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46 results for “weediness”
Data from: Weedy and seedy: The rapid evolution of life-history characteristics in an introduced daisy
<p>Despite the importance of life-history characteristics in determining a species' success, we still lack basic information about some fundamental life-history elements found across the life cycle of introduced plants. Our study assesses rapid evolutionary divergence in life-history characteristics of the beach daisy, <em>Arctotheca populifolia,</em> by comparing introduced Australian and source South African plants and measuring eight key variables including seed mass, germination, reproductive output and survival. This is the first study that compares the life history of an introduced plant species with its single original source population, providing a precise and powerful method for detecting evolutionary divergence. We found that introduced <em>A. populifolia</em> has evolved a suite of weedy life-history characteristics in less than 90 years: the introduced plants use a live-fast die-young strategy of germination and survival and produce significantly more inflorescences and more seeds that germinate faster. This knowledge adds to the remarkable data that we already have on the rapid evolutionary divergence occurring in the morphology, physiology and defence of this introduced plant and highlights the speed and scope of evolutionary divergence possible in plants. To fully understand and manage the future of our plant species, we must consider their potential for ongoing change in key aspects of life history.</p>
Рис. 10. РаспреΔеΛение обсΛеΔованных поΛей в иссΛеΔуемом регионе по степени засоренности Fig. 10. Distribution of the surveyed fields in the studied region by the degree of field weediness in Reproductive potential of Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines - quarantine pest of soybean - in Primorsky Region conditions
Рис. 10. РаспреΔеΛение обсΛеΔованных поΛей в иссΛеΔуемом регионе по степени засоренности Fig. 10. Distribution of the surveyed fields in the studied region by the degree of field weediness
Рис. 11. Зависимость чисΛенности Heterodera glycines от засоренности поΛей Fig. 11. Dependence of the number of Heterodera glycines on the field weediness in Reproductive potential of Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines - quarantine pest of soybean - in Primorsky Region conditions
Рис. 11. Зависимость чисΛенности Heterodera glycines от засоренности поΛей Fig. 11. Dependence of the number of Heterodera glycines on the field weediness
Figure 1 in Sensitivity to salinity at the emergence and seedling stages of barnyardgrass (EchinochloQ crus-gQlli), weedy rice (OryzQ sQtivQ), and rice with different tolerances to ALS-inhibiting herbicides
Figure 1. Dose–response emergence curve with the average data points of the different Echinochloa crus-galli populations against the salt concentration. Curve parameter estimates (Equation 1): s1 (b = 1.94, d = 55.85, e = 287.76), s2 (b = 1.52, d = 89.91, e = 222.71), s3 (b = 1.13, d = 89.91, e = 282.58), r1(b = 3.96, d = 67.67, e = 196.55), r2 (b = 6.85, d = 94.64, e = 123.58). The salt concentration required to reduce emergence by 50% (EC50) is shown below the graph. Only the significant pairwise comparisons between EC50 (SI index) are shown (Equation 2).
Figure 2 in Sensitivity to salinity at the emergence and seedling stages of barnyardgrass (EchinochloQ crus-gQlli), weedy rice (OryzQ sQtivQ), and rice with different tolerances to ALS-inhibiting herbicides
Figure 2. Dose–response emergence curve with the average data points of the different Oryza sativa (weedy rice) populations and rice varieties against the salt concentration. Curve parameter estimates (Equation 1): wr1 (b = 9.40, d = 87.14, e = 195.80), wr2 (b = 9.40, d = 87.14, e = 160.19), wr3 (b = 8.49, d = 89.73, e = 173.01), Baldo (b = 4.81, d = 87.12, e = 146.49), CL80 (b = 3.08, d = 60.89, e = 140.04). The salt concentration required to reduce the emergence by 50% (EC50) and the significant pairwise comparisons between EC50 (SI index) are shown below the graph (Equation 2).
Figure 3 in Relationship between weedy rice (Oryzo sotivo) infestation level and agronomic practices in Italian rice farms
Figure 3. Relative importance of each variable in the clustering, as identified by the two-step cluster analysis. Variable scoring 1 represents the most important variable in the cluster formation.
Figure 2 in Relationship between weedy rice (Oryzo sotivo) infestation level and agronomic practices in Italian rice farms
Figure 2. Percentage of rice farms with different Oryzo sotivo infestation levels (low, medium, and high) on the basis of the adopted cultivation practices. (A) Total farm area and average farm area per class; (B) total farm area cultivated with ClearfieldṜ (CL) varieties and average farm area per class; (C) tillage; (D) sowing; (E) water management; (F) seed origin; (G) crop rotation; (H) stale seedbed; (I) imazamox use; and (J) O. sotivo resistance to imazamox.
Figure 4 in Relationship between weedy rice (Oryzo sotivo) infestation level and agronomic practices in Italian rice farms
Figure 4. The three clusters identified in the two-step cluster analysis and the composition of each cluster for all the variables that contributed to clustering. The size of the circle and percentages close to each circle represent the proportion of farms pertaining to a certain category of each variable. The percentage of farms belonging to each cluster is reported in parentheses following the cluster name. (A) Cluster 1; (B) cluster 2; and (C) cluster 3.
