-480). g) Hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) of seed in (1a) showing the Y-shaped micropylar slit in the outer integument. h) Cut volume rendering through the median plane of the seed (cut at yz0492) showing seed coat mainly composed of palisade-shaped cells of the exotesta (S174435). i) Seed surface showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S175045). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (g); 125 µm (f, i).

Text-fig. 11. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a, b) Holotype (S170238), seed in oblique (a) and lateral (b) view showing large triangular hilar scar (hi) and transverse micropylar slit (mi). c) Oblique view of seed showing slightly raised raphal area (S174352); remains of mounting media (¤). d) Details of holotype showing triangular hilum (hi) and transverse micropylar slit in the exotesta (mi). e) Cut volume rendering of holotype (cut at yz1170) through the median plane showing hilum (hi) and micropylar slit (mi) lined by radially expanded exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d, e). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 11. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a, b) Holotype (S170238), seed in oblique (a) and lateral (b) view showing large triangular hilar scar (hi) and transverse micropylar slit (mi). c) Oblique view of seed showing slightly raised raphal area (S174352); remains of mounting media (¤). d) Details of holotype showing triangular hilum (hi) and transverse micropylar slit in the exotesta (mi). e) Cut volume rendering of holotype (cut at yz1170) through the median plane showing hilum (hi) and micropylar slit (mi) lined by radially expanded exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d, e).

Text-fig. 7. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype; seed in lateral view showing seed shape; note that the seed is broken near the lower surface of the hilum (S174345). b) Oblique apical view of micropylar-hilar region of holotype showing slightly ruptured micropylar slit (mi) in the outer integument and two bulging and abraded areas (arrow heads) close to hilum. c) Seed in oblique lateral-raphal view showing the two bulging structures (arrow heads) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (S174472). d) Tangential, longitudinal cut (cut at yz0131) through the seed coat of seed in (7c) showing the undulate anticlinal cell walls of the exotesta cells that are thickest towards the outside and thinner towards the inside. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 7. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype; seed in lateral view showing seed shape; note that the seed is broken near the lower surface of the hilum (S174345). b) Oblique apical view of micropylar-hilar region of holotype showing slightly ruptured micropylar slit (mi) in the outer integument and two bulging and abraded areas (arrow heads) close to hilum. c) Seed in oblique lateral-raphal view showing the two bulging structures (arrow heads) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (S174472). d) Tangential, longitudinal cut (cut at yz0131) through the seed coat of seed in (7c) showing the undulate anticlinal cell walls of the exotesta cells that are thickest towards the outside and thinner towards the inside. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d).