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1,991 results for “watershed”
Soil microbial and physicochemical data from watersheds impacted by different management practices or wildfire in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, 2023
Four forested watersheds in Western North Carolina with different management practices or disturbance were sampled in the summer of 2023 to compare soil physicochemical, microbial, and functional differences. These data include mineral soil physicochemical properties (location, elevation, aspect, gravimetric moisture content, pH, total carbon and nitrogen, total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, total dissolved nitrogen, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NO3 and NH4), and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen), soil microbial properties (16S ASV community sequences, ITS ASV community sequences, extracellular enzyme activity, carbon mineralization rates, and ammonium mineralization rates), and organic soil properties (total organic carbon, total carbon and nitrogen, 16S ASV sequences, pH, and moisture). Together, this dataset provides context to understanding the impacts of different management practices and relevant disturbances, such as severe wildfire, on soil in the Southern Appalachian region.
Solute dynamics in the hyporheic mesocosm in Watershed 1 at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 2019-2020
We investigated biogeochemistry along a 12-m hyporheic mesocosm that allowed for controlled testing of seasonal and spatial water quality changes along a flowpath with fixed geometry and constant flow rate. Water quality profiles of oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen were measured at 1-m intervals along the mesocosm over multiple seasons. dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature profiles were monitored on 18 dates between May 2019 through August 2020. Grab samples to monitor profiles of carbon, nitrogen, and various other solutes along the mesocosm were collected in December 2019 and August 2020 to provide more comprehensive biogeochemical analyses at time points when the dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature profiles were at or near the maximum seasonal differences. Mesocosm monitoring ceased abruptly due to the Holiday Farm Fire, which burned from September through October 2020, cutting off personnel access and electrical power to the mesocosm facility.
Plant biomass dynamics following logging, burning, and thinning in Watersheds 6 and 7, Andrews Experimental Forest, 1979 to 2021
Watersheds 6 (WS06) and 7 (WS07) at the HJ Andrews are part of a three-watershed study initiated in the 1970’s to examine the response of hydrology and forest vegetation to logging. In 1974, Watershed 6 was clearcut logged; Watershed 7 was shelterwood cut, leaving 75-100 overstory trees per hectare (comprising about 40% of the original basal area). A nearby watershed (WS08) serves as an unlogged control. In 1975, all of Watershed 6 and the portion of WS07 below the road were broadcast-burned. In 1976, both watersheds were planted with Douglas-fir seedlings. Natural regeneration of Douglas-fir and western hemlock also established. In 1984, the remnant overstory trees in WS07 were harvested, and in 2001 the young stand in WS07 was thinned to about 550 trees per hectare. The thinning was not planned but provides an interesting twist to the study. The watersheds are located along the northern boundary of the HJA off the 327 and 328 roads, at elevations ranging from 850 to 1,160 m. Initial vegetation measurements were taken in the summer of 2002 in watersheds 6 and 7 for the purpose of characterizing plant succession after thinning in a small, high-elevation watershed. Understory vegetation plots are remeasured at approximately 6 year intervals.
Stream discharge in gaged watersheds at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 1949 to present
Streamflow from selected small watersheds has been continuously monitored at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest since November 1952. The objectives of this research and monitoring include: (1) evaluate long-term changes in hydrology associated with various forest management treatments, notably clearcut logging, selective logging, and burning of predominantly Douglas-fir conifer forests; (2) characterize the hydrologic regimes and evaluate mechanisms influencing water availability from conifer forests; and (3) provide baseline data for affiliated precipitation and stream water chemistry and sediment transport studies. In addition to stage heights and discharge, data on stream chemistry, stream and air temperature, specific conductivity are collected at the stream gages. Models have also been extensively calibrated with these data to characterize the hydrologic regimes of forests at different elevations and following forest management. Many other studies within the watersheds also use these hydrology data. The original design for the first- and second-order small watersheds used a paired watershed technique to evaluate changes in streamflow following forest management and harvest in conifer forests. A reference watershed remained unharvested within each set (Andrews WS 1, 2, 3; WS 6, 7, 8; and WS 9, 10). Watershed details and treatments are described at https://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/research/infrastructure/watersheds and in the 'Gaged watershed description' PDF in Related Materials/Files. Mack Creek is a third-order watershed where the reference was upstream of the harvested section. The fifth-order Lookout Creek has a gage maintained by US Geological Survey. Early discharge data from Lookout Creek gage, including for the period when USFS maintained the gage, are available here. Measurements of stream stage heights are recorded in feet and streamflow data are available in units of cubic feet per second (cfs). Discharge is calculated using rating curves that ha
Stream specific conductance and temperature from small watersheds in the Andrews Forest
Stream specific conductance and water temperature are measured instantaneously every 5 minutes at most of the gauged watersheds within the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Watersheds 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 and Mack Creek). Data is complementary to stream chemistry measurements from a proportional sampler (CF002) and long-term streamflow measurements (HF004) made at each of these watersheds.