Data from: Weedy and seedy: The rapid evolution of life-history characteristics in an introduced daisy
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Data from: Analysis of evolutionary relationships provides new clues to the origins of weedy rice
<p>Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is considered to be a pest in modern rice production systems because it competes for resources, has poor yield characteristics, and subsequently has a negative effect on rice grain yield. The evolutionary relationships among weedy rice, landrace rice, improved rice cultivars, and wild rice are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a population genetic analysis based on neutral markers and gene haplotypes in 524 rice accessions and a comparative transcriptomic analysis using 15 representative samples. The results showed that weedy rice populations have the highest level of genetic diversity (He=0.8386), and can be divided into two groups (japonica-type and indica-type). The japonica-type weedy rice accessions from HLJ, JL, LN, and NX provinces clustered with the landraces grown in these same provinces. The indica-types from JS province also clustered with the indica-type landraces from JS province. Comparative transcriptome analysis of weedy rice populations, improved rice populations. and landrace rice from HLJ, JL and LN provinces showed that the weedy rice still clustered with the landrace rice, and that the improved rice lines comprise a single population. Thirty-two differentially expressed genes were shared by the improved rice and landrace rice groups as well as between the improved rice and weedy rice groups. Using GO analysis, we identified 19 shared GO terms in the improved rice and landrace rice groups as well as between the improved rice and weedy rice groups. Our results suggest that weedy rice populations in China have diverse origins, and comparative transcriptome analysis of different types of rice from HLJ, JL, and LN suggests that improved rice populations have become a medium or end point in the evolution of weedy rice, which provides a new perspective for the study of weedy rice origins and lays a solid foundation for rice breeding.</p>
Something old, something new: evolution of Colombian weedy rice (Oryza spp.) through de novo de-domestication, exotic gene flow, and hybridization
<p>Weedy rice (<i>Oryza</i> spp.) is a worldwide weed of domesticated rice (<i>O. sativa</i>), considered particularly problematic due to its strong competition with the crop, which leads to reduction of yields and harvest quality. Several studies have established multiple independent origins for weedy rice populations in the U.S. and various parts of Asia; however, the origins of weedy rice in South America have not been examined in a global context. We evaluated the genetic variation of weedy rice populations in Colombia, as well as the contributions of local wild<i> Oryza </i>species, local cultivated varieties, and exotic <i>Oryza</i> groups to the weed, using polymorphism generated by genotyping by sequencing (GBS). We found no evidence for genomic contributions from local wild <i>Oryza </i>species<i> </i>(<i>O. glumaepatula</i>, <i>O. grandiglumis</i>, <i>O. latifolia </i>and <i>O. alta</i>) to Colombian weedy rice. Instead, Colombian weedy rice has evolved from local <i>indica</i> cultivars, and has also likely been inadvertently imported as an exotic pest from the US. Additionally, weeds comprising <i>de novo</i> admixture between these distinct weedy populations now represent a large proportion of genomic backgrounds in Colombian weedy rice. Our results underscore the impressive ability of weedy rice to evolve through multiple evolutionary pathways, including in situ de-domestication, range expansion, and hybridization.</p>
Genetic variation data to explore the phylogeny of Iberian weedy rice
<p>Weedy rice, a damaging conspecific weed of cultivated rice, has arisen multiple times independently around the world. Understanding all weedy rice origins is necessary to create more effective weed management strategies. The origins of weedy rice in Spain and Portugal, where there are no native <em>Oryza</em> species are unknown. We used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to understand the origin of Iberian weedy rice and its relationship to other weedy, wild, and cultivated rice groups worldwide. This is the variant call format (vcf) file for all 481 accessions including weedy, wild, and cultivated rice. We used this dataset to understand the phylogenetic relationships and population structure among these different populations, especially the Iberian weedy rice. We find that weedy rice in the Iberian Peninsula has primarily evolved through de-domestication of <em>temperate japonica</em> cultivars, with minor origins from exotic weedy rice.</p>
Comparative histology of abscission zones reveals the extent of convergence and divergence in seed shattering in weedy and cultivated rice
<p>The modification of seed shattering has been a recurring theme in rice evolution. The wild ancestor of cultivated rice disperses its seeds, but reduced shattering was selected during multiple domestication events to facilitate harvesting. Conversely, selection for increased shattering occurred during the evolution of weedy rice, a weed invading cultivated rice fields that has originated multiple times from domesticated ancestors. Shattering requires formation of a tissue known as the abscission zone (AZ), but how the AZ has been modified throughout rice evolution is unclear. We quantitatively characterized the AZ characteristics of relative length, discontinuity, and intensity in 86 cultivated and weedy rice accessions. We reconstructed AZ evolutionary trajectories and determined the degree of convergence among different cultivated varieties and among independent weedy rice populations. AZ relative length emerged as the feature best distinguishing high and low shattering rice. Cultivated varieties differed in average AZ morphology, revealing lack of convergence in how shattering reduction was achieved during domestication. In contrast, weedy rice populations typically converged on complete AZs, irrespective of origin. By examining AZ population-level morphology, our study reveals its evolutionary plasticity, and suggests that the genetic potential to modify the ecologically and agronomically important trait of shattering is plentiful in rice lineages.</p>
Compare Analysis with a High-quality Genome of Weedy Rice Reveals the Evolutionary Game of De-domestication
<p>A02.SV.vcf is the SV information between the A02 genome and Nipponbare genome.</p> <p>All.population.SV.vcf is the data of the SV genotyping information based on the super pan-genome.</p>
Data from: All roads lead to weediness: patterns of genomic divergence reveal extensive recurrent weedy rice origins from South Asian Oryza
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Comparative histology of abscission zones reveals the extent of convergence and divergence in seed shattering in weedy and cultivated rice
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Something old, something new: evolution of Colombian weedy rice (Oryza spp.) through de novo de-domestication, exotic gene flow, and hybridization
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Data from: Analysis of evolutionary relationships provides new clues to the origins of weedy rice
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Data from: Weed evolution: genetic differentiation among wild, weedy, and crop radish
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Genetic variation data to explore the phylogeny of Iberian weedy rice
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