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91 results for “water striders”
Photoperiod controls wing polyphenism in a water strider independently of insulin receptor signaling
Insect wing polyphenism has evolved as an adaptation to changing environments and a growing body of research suggests that the nutrient sensing insulin receptor signaling pathway is a hot spot for the evolution of polyphenisms, as it provides a direct link between increased growth and the available nutrients in the environment. However, little is known about the role of insulin receptor signaling in polyphenisms which are controlled by seasonal variation in photoperiod. Here, we demonstrate that wing length polyphenism in the water strider Gerris buenoi is determined by photoperiod and nymphal density, but not by nutrient availability. Exposure to a long-day photoperiod is highly inducive of the short-winged morph whereas high nymphal densities moderately promote development of long wings. Using RNA interference we demonstrate that, unlike in several other species where wing polyphenism is controlled by nutrition, there is no detectable role of insulin receptor signaling in wing morph induction. Our results indicate that the multitude of possible cues that trigger wing polyphenism can be mediated through multiple genetic pathways in insects.
Linked collectors and determiners for: The water striders (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) of Costa Rica: new species, checklist, and new records.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The water striders (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) of Costa Rica: new species, checklist, and new records". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/3da0d889-944e-465a-8a94-c6fde5cda633">https://bionomia.net/dataset/3da0d889-944e-465a-8a94-c6fde5cda633</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/3da0d889-944e-465a-8a94-c6fde5cda633">https://gbif.org/dataset/3da0d889-944e-465a-8a94-c6fde5cda633</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Water striders (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) of Romania with an update on the distribution of Gerris gibbifer and G. maculatus in southeastern Europe.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Water striders (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) of Romania with an update on the distribution of Gerris gibbifer and G. maculatus in southeastern Europe". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/2971017f-82c8-404a-8fcf-f95990dbb3cb">https://bionomia.net/dataset/2971017f-82c8-404a-8fcf-f95990dbb3cb</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/2971017f-82c8-404a-8fcf-f95990dbb3cb">https://gbif.org/dataset/2971017f-82c8-404a-8fcf-f95990dbb3cb</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 3 in The first fossil representative of the water strider subfamily Ptilomerinae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) in the Oligocene paleolake of Murs (southern France) with some palaeoecological considerations
Fig. 3. Oligoptilomera luberonensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype (PNRL 2715), counterpart, photographed under ultra-violet light. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Fig. 4 in The first fossil representative of the water strider subfamily Ptilomerinae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) in the Oligocene paleolake of Murs (southern France) with some palaeoecological considerations
Fig. 4. Oligoptilomera luberonensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype (PNRL 2715), part, photograph of body under ultra-violet light. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Fig. 2 in The first fossil representative of the water strider subfamily Ptilomerinae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) in the Oligocene paleolake of Murs (southern France) with some palaeoecological considerations
Fig. 2. Oligoptilomera luberonensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype (PNRL 2715), part, photographed under normal light. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Fig. 1 in The first fossil representative of the water strider subfamily Ptilomerinae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) in the Oligocene paleolake of Murs (southern France) with some palaeoecological considerations
Fig. 1. Location map and geological context of the 'Les Vergiers' fossiliferous locality in Murs (Vaucluse, France). A. Geographical position of Murs in France and within the National Natural Reserve of Luberon. B. Stratigraphic log of the 'Les Vergiers' from the 'Sables et grès verts de la Valette-dePernes' to the 'Marnes et grès verts de Murs'.
Photoperiod controls wing polyphenism in a water strider independently of insulin receptor signaling
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Leg length and bristle density both necessary for water surface locomotion are genetically correlated in water striders
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Access to hitherto unexploited ecological opportunities is associated with phenotypic evolution and often results in significant lineage diversification. Yet, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying such adaptive traits remains limited. Water striders have been able to exploit the water-air interface, primarily facilitated by changes in the density of hydrophobic bristles and a significant increase in leg length. These two traits are functionally correlated and are both necessary for generating efficient locomotion on the water surface. Whether bristle density and leg length have any cellular or developmental genetic mechanisms in common is unknown. Here, we combine comparative genomics and transcriptomics with functional RNAi assays to examine the developmental genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying the patterning of the bristles and the legs in <em>Gerris buenoi</em> and <em>Mesovelia mulsanti,</em> two species of water striders. We found that two gene duplication events in the genes <em>beadex </em>and <em>taxi </em>led to a functional expansion of the paralogs to affect bristle density and leg length. We also identified genes for which no function in bristle development has been previously described in other insects. Interestingly, most of these genes play a dual role in regulating bristle development and leg length. In addition, these genes play a role in regulating cell division. This result suggests that cell division may be a common mechanism through which these genes can simultaneously regulate leg length and bristle density. We propose that pleiotropy, by which gene function affects the development of multiple traits, may play a prominent role in facilitating access to unexploited ecological opportunities and species diversification.</span></p> <p> </p>