Solute dynamics in the hyporheic zone of a headwater stream in Watershed 1 at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 2016-2018
This project examined the interactions between stream water and subsurface sediment to quantify how these interactions influenced organic C respiration and dissolved inorganic C (DIC) production in the hyporheic zone of a high-gradient headwater mountain stream draining a forested catchment at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA. The study used six 2-m long hyporheic mesocosms which were packed with streambed sediment in the spring of 2016. The mesocosms are located at the Watershed 1 (WS1) stream gage and stream water from WS1 has been pumped through the mesocosms continuously since they were first packed through the end of (and beyond) this study in autumn of 2018. The mesocosms were designed around 1-m long 20-cm diameter aluminum pipe segments with sample ports located each meter along the flowpath through each mesocosm – thus sampling at the inlet, at 1 m, and at the outlet which represents the full 2-m long flow path. Sampling was conducted on seven dates between Oct 23 2016 and Aug 27 2018. On two of these dates, only background samples were collected. On the remaining 5 dates, sampling was designed around continuous-injection tracer experiments using both a conservative tracer (salt) and a reactive tracer (various dissolved organic substrates). For background sampling events, samples were generally only collected once. The tracer experiments involved 4 discreet sampling times: 1. pre-injection (under background conditions); 2. early plateau; 3. late plateau, and 4. post-injection (and in one injection experiment, a 5th sample at late-post-injection time). For each round of samples, the mesocosm water temperature, pH, EC, and DO were measured with sensors in a small flow-through cell. Then water samples were collected for laboratory analysis for both DOC and DIC. The median travel time of water through each pipe segment of the 2-m mesocosms was also calculated from the conservative tracer break-through curves.
Total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), radiocarbon (14C-DOC), and stable carbon (13C-DOC) of surface waters from the Canning River watershed, 2019 and 2021
Sites along the Canning River mainstem and contributing streams near the Kavik River Camp, Alaska, were visited to track changes in stream and river total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentration, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and the stable carbon (13C) and radiocarbon (14C) isotopic composition of DOC across transitions between the Brooks Range, Brooks foothills, and Arctic Coastal Plain. The dataset also includes water samples collected from lakes, springs, groundwater, and streams and rivers outside the Canning River watershed. Water samples were collected in late April and early August 2019 and in late July and early August 2021. Data include measurements of individual samples for TDN (milligrams nitrogen per liter), DOC (milligrams carbon per liter), carbon-13 of DOC (reported as delta-13C, per mil), carbon-14 of DOC (reported as fraction modern), and analytical error in the fraction modern values. Additional water chemistry data for these samples can be found in Koch et al. (2024). References: Koch, J. C., Connolly, C. T., Repasch, M., Best, H. R., Couvillion, C. S., Hunt, A. (2024). [Dataset] Hydrochemistry and age date tracers from springs, streams, and rivers in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 2019-2022, U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P95CXJIT.
Long-term monitoring of stormwater runoff and water quality in urbanized watersheds of the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2008
Urbanization alters dramatically watershed ecosystem processes. Land-use change and anthropogenic activities contribute to increased inputs of nutrients and other materials, while changes to land cover alter hydrology and the corresponding movement of materials. These changes have ramifications for both watershed processes and downstream systems. The impacts of urbanization on aquatic systems are well-studied, and frequently encapsulated in the ‘urban stream syndrome’ (Walsh et al. 2005) that describes, among others, increased nutrient loading and stream flashiness. However, there is some evidence that aridland cities behave differently (Grimm et al. 2004, 2005), and the complex dynamics among catchment characteristics, storm attributes, and runoff in highly urbanized settings of the arid Southwest remains poorly understood. To enhance our understanding of stormwater dynamics and watershed functioning in aridland, urban environments, the Central Arizona–Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) program began monitoring stormwater runoff at the outflow of the Indian Bend Wash (IBW) in 2008. The IBW is a tributary to the Salt River in central Arizona, and is a major drainage within the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, encompassing much of the City of Scottsdale. A model of soft engineering, the IBW as it runs through much of the City of Scottsdale is comprised largely of a series of artificial lakes, parks, paths, golf courses, ball fields, and other non-structural elements designed with the dual roles of providing outdoor amenities to the City residents while serving as an effective flood water conveyance feature. A unique biogeochemistry of this novel system is detailed by Roach et al. (2008), and Roach and Grimm (2011). Stormwater sampling is conducted at numerous locations. The longest running sampling location is near the outflow of the IBW ~0.6 km above its confluence with the Salt River. The sampling location coincides with a permanent USGS gauging sta
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Total Daily Precipitation by Watershed, 1956 - present
From 1956 to 2014, watershed precipitation was estimated using the Thiessen Means weighting method. Daily watershed precipitation values were a weighted average of daily precipitation from standard gauges in or near the watershed. The weighting factor for each gauge was the fraction of the watershed area nearest that gauge. Beginning in 2015, a similar system was implemented using the 10 remaining rain gauges, however Inverse Distance Weighting was used to estimate the weighting of each gauge instead of the Theissen polygon approach. These data were gathered at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock, NH, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: 15-minute Precipitation by Watershed, 2017 - present
From 2011 to 2017, ten electronic weighing rain gauges were progressively implemented at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest to measure precipitation at 15-minute intervals. 15-minute resolution watershed precipitation values for nine research watersheds are calculated as a weighted average of precipitation using Inverse Distance Weighting. These data were gathered at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock, NH, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Survey of Family Forest Owners Regarding Invasive Insects in the Connecticut River Watershed 2017
Forest insects have significant direct impacts on forest ecosystems; they are also generating new risks, uncertainties, and opportunities for forest landowners. Our research objective is to understand: (1) whether and how insect infestations are shifting land-use regimes in New England by altering human decision-making, (2) how these changes to human decisions may affect regional forest ecosystems and the provisioning of select ecosystem services, and (3) how subsequent changes to forest ecosystems, in turn, affect landowners. The dataset is a result of gathering information from a random sample of family forest owners (FFOs) in the Connecticut River Watershed; FFOs own approximately half of the private forestland in the region. We collected information on characteristics and perceptions of these FFOs as well as their intentions for their land if faced with the presence or threat of invasive forest insects. To better understand FFO intentions, contingent behavior questions populate the conjoint analysis format of the questionnaire. These are the foundational data that form our further efforts to simulate the impacts of insect dynamics and landowner behavior on regional forest ecosystems, including forest carbon stores, forest structure and composition, and timber yields. One of our overarching hypotheses is that forest land-use change in response to insects will have greater near-term ecological consequences than climate change or insects by themselves.
Lymantria dispar Defoliation and Mortality Survey at the Quabbin Watershed in Central Massachusetts 2017-2022
For most of the 20th century, the invasive Lymantria dispar was the most serious insect threat to forests and shade trees in the northeastern United States, but outbreaks have been sporadic and light since 1989, after the successful establishment of a fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga. However, in 2016 a surprising new outbreak of Lymantria dispar began in southern New England, resulting in dramatic oak (Quercus spp.) mortality across thousands of forested hectares by 2018. In 2017, during the height of the outbreak, a rapid assessment of defoliation across 486 plots in six clusters (aka ‘hotspots’) across the Quabbin Watershed Forest in central Massachusetts was conducted. These sample points can be related to satellite-based defoliation estimates, and the tree and site data analyzed for predictors of defoliation severity. In 2022, we returned to 204 of these plots to assess oak mortality, understory vegetation, and oak regeneration.
WSC 2007 - 2012 Yahara Watershed surface water quality policies and practices created and implemented by public agencies
This dataset was created June 2012 - August 2013 to contribute to research under the Water Sustainability and Climate project. Interventions collected are those land-based policies and practices written and implemented by public agencies. Policies were implemented in Wisconsin's Yahara Watershed the period 2007-2012. They aim to improve surface water quality through nutrient (phosphorus and nitrogen) and sediment reduction. Interventions included in the mapping must have spatially-explicit, publicly available data through personal communication or website.