Evolutionary mismatch along salinity gradients in a Neotropical water strider
<p><span>The evolution of local adaptation is crucial for the <i>in situ</i> persistence of populations in changing environments. However, selection along broad environmental gradients could render local adaptation difficult, and might even result in maladaptation. We address this issue by quantifying fitness trade-offs (via common garden experiments) along a salinity gradient in two populations of the Neotropical water strider <i>Telmatometra withei </i>– a species found in both fresh (FW) and brackish (BW) water environments across Panama. We found evidence for local adaptation in the FW population in its home FW environment. However, the BW population showed only partial adaptation to the BW environment, with a high magnitude of maladaptation, along naturally-occurring salinity gradients. Indeed, its overall fitness was ~ 60% lower than that of the ancestral FW population in its home environment, highlighting the role of</span> phenotypic plasticity, rather than local adaptation, in high salinity environments<span>. This suggests that populations seemingly persisting in high salinity environments might in fact be maladapted, following drastic changes in salinity. Thus, variable selection imposed by salinization could result in evolutionary mismatch, where the fitness of a population is displaced from its optimal environment. Understanding the fitness consequences of persisting in fluctuating salinity environments is crucial to predict the persistence of populations facing increasing salinization. It will also help develop evolutionarily informed management strategies in the context of global change.</span></p>
Leg length and bristle density both necessary for water surface locomotion are genetically correlated in water striders
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Evolutionary mismatch along salinity gradients in a Neotropical water strider
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Data from: Male social plasticity influences transient dynamics of alternative mating systems in water striders
Animal mating systems are often studied with the goal of understanding why species, populations, or groups vary from one another in the system they display. Although these differences are often treated as basically stable, it is also known that these systems may shift over time (e.g. from one breeding season to the next). There has been some study of how ecological factors correlate with these changes; however, few, if any, studies have investigated how the phenotypic composition of a group governs the timing and probability of system transitions. Groups of stream water striders (Aquarius remegis) can demonstrate quick and flexible transitions in mating system dynamics, with many groups eventually transitioning to a system in which a single, large male monopolizes mating opportunities. We asked if variation in individual- and group-level traits associated with morphology and behavior (e.g. size of the largest individual, variance in activity behavioral types, and average social plasticity) could partially explain the variability in how rapidly groups make this transition, if they make it all. Our results show that the average social plasticity of males in a group has important effects on the emergence timing of mating systems dominated by a single male.
FIGURES 40–42 in Three new species of the water strider genus Rhyacobates Esaki, 1923 (Hemiptera: Gerridae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 40–42. (40) Habitat of Rhyacobates angustus sp.n. and R. gongvo. (41) Apterous female of R. gongvo resting on the exposed rock in the middle of the stream. (42) School of adults and nymphs of R. gongvo on the exposed rock in the middle of the stream (40: photographed by Nguyen Thanh Son; 41, 42: photographed by Tran Anh Duc).
FIGURES 27–39 in Three new species of the water strider genus Rhyacobates Esaki, 1923 (Hemiptera: Gerridae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 27–39. Morphological features of Rhyacobates constrictus sp.n. (27) right fore leg of female. (28) basal part of right middle leg of male, ventral view. (29) proctiger. (30–32) left paramere from three different views. (33) endosomal sclerites. (34) body of female, lateral view. (35) apex of abdomen of female, lateral view. (36) abdomen of female holotype, dorsal view. (37) apex of abdomen of female holotype, ventral view. (38, 39) apex of abdomen of female paratype, dorsal and ventral view.
FIGURES 24–26 in Three new species of the water strider genus Rhyacobates Esaki, 1923 (Hemiptera: Gerridae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 24–26. (24) Habitat of type locality of Rhyacobates constrictus sp.n. (25) A copulating pair of R. constrictus sp.n., skating on the fast current of the stream. (26) A copulating pair of R. constrictus sp.n., resting on the emerged rocks in the middle of the stream (photographed by Tran Anh Duc).
FIGURES 14–23 in Three new species of the water strider genus Rhyacobates Esaki, 1923 (Hemiptera: Gerridae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 14–23. Morphological features of Rhyacobates zetteli sp.n. (14) right fore leg of female. (15) basal part of right middle leg of male, ventral view. (16) proctiger. (17, 18) left paramere, two different views. (19) endosomal sclerites. (20) body of female, lateral view. (21–23) apex of abdomen of female, dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively.
FIGURES 11–13 in Three new species of the water strider genus Rhyacobates Esaki, 1923 (Hemiptera: Gerridae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 11–13. (11) Habitat of type locality of Rhyacobates zetteli sp.n. (12, 13) Habitus of R. zetteli sp.n. (12) apterous male. (13) apterous female (photographed by Tran Anh Duc).
FIGURES 1–10 in Three new species of the water strider genus Rhyacobates Esaki, 1923 (Hemiptera: Gerridae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 1–10. Morphological features of Rhyacobates angustus sp.n. (1) right fore leg of female. (2) basal part of right middle leg of male, ventral view. (3) proctiger of male. (4, 5) left paramere, from different views. (6) endosomal sclerites. (7) body of female, lateral view. (8) abdomen of female, dorsal view, (9, 10) apex of abdomen of female, ventral and lateral views.
FIGURES 5–13 in A new species of the broad-shouldered water strider genus Microvelia Westwood (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae) from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan
FIGURES 5–13. Legs of Microvelia yoshitomii sp. nov. male. 5, 8, 11, fore leg; 6, 9, 12, middle leg; 7, 10, 13, hind leg. 5–7, Femur; 8–10, tibia; 11–13, tarsus. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
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