Isotopic analysis of extracted water from a larch (Larix decidua) stand in a high mountain watershed (Vallon de Nant - Switzerland)
<p>A total of 185 samples of soil and trees were taken from a stand of larch (Larix decidua) spanning from 1500 to 1600 m.a.s.l. in the Vallon de Nant in the Swiss canton of Vaud. Twenty individual trees and soil were sampled along two transects perpendicular to the main river channel of the Avançon de Nant at approximately midday on seven days in the foliage season between July 2017 and June 2018.</p><p>The data consists of two data (csv) and one document (pdf) files. The sample data file includes the date and estimated time of sampling, the type of sample (vegetation or soil), the transect and tree ID for look-up in the tree metadata file, the soil depth in centimeters, and the determined mean and standard deviation of deuterium, oxygen-18, and oxygen-17. The tree metadata file includes the transect (north or south), the tree ID number, the latitude, longitude, elevation (meters above sea level), and tree height and diameter at breast height in centimeters. Finally, a document describing the methods in more detail is included. </p>
City of Seattle, Seattle Public Utilities, Amphibian Egg Mass Counts 2002 - Current, Cedar River Municipal Watershed, King County, WA
This data package contains survey data beginning in 2002 for amphibian egg masses in five small kettle lakes (known as "14 Lakes") in the Cedar River Municipal Watershed, located in King County, Washington, USA. These surveys are conducted annually and are intended to be continued. The lakes range in size from 0.8 to 4.3 acres, have no perennial inlet or outlet, and were formed through glacial outwash deposits. The lakes are located at an elevation of 800 feet and are well suited for pond breeding amphibians because the lakes have no fish. Surveys were conducted annually, typically during the last week of March or first week of April, to coincide with amphibian breeding seasons. Surveyors walked, waded, or paddled the perimeter of each of the lakes during a survey, and tallied the number and type of egg masses that were encountered. Red legged frogs (Rana aurora) were of specific interest for the surveys, though egg masses of other species were noted during some survey years. The lakes represent the largest known breeding concentration of red legged frogs in the municipal watershed. The water depth of the lakes fluctuates year-to-year, which affected the feasibility of surveys. Lower water levels correspond to easier survey conditions: steep slopes and thick vegetation make surveying challenging when the water is high. Surveys were periodically cancelled during years where high water made surveying difficult or during staffing shortages. Counts of red legged frog egg masses across all lakes ranged between 24 and 1778 in a given year.
City of Seattle, Seattle Public Utilities, Riparian Permanent Sample Plots 2003-current, Cedar River Municipal Watershed, King County, WA
The City of Seattle’s Cedar River Municipal Watershed is managed to support and supply clean drinking water to the greater Seattle area. The watershed covers 91,000 acres, hosts a rich diversity of plants, animals, and habitats, and is owned by the City of Seattle. From 2003 to 2005, Seattle Public Utilities established 61 permanent sample plots (PSP) in riparian habitats of the Cedar River Municipal Watershed. 31 of these plots (plot #s 1-31) were established in 2003 upstream of Chester Morse Lake, the drinking water reservoir for the City of Seattle. 30 additional plots (plot #s 32-61) were established in 2005 downstream of Chester Morse Lake. In 2012, 6 of the 61 total plots (plot #s 4, 11, 12, 27, 28, 29) were resampled and the sampling methods were simplified. Each sampling year had different surveyors. The riparian permanent sample plots were limited to low gradient, moderately to unconfined reaches along the Cedar River and its tributaries because they typically show the most variability in riparian condition, stream-riparian interactions are greatest, and fish use is highest. Sites were randomly selected along these reaches, with two plots located at each site, one on each side of the stream. Sites were stratified into four stand types: deciduous dominated, mixed deciduous/conifer, conifer dominated in stem exclusion phase with little understory, and conifer dominated differentiated with well-developed understory, with at least five plots in each type. Each plot was measured for tree species and diameter, snag diameter and height, shrub species and cover, herb species and cover, sapling species and cover, percent canopy cover, and other species found in the plots but not previously recorded in the tree, shrub, and herb sampling. Selection of riparian plots for resampling in 2012 was designed to include plots in second and old growth forests and with medium and large stream sizes. Future resampling is expected to occur at an approximately ten-year interval. T
City of Seattle, Seattle Public Utilities, Marbled Murrelet Baseline Surveys 2005-2007, Cedar River Municipal Watershed, King County, WA
From 2005 to 2007, Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) hired consultants to use ornithological radar and protocol audio-visual (AV) surveys to establish baseline information on the distribution and abundance of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in the Cedar River Municipal Watershed (CRMW), Washington. Across the three years, radar surveys were conducted on 100 mornings at 18 sites, and AV surveys on 92 mornings at 12 sites. The study recorded murrelet targets via radar in all years, with 65 detections in 2005, 89 in 2006, and 25 in 2007. Mean daily landward radar counts ranged between 0 and 4 per morning, and did not differ significantly across years. Although overall radar counts were low, high day-to-day variability was observed (coefficients of variation from 130% to 173%). Monte Carlo simulations showed that with repeated surveys using the same methods, the monitoring program could detect an annual increase of 2–3% in Marbled Murrelet abundance over approximately 25–50 years. AV surveys confirmed murrelet occupancy at two sites: the Rex River in 2005 and the South Fork Cedar River in 2006. No murrelets were detected by AV in 2007, though radar data suggested low-level murrelet presence at several additional sub-basins. The findings indicate that Marbled Murrelets occur at low densities in the CRMW, likely limited by both high inland distance and relatively sparse old-growth forest structure suitable for nesting. The four radar stations established and resampled during the study provide an opportunity for long-term monitoring, offering sufficient power to detect changes in murrelet activity as ongoing forest restoration efforts in the CRMW progress.
MacroSheds: a synthesis of long-term biogeochemical, hydroclimatic, and geospatial data from small watershed ecosystem studies
The MacroSheds dataset is an ongoing synthesis of data records from small-watershed ecosystem studies, including those managed by LTER, CZO/CZNet, NEON, and many other networks. While details of instrumentation and sampling methods vary across these studies, the types of data collected and the questions that motivate their analysis are remarkably similar. Nevertheless, little effort toward the compilation of these datasets has previously been made, and comparative watershed analyses have remained limited in scale. The MacroSheds dataset includes daily time series of streamflow (discharge) and stream chemistry, as well as precipitation and precipitation chemistry where available. Each of the 200+ watersheds included in the MacroSheds dataset is described by a comprehensive collection of watershed attributes, summarized from a diverse set of gridded data products. A subset of these watershed attributes conform as closely as possible to the specifications of the CAMELS dataset (https://ral.ucar.edu/solutions/products/camels), allowing the MacroSheds dataset to function as a small-watershed supplement to that corpus, and a resource for hydrologists as well as biogeochemists and watershed ecosystem scientists. Data paper: https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/lol2.10325 Data dashboard for visualization: macrosheds.org R package for data access and analysis: https://github.com/MacroSHEDS/macrosheds R package vignettes: https://macrosheds.org/pages/vignettes Live dataset changelog: https://macrosheds.org/pages/changelog.html Questions: mail@macrosheds.org
Long-term record of lake and stream biogeochemistry from the Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA: 1981-2024
The Loch Vale Watershed (LVWS) Project is a long-term research and monitoring program that addresses watershed-scale ecosystem processes, particularly as they respond to atmospheric deposition and climate variability. The LVWS is a 7-km2 high-altitude basin located within Rocky Mountain National Park in the Colorado Front Range (Colorado, United States of America). This dataset includes year-round measurements of physical water parameters, nutrients, major ions, trace metals, silica, and chlorophyll collected from lakes and streams within the LVWS basin. Related data entities: Scanned field notebooks from the Loch Vale Watershed Project from 1981-2023 are available via this published data release: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6723cba2d34e4f57573e8e45. Quality assurance reports from the Loch Vale Watershed Project are available for specific time periods and can be found at the following locations: 1983-1987: included in this data release under "Other Entities", file name LWVS_QAreport_1983to1987_Denning 1988: included in this data release under "Other Entities", file name LWVS_QAreport_1988_Denning 1989-1990: included in this data release under "Other Entities", file name LWVS_QAreport_1989to1990_Edwards 1995-1998: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99111 1999-2002: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041306 2003-2009: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111137 2010-2019: https://doi.org/10.3133/tm1D9 The most recent methods manual is included in full in this data release under "Other Entities", file name "LVWS Methods Manual". Please refer to this manual for the detailed methods.
Water stable isotopes for streams samples in Mary's River Watershed, 2014-2015
Water samples were collected for analysis of water stable isotopes (O18/16 and H2/H1) in the Marys River basin of Benton County, Oregon. Water samples collected approximately monthly between 2014 and 2015 at 24 streams.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